filet

noun. cobweb

A word in in the Declension of Nouns of the early 1930s glossed {“fern” >>} “cobweb” (PE21/33 and note #3). Its initial gloss was probably a later iteration of ᴱQ. filqe “fern” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/38), and in later writings filit (filik-) was a word for “small bird, sparrow” (Ety/PHILIK; PE21/56), so this was likely a transient form.

Changes

• filet → filet “fern” ✧ PE21/33

qalin

adjective. dead, dead, [ᴱQ.] dying

An adjective for “dead” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KWAL “die (in pain)” (Ety/KWAL).

Conceptual Development: The adjective ᴱQ. qalin meant “dead” all the way back in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s where it was derived from the early root ᴱ√QALA “die” (QL/76; PME/76). In the Qenya Lexicon it has an archaic variant ᴱQ. †qalna (QL/76). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, qalin appeared in the stative construction qalinya {“is dead” >>} “is dying” (PE16/140).

Derivations

• ᴹ√KWAL “die (in pain)” ✧ Ety/KWAL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√KWAL > qalin	[kwalin]	✧ Ety/KWAL

líne

noun. cobweb, cobweb; [ᴱQ.] cotton, thread

A noun for “cobweb” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶slignē under the root ᴹ√SLIG (Ety/SLIG).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien gave ᴱQ. līnẹ “thread, cotton” under the early root ᴱ√LI+ya (QL/53).

Neo-Quenya: This word is somewhat questionable, since in later writings, Tolkien derived spider words from √ungu-. However, I prefer to interpret ᴹ√(S)LIG as having to do with threads for purposes of Neo-Eldarin, and “cobweb” could be from a sense “collection of threads”. With this interpretation, I think it is also plausible to include the sense “cotton” from Early Qenya, though for “thread” I’d use other words like Q. ipsin or [ᴹQ.] lia. Helge Fauskanger suggested (QQ/líne) that this word should be ✱hlíne given primitive initial sl-, but there is another primitive form ᴹ✶ligā under the root, so perhaps the Quenya derivatives were (a) based from a variant root ᴹ√LIG or (b) reflect the Third Age Quenya pronunciation as voiced l (LotR/1114).

Cognates

• N. thling “spider, spider’s web, cobweb” ✧ Ety/SLIG

Derivations

• ᴹ✶slignē “spider, spider’s web, cobweb” ✧ Ety/SLIG
  • ᴹ√SLIG “*entwine, thread; spider” ✧ Ety/SLIG

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶slignē > líne	[slignē] > [l̥ignē] > [l̥iŋnē] > [l̥īnē] > [līnē] > [līne]	✧ Ety/SLIG

filc

noun. fern

fileg

noun. fern

A noun appearing as G. fileg or filc “fern” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/35), cognate to ᴱQ. filqe “fern” under the early root ᴱ√FILI “fine, thin” (GL/35).

Neo-Sindarin: In Tolkien’s later writing, N. fileg was “small bird”, so I would adapt this Gnomish word as ᴺS. fileb “fern”, assuming a primitive form of ✱philikwe with kw becoming p (and then b) as usual for Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s. I would also assume that, like N. fileg “small bird”, the singular fileb “fern” was reconstructed based on the plural filib “ferns”.

Cognates

• Eq. filqe “fern”

Derivations

• ᴱ√FILI “fine, thin”

Element in

• G. helfileg “frost on panes, etc.” ✧ GL/48

Variations

• filc ✧ GL/35

gwidh-a-ging

noun. cobweb

A word for “cobweb” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/46). Its initial element seems to be G. gwidh- “weave”, and its final element might be a variant of G. gung “spider” (though this word was deleted).

Changes

• gwindaging → gwidh-a-ging ✧ GL/46

Variations

• gwindaging ✧ GL/46 (gwindaging)

gwardh

adjective. dead

Changes

• gwarth → gwardh ✧ PE13/146

Derivations

• ᴱ√GWṚÐṚ “die”

Variations

• gwarth ✧ PE13/146 (gwarth)

filimpe

noun. fern

filinqe

noun. fern

filqe

noun. fern

A word appearing as ᴱQ. filqe “fern” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s, with variants filinqe and (dialectical) filimpe [probably Solosimpi/Telerin], all derived from the early root ᴱ√FILI “fine, thin” (QL/38).

Conceptual Development: The Declension of Nouns (DN) of the early 1930s had ᴹQ. filet (filek-) with glosses {“fern” >>} “cobweb” (PE21/33 note #123), and in later writings filit (filik-) was a word for “small bird, sparrow” (Ety/PHILIK; PE21/56).

Neo-Quenya: Since there are no later non-rejected words with this meaning, I would retain ᴺQ. filquë “fern” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

Cognates

• Et. felpa “seaweed” ✧ QL/038
• G. fileg “fern”

Derivations

• ᴱ√FILI “fine, thin” ✧ QL/038

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√FILI > filqe	[ɸilkʷē] > [ɸilkʷe] > [filkʷe]	✧ QL/038

Variations

• filinqe ✧ PME/038; QL/038
• filimpe ✧ PME/038; QL/038

mána

adjective. dead

An adjective for “dead” in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s based on the verb ᴱQ. maka- “die” (PE14/58).

Variations

• māna ✧ PE14/058

narka

adjective. dead

An adjective for “dead” implied by the stative formation narkea “is dead” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/140), perhaps connected to some precursor of √NDAK “slay”.

qalna

adjective. dead

Derivations

• ᴱ√QALA “die” ✧ QL/076

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√QALA > qalna	[kʷalnā] > [kʷalna]	✧ QL/076

warda

adjective. dead

An adjective for “dead” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√GWṚÐṚ “die” (QL/104), given as a cognate to G. gwarth “dead (only of persons)” in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/44).

Cognates

• G. gwarth “dead (only of persons)” ✧ GL/44

Derivations

• ᴱ✶gwṝþa ✧ GL/44
  • ᴱ√GWṚÐṚ “die”
• ᴱ√GWṚÐṚ “die” ✧ QL/104

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ✶gu̯r̄́þa > warda	[gʷṝθā] > [gʷṝθa] > [wṝθa] > [warθa] > [warða] > [warda]	✧ GL/44
ᴱ√GWṚÐR > warda	[gʷṝðā] > [gʷṝða] > [wṝða] > [warða] > [warda]	✧ QL/104

kangawinda

noun. cobweb

A word for “cobweb” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/45), apparently a combination of the verb ᴱQ. kanga- “weave” and the noun ᴱQ. winda “woof”. It also appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/45).