lingwë

fish

lingwë (stem *lingwi-, given the primitive form ¤liñwi) noun "fish" (LIW)

lingwë

noun. fish

A word for “fish” appearing in its plural form lingwi “fish” in notes on The Lands and Beasts of Númenor from 1965 (NM/336) and appearing as ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” from primitive ᴹ✶liñwi under the root ᴹ√LIW in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LIW).

Conceptual Development: Tolkien had ᴱQ. ingwe “fish” under the early root ᴱ√IWI “fish” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/43), and this word was also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/43). The word {engwe >>} ingwe appeared unglossed in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/145). ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” with initial l first emerged in The Etymologies of the 1930s, as noted above.

Derivations

• ᴹ√LIW “*fish”

Element in

• ᴺQ. cullingwë “goldfish”
• ᴺQ. lingwëa “fishlike”
• ᴺQ. lingwileuca “eel”
• ᴺQ. lingwimo “fisherman”
• ᴺQ. lingwiremnë “fishing”
• ᴺQ. mórolingwe “squid, (lit.) ink-fish”
• ᴺQ. telpingwë “silverfish”

nixi

name. fish

lim

noun. fish

hal

lift

hal- (i châl, i chelir), pa.t. haul (VT45:20)

hal

lift

(i châl, i chelir), pa.t. haul (VT45:20)

hâl

fish

(noun) hâl (i châl, o châl, construct hal), pl. hail (i chail) (VT45:20); also lim (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. limmath). Note: a homophone means ”clear, sparkling, light”.

hâl

fish

(i châl, o châl, construct hal), pl. hail (i chail) (VT45:20); also lim (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. limmath). Note: a homophone means ”clear, sparkling, light”.

lim

noun. fish

Element in

• ᴺS. limmeg “young fish, small fry”

hal-

verb. to lift

hâl

noun. fish

hâl

noun. fish

A noun for “fish” appearing on the front page of The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶khala (EtyAC/KHAL¹). As such, it was probably based on the root ᴹ√KHAL “(small) fish” (Ety/KHAL¹), but may have transferred to ᴹ√SKAL “small fish” when Tolkien revised that root (Ety/SKAL²).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. hala “(small) fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

Derivations

• ᴹ✶skala “fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
  • ᴹ√SKAL “small fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

Element in

• N. heledir(n) “kingsfisher, (lit.) fish-watcher”
• ᴺS. torchal “shark or other large predatory fish”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶khala > hâl	[kʰala] > [xala] > [xal] > [xāl] > [hāl]	✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

lhim

noun. fish

lhim

noun. fish

A noun appearing as N. lhim “fish” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from primitive ᴹ✶liñwi of the same meaning (Ety/LIW), where the labialized velar ñw (> ñgw) became the labial m (< mb) and the initial l unvoiced to lh.

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien had G. ing “fish” (GL/51), cognate to ᴱQ. ingwe of the same meaning (QL/43). In Gnomish labialized velars only became labials in limited circumstances, so the primitive ng survived.

Neo-Sindarin: Since the unvoicing of initial liquids did not occur in Sindarin, many people adapt this word as ᴺS. lim “fish” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, as suggested in HSD (HSD).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Derivations

• ᴹ✶liñwi “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
  • ᴹ√LIW “*fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Element in

• N. lhimlug “fish-dragon, sea-serpent” ✧ Ety/LOK

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶liñwi > lhimb > lhim	[liŋwi] > [liŋgwi] > [liŋgwe] > [limbe] > [limb] > [l̥imb] > [l̥imb] > [l̥imm] > [l̥im]	✧ Ety/LIW

lhimb

noun. fish