ilquen
everybody
ilquen
pronoun. everybody, everybody, *everyone
A word for “everybody” appearing in the the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60, a combination of il- “all” and quén “person” (WJ/372).
Conceptual Development: The pronoun ᴹQ. qáqe appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 with glosses “all, everyone” (PE23/103) or “every person/thing” (PE23/105), based on ᴹQ. qa(qe)- “all”.
quén
one, (some)body, person, individual, man or woman
quén (quen-, as in pl. queni; as final element in compounds -quen) noun "one, (some)body, person, individual, man or woman", pl. queni = "persons", "(some) people", "they" with the most general meaning (as in "they [= people in general] say that..."). The element is combined with noun and adjective stems in old compounds to denote habitual occupations or functions, or to describe those having some notable (permanent) quality; examples include roquen, ciryaquen, arquen, q.v. Also in aiquen "whoever", ilquen "everybody" (WJ:361 cf. 360, 372).
aiqua
steep
aiqua("q")adj. "steep" (AYAK). Not to be confused with the pronoun *aiqua "if anything, whatever" that post-Tolkien writers have extrapolated from aiquen (q.v.) on the basis of such pairs as ilquen vs. ilqua (q.v.)
il-
verb. no, *un-
il- (prefix) "no, *un-" (LA); cf. ilfirin "immortal" (vs. firin "dead"). This prefix "denotes the opposite, the reversal, i.e. more than the mere negation" (VT42:32). But il- can also mean "all, every"; see ilaurëa, ilqua, ilquen.
a
cardinal. one
er
one, alone
er cardinal "one, alone" (ERE, VT48:6, VT49:54), in an early source also adv. "only, but, still" (LT1:269); Eru er "one God" (VT44:17; er was here emended by Tolkien from erëa, which seems to be an adjectival form *"one, single".)
erëa
cardinal. one
erëa adj.? "one" or *"single", apparently an adjectival form (see er) (VT44:17)
la
no, not
la negation "no, not" (see lá); also prefix la- as in lacarë, q.v. (VT45:25)
lá
no, not
lá (1) adv. "no, not" (LA, VT45:25) According to VT42:33, lá is the stressed form, alternating with la when the negation is unstressed. In another conceptual phase of Tolkien's, lá had the opposite meaning "yes" (VT42:32-33), but this idea is contradicted by both earlier and later material: usually lá is conceived as a negation. The negation can receive tense markers and be used as a negative verb "when [another] verb is not expressed" (VT49:13), apparently where the phrase "is not" is followed by a noun or an adjective as a predicate, or where some verb is understood, as in English "I do not" (i.e. "I do not do whatever the context indicates"). With pronominal endings la- in the aorist, e.g. lanyë "I do not, am not" (etc.) (Tolkien abandoned the form lamin.) Exemplified in the sentence melin sé apa lanyë hé *"I love him but I do not [love] him" (another person) (VT49:15). Present tense laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva.
min
cardinal. one
min numeral "one", also minë (VT45:34, VT48:6)
min
cardinal. one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first
minë
cardinal. one
minë numeral "one", also min (MINI, VT45:34)
mir
cardinal. one
mir (2) cardinal "one" (LT1:260; in LotR-style Quenya rather minë)
mo
one, someone, anyone
mo, indefinite pronoun "one, someone, anyone" (VT42:34, VT49:19, 20, 26)
oronta
steep
oronta adj. "steep" (LT1:256)
ui
no
ui interjection "no" (originally an endingless negative verb in the 3rd person aorist: "it is not [so]"; see #u-). Apparently this is the word for "no" used to deny that something is true (compare vá, which is rather used to reject orders, or to issue negative orders). (VT49:28) Compare uito.
ilpen
pronoun. everybody
er
cardinal. one
min
cardinal. one
al-
prefix. no, not
baradh
adjective. steep
baradh
adjective. steep
min
fraction. one (first of a series)
min
cardinal. one
mû
interjection. no
ash
cardinal. one
ash
cardinal. one
imin
masculine name. One
min
cardinal. one
baw
interjection. no, don't!
min
fraction. one (first of a series)
min
cardinal. one, one, [G.] single
mîn
fraction. one (first of a series)
pen
pronoun. one, somebody, anybody
Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2
ú
prefix. no, not (negative prefix or particle)
û
interjection. no
adv. or interj. no, not (of fact).
baradh
steep
baradh (pl. beraidh, lenited varadh).
baradh
steep
(pl. beraidh, lenited varadh).
baw!
no
! (interjection expressing refusal or prohibition, not denying facts) baw! (dont!) Prefix
baw!
no
(don’t!) Prefix
eru
the one
isolated from
gú
no, not
also ú
min
cardinal. one
- (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)
min
one
mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.
pen
cardinal. one
(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
pen
one
(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
êr
one
whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
er
adjective. one
el
adverb/adjective. one
mir
cardinal. one
aiqa
adjective. steep, steep, [ᴱQ.] tall; high, lofty, sublime; chief
A word for “steep” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√AYAK “sharp, pointed” (Ety/AYAK).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s also had ᴱQ. aiqa “steep” (QL/29). The English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s translated this word as “high, lofty, sublime”, saying it was also used to mean “high, chief” (PEl5/74). The contemporaneous Early Noldorin Dictionary had ᴱQ. aiqa as the cognate to ᴱN. aig “high, steep”, both derived from primitive ᴱ✶ai-kwa (PE13/158). The primitive form ✶aikwā “tall, steep” reappeared later in the second version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa (TQ2) from around 1950 (PE18/50). In the Earendel poem from around 1930, its (Early Qenya) nominative plural form alqalin was translated “tall” in the phrase ᴱQ. tyulmin talalínen aiqalin kautáron “the tall masts bent with the sails” (MC/216).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would just use aiqua to mean “steep”.
min
cardinal. one
mine
cardinal. one
barada
adjective. steep
stal
root. steep
A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “steep” with derivatives like Ilk. thall “steep, falling steeply (of river)” and Ilk. thalos “torrent”, the latter used for the river name Ilk. Thalos (Ety/STAL). Tolkien continued to use the name S. Thalos in later versions of The Silmarillion, but the name was translated nowhere else, making its continued connection to the 1930s root uncertain.
er Reconstructed
cardinal. one
The Ilkorin word for “one” attested only in the name Ermabuin or Ermab(r)in “One-handed” (Ety/MAP).
ilquen noun "everybody" (WJ:372)