láma

noun. sound, sound; [ᴹQ.] ringing sound, echo

Cognates

• ᴺS. law “sound”

Derivations

• √LAM “(inarticulate voiced) sound” ✧ VT39/20

Element in

• Q. Lámaquenta “Account of Sounds” ✧ PE18/082
• Q. Lámasampanë “Combination of Sounds” ✧ PE18/090
• Q. lámatyávë “*sound-taste”
• Q. ólama “consonant”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√lam > láma	[lāma]	✧ VT39/20

Variations

• Láma ✧ PE18/082; PE18/090

hlón

sound

hlón noun "sound", "a noise" (VT48:29). Also hlóna. The stem of hlón is apparently hlon- if hloni "sounds" in WJ:394 is its plural form.

lamma

sound

lamma noun "sound" (LAM)

láma#

noun. sound

sound

dag-

verb. to slay, to slay, [ᴱN.] kill

A verb meaning “to slay” derived from the root √NDAK, best known from its passive participle dangen as in Haudh-en-Ndengin “Hill of Slain” (S/197). Tolkien wrote a set of possible past forms aðag, aðanc, aðarch in notes from 1962 (PE17/131), and the verb appeared in its (Noldorin) infinitive form degi “to slay” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√NDAK “slay” (Ety/NDAK), along with another couple of (Noldorin) past forms: danc, degant (EtyAC/NDAK). The verb form ᴱN. (n)dag- “to slay” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/141), but its present form dág was glossed “kills” and in the contemporaneous Early Noldorin Grammar the form dagion was likewise glossed “I kill” (PE13/130). Thus “slay” and “kill” are both viable translations.

Possible Etymology: In notes from around 1962, Tolkien gave ✶dankĭna as the primitive form of its passive participle dangen, indicating a root √DAK rather than √NDAK, which is also consistent with its nasal mutated plural form on that page: {i dengin >>} i nengin (PE17/133). The 1964 past forms aðag and aðanc also seem to indicate derivation from √DAK (PE17/131). In notes from around 1967, however, Tolkien had the mixed mutated form n(d)engin in the phrase i·m(b)air en N(d)engin, indicating √NDAK, and he consistently gave nac- for the equivalent Quenya forms, so the early 1960s flirtation with √DAK seems to have been a transient idea.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume the root is √NDAK, and hence I’d give it the past form ✱annanc “slayed” rather than aðanc.

Cognates

• Q. nac- “to hew, cut, to hew, cut; [ᴹQ.] to kill, slay; to hate”

Derivations

• √NDAK “hew, slay, slay; hew” ✧ SA/dagor

Element in

• S. Dagmor “?Slayer of Darkness”
• S. dagnir “slayer, bane” ✧ PE17/097; SA/dagor
• S. dangen “slain” ✧ PE17/133

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√ndak- > Dag-	[ndak-] > [dak-] > [dag-]	✧ SA/dagor

Variations

• Dag- ✧ SA/dagor (Dag-)

rû

noun. loud-sound, trumpet-sound

romru

noun. sound of horns

lhûn

making sound

lenited ?thlûn or ?lûn (the lenition product of lh is uncertain), pl. lhuin. Verb

law

noun. sound

Cognates

• Q. láma “sound, sound; [ᴹQ.] ringing sound, echo”

Derivations

• √LAM “(inarticulate voiced) sound”

lammad

sound of voices

pl. lemmaid. May also be spelt with a single m.

nellad

sound of bells

(pl. nellaid);

romru

sound of horns

pl. remry (idh remry) for archaic römry;

ndakta-

verb. to slay

Derivations

• √NDAK “hew, slay, slay; hew” ✧ PE22/156

Derivatives

• Q. nahta- “to slay; to hurt, injure, wound, to slay, [ᴱQ.] slay cruelly; [Q.] to hurt, injure, wound” ✧ PE22/156

Variations

• ndakta ✧ PE22/156

dag-

verb. to slay

Cognates

• ᴹQ. nak- “to kill, slay; to hate”

Derivations

• On. ndak- “to slay” ✧ Ety/NDAK
  • ᴹ√(N)DAK “slay” ✧ Ety/NDAK

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. ndakie > degi	[ndakie] > [dakie] > [dekie] > [deki] > [degi]	✧ Ety/NDAK

nella-

verb. to sound (of bells)

rhû

noun. loud-sound, trumpet-sound

rhomru

noun. sound of horns