forod

noun. north

The Sindarin word for “north” derived from primitive ᴹ✶phoroti based on the root ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” (LotR/1123; PE17/18; Ety/PHOR). It was the “right-hand direction” since the Elves reckoned their directions while facing west, so that “north” was to the right (LotR/1123). It can also be used for “the North” as a region, but Sindarin would do so without a definite article: mi Forod “in [the] North” (PE23/133).

forod

noun. north

forod

adjective. northern

_adj. _northern. Q. forna. >> for, Forochel

mi forod

in [the] North

forod

north

#forod (isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).

forod

north

(isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).

for-

prefix. north

A prefix for “north” (PE17/18) clearly based on the root ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” (Ety/PHOR).

forn

adjective. north, north, [N.] right

An adjective for “north” based on the prefix for- (SA/formen; PE17/18). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it had the gloss “right or north” under the root ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” (Ety/PHOR).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of North-Sindarin I would use this adjective only for “north”, and for “right (hand)” I would use S. fuir; see that entry for discussion.

fuir

adjective. north

fuir

adjective. north

A word appearing in the name Eryn Fuir “North Wood” in notes from the late 1960s that were ultimately struck through (VT42/20). David Salo suggested it was likely derived from ✱phorya (GS/255). If so, it would be a later version of N. fœir >> feir “right (hand)” from The Etymologies of the 1930s, which was the equivalent of ᴹQ. forya under the root ᴹ√PHOR of similar meaning (Ety/PHOR).

These differences between the Noldorin and Sindarin forms were due to varying phonetic developments in the 1930s vs. the 1950s-60s; see the entry on how œi became ui in Sindarin for more details.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use ᴺS. fuir in its 1930s sense “right (hand)”, since we have plenty of other words for “north”.

fervain

northern

fervain (no distinct pl. form) (VT46:10)

fervain

northern

(no distinct pl. form) (VT46:10)

forod

noun. north

forod

noun. north

forodren

adjective. northern

An adjectival form of forod “north” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/PHOR).

forodren

adjective. northern

forven

noun. north

A word for “north” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, the direct equivalent of ᴹQ. formen (Ety/PHOR).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would just use S. forod “north”.

fervein

adjective. northern

A Noldorin word for “northern” in The Etymologies of the 1930s that is either forvein or fervein, an adjectival form of N. forven “north” and the cognate of ᴹQ. formenya (Ety/PHOR; EtyAC/PHOR).

Neo-Sindarin: This word might be adapted into Neo-Sindarin as forvain or fervain, but I would just use N. forodren for “northern” instead.

forven

noun. north

formen

noun. north, north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]

The Quenya word for “north” and the name of tengwa #10 (LotR/1123). It is a combination of ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” and √MEN “way”, so named because it is the direction to the right when facing west (PE17/18; PE22/23; Ety/PHOR, MEN). It is also the name of the region of the north which in English would be “the North” but Quenya just has Formen without the definite article (PE23/133).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. póme “north” under the early root ᴱ√PO (QL/74) along with a variant poar (QL/75), both of which were also mentioned in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/75). The Ambarkanta of the early 1930s at first had Tormen for “north”, but this was revised for Formen both there and in The Etymologies from 1937 (SM/244; Ety/MEN) and Tolkien used formen thereafter.

Formen

north

Formen noun "north" (SA:men), also name of tengwa #10 (Appendix E, PHOR, MEN; replacing the rejected form Tormen). In Formenos, place-name "Northern Fortress" (SA:formen). Allative formenna, VT49:26.

Tormen

north

[Tormen] noun "north" (MEN; replaced by Formen, q.v.)

formenya

northern

formenya adj. "northern" (PHOR)

forna

northern

forna adj. "northern" (PE17:18)

forna

adjective. northern

An adjective for “northern” based on the prefix for- (PE17/18).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. pōmea “northern” based on ᴱQ. pōme “north” (QL/74). The Etymologies of the 1930s had ᴹQ. formenya “northern” as an adjectival form of ᴹQ. formen “north” (Ety/PHOR), but this might coexist with forna.

fortë

northern

fortë (stem *forti- given the primitive form ¤phoroti) adj. "northern" (PHOR)

mi formen

in [the] North