firin adj. "dead" (by natural cause) (PHIR).This may obsolete the earlier "Qenya" word firin "ray of the sun" (LT2:341)
Quenya
hessa
dead, withered
hessa
adjective. withered, dead
firin
dead
qualin
dead
qualin ("q")adj. "dead" (KWAL, LT1:264)
Noldorin
fern
noun/adjective. dead (of mortals)
fern
noun/adjective. dead person
Sindarin
fern
noun/adjective. dead, dead person; [N.] dead (of mortals)
An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “dead (of mortals)” under the root ᴹ√PHIR “die of natural causes”, used as a plural noun in the name Dor Firn i Guinar “Land of the Dead that Live” (Ety/PHIR). Christopher Tolkien choose to include the name Dor Firn-i-Guinar in the published version of The Silmarillion (S/188), and most Sindarin writers accept its ongoing validity.
gorth
noun. a dead person
gorthrim
noun. the dead
gorth
dead
(adj.) 1) gorth (lenited ngorth; pl. gyrth), also fern, pl. firn. These adjectives may also be used as nouns ”dead person(s)”. According to LR:381 s.v. _
tharn
withered
tharn (sapless, stiff, rigid), pl. thern
tharn
withered
(sapless, stiff, rigid), pl. thern
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
Early Quenya
hessa
adjective. dead, withered
An adjective appearing as ᴱQ. hessa “dead, withered” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√HESE “wither” (QL/40).
Neo-Quenya: I would retain ᴺQ. hessa “withered” for purposes of Neo-Quenya derived from the Neo-Root ᴺ√KHES, but would use other words for “dead” like firin or qualin.
il(l)oite
adjective. withered, dead
An adjective in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “withered, dead” (QL/41), an negation of ᴱQ. loite “fresh” (QL/52).
mána
adjective. dead
An adjective for “dead” in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s based on the verb ᴱQ. maka- “die” (PE14/58).
narka
adjective. dead
An adjective for “dead” implied by the stative formation narkea “is dead” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/140), perhaps connected to some precursor of √NDAK “slay”.
qalna
adjective. dead
warda
adjective. dead
Early Noldorin
gwardh
adjective. dead
Qenya
qalin
adjective. dead, dead, [ᴱQ.] dying
An adjective for “dead” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KWAL “die (in pain)” (Ety/KWAL).
Conceptual Development: The adjective ᴱQ. qalin meant “dead” all the way back in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s where it was derived from the early root ᴱ√QALA “die” (QL/76; PME/76). In the Qenya Lexicon it has an archaic variant ᴱQ. †qalna (QL/76). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, qalin appeared in the stative construction qalinya {“is dead” >>} “is dying” (PE16/140).
hessa adj. "dead, withered" (LT1:255)