Quenya 

fáwë

snow

fáwë vb. "snow" (GL:35; rather lossë in Tolkien's later Quenya)

hriz-

verb. to snow

In notes written around 1959, Tolkien experimented with various roots for impersonal “snow” verbs, first giving the aorist form of a derived verb Q. hrisya “it snows” < hriþya from the root √SRITH, then the present tense form of a basic verb Q. hríza “it is snowing” from the root √SRIS (PE17/168).

Neo-Quenya: The basic verb form †hriz- is likely archaic, since z usually became r in Quenya’s phonetic development. In this case, though, I suspect the medial z dissimilated back to s after the hr, since Quenya disliked repeated r’s (PE19/73-74). This occurred, for example, with the verb ras- “stick out” < †raz- < √RAS.

Thus, I would use modern Quenya hrise “[it] snows”, hrinse “[it] snowed”, ihrísie “[it] has snowed”. Since this is an impersonal verbs, no explicit subject is required.

Derivations

  • √SRIS “snow” ✧ PE17/168

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√SRIS > hríza[srīsa] > [r̥īsa] > [r̥īza]✧ PE17/168

lossë

snow

lossë (1) noun "snow" or adj. "snow-white" (SA:los, MC:213, VT42:18); losselië noun"white people" (MC:216, PE16:96)

niquë

snow

niquë (2) ("q")noun "snow" (NIK-W)

olos

snow, fallen snow

†olos (2) noun "snow, fallen snow" (prob. oloss-, cf. the longer form olossë below; this form should be preferred since olos also = "dream, vision") (GOLOS)

olossë

snow, fallen snow

†olossë noun "snow, fallen snow" (GOLÓS, LOT[H])

hris-

verb. to snow

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

Sindarin 

gloss

adjective. snow-white, dazzling-white

Sindarin [Ety/359, RGEO/70, VT/42:18] Group: SINDICT. Published by

loss

noun. snow (especially fallen or long-lying snow)

Sindarin [S/434, VT/42:18, RGEO/70] Group: SINDICT. Published by

glosta-

verb. to snow

A neologism for “to snow” coined by Fiona Jallings, based on the root √(G)LOS “snow, whiteness”.

Derivations

  • √(G)LOS “snow, whiteness”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

los

snow

{ŏ}_ n. _snow. Q. losse. >> glos, glosui, loss, Loss(h)oth

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:161] < LOS snow (as a substance or a white mass). Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

loss

noun. snow

_ n. _snow. Q. losse. >> glos, glosui, los, Loss(h)oth

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:161] < LOS snow (as a substance or a white mass). Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

loss

snow

(fallen snow) loss (construct los; pl. lyss if there is a pl.) (RGEO:61-62, Letters:278, VT42:18) (Note: homophones mean ”flower” [more commonly loth] and ”wilderness”.).

hel-

verb. to freeze

Cognates

  • ᴺQ. hel- “to freeze (of water)”

Derivations

  • √KHEL “ice, [ᴹ√] freeze”

Element in

Noldorin 

gloss

adjective. snow-white, dazzling-white

Noldorin [Ety/359, RGEO/70, VT/42:18] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Middle Primitive Elvish

khel

root. freeze

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. helen “icicle”
  • ᴹQ. helle “frost” ✧ Ety/KHEL
  • ᴹQ. helor “frost”
  • N. hell “frost” ✧ Ety/KHEL

Element in

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KARAK; Ety/KHEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

hel-

verb. to freeze

The verb G. hel- “freeze” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as derivative of primitive χele-k (GL/48), based on the early root ᴱ√HELE as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Helkar; QL/39).

Neo-Sindarin: Since √KHEL appeared in later writings with glosses like “freeze” (Ety/KHEL) and “ice” (PE17/116), I think ᴺS. hel- “to freeze” can salvaged for Neo-Sindarin.

Cognates

  • Eq. hilk- “to freeze” ✧ LT1A/Helkar

Derivations

  • ᴱ√HELE “*freeze” ✧ GL/48; LT1A/Helkar

Element in

  • G. helfingl “icicle” ✧ GL/48
  • G. helon “frozen” ✧ GL/48
  • G. heltha- “to freeze, congeal (tr.)” ✧ GL/48
  • G. helfileg “frost on panes, etc.” ✧ GL/48
  • G. heloth “frost” ✧ GL/48; LT1A/Helkar

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√χele-k > hel-[xel-] > [hel-]✧ GL/48
Gnomish [GL/48; LT1A/Helkar] Group: Eldamo. Published by

heltha-

verb. to freeze, congeal (tr.)

A transitive verb in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “freeze, congeal (tr.)”, apparently a transitive variant of G. hel- “freeze” (GL/48).

Cognates

  • Eq. hilk- “to freeze”

fautha-

verb. to snow

fôtha-

verb. to snow

A verb in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “it snows” with variants fôtha- and {fontha- >>} fautha-, elaborations of G. fô “snow” (GL/35).

Changes

  • fontha → fautha “it snows” ✧ GL/35

Cognates

  • Eq. fauta- “to snow” ✧ GL/35

Variations

  • fôtha ✧ GL/35
  • fautha ✧ GL/35
  • fontha ✧ GL/35 (fontha)

Early Primitive Elvish

hele

root. *freeze

Changes

  • hele-k → χele-k ✧ GL/48

Derivatives

  • Eq. hilk- “to freeze” ✧ LT1A/Helkar; QL/039
  • Eq. helka “ice-cold” ✧ LT1A/Helkar; QL/039
  • Eq. halkin “frozen” ✧ LT1A/Helkar; QL/039
  • Eq. helke “ice” ✧ LT1A/Helkar; QL/039
  • G. hel- “to freeze” ✧ GL/48; LT1A/Helkar
  • G. helc “ice-cold, icy, cold” ✧ GL/48
  • G. Helchor “anarctic cold, utter frost of the south” ✧ GL/48; LT1A/Helkar
  • G. heleg “ice” ✧ GL/48; LT1A/Helkar
  • G. hîl “frost” ✧ GL/48

Variations

  • χele-k ✧ GL/48
  • hele-k ✧ GL/48 (hele-k)
  • HḶKḶ ✧ QL/039
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/48; LT1A/Helkar; QL/039] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

hilk-

verb. to freeze

A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as ᴱQ. hilkin “it freezes” based on the early root ᴱ√HḶKḶ, a variant of ᴱ√HELE (QL/39).

Neo-Quenya: Since there is no sign of ᴱ√HḶKḶ in Tolkien’s later writings, I think it is best is adapt this verb as ᴺQ. hel- “freeze” based directly on the later root √KHEL of ice words. Since the root is ice-related, I’d limit the meaning of this verb to the freezing of water and similar substances. For freezing weather, I’d use Q. nicu-.

Cognates

  • G. hel- “to freeze” ✧ LT1A/Helkar
  • G. heltha- “to freeze, congeal (tr.)”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√HELE “*freeze” ✧ LT1A/Helkar; QL/039

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√HḶKḶ > hilkin[xḷk-] > [xilk-] > [hilk-]✧ QL/039
Early Quenya [LT1A/Helkar; QL/039] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fauta-

verb. to snow

A Qenya verb in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, cognate to G. fôtha “it snows” (GL/35).

Cognates

Variations

  • fauta ✧ GL/35
Early Quenya [GL/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

niqista-

verb. to snow

A verb for “to snow” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants niqista- and niqisya-, both elaborations of ᴱQ. niqis “snow” (QL/66).

Cognates

  • G. nictha- “to rain, hail, snow”

Variations

  • niqisya ✧ QL/066
Early Quenya [QL/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

niqisya-

verb. to snow