@@@ rejection may be due to introduction of yén “year” (PE22/86)
Middle Primitive Elvish
nī/ini
root. female
gos/goth
root. dread
gū/mū
root. no, not
nowo
root. think, form idea, imagine
epe ndere
after the man
niñkwitā-
verb. to whiten
(e)rek
root. thorn, holly
diñg
root. ding (onomatopoeic)
ek
root. spear, (sharp) point, thorn
linga
root. hang
tinko
root. metal
ektelu-
verb. to well, bubble up, gush forth
etkat-
verb. to fashion
ugu/umu
root. negative stems
wa-nōrō
noun. one of kin
ndanithārō
masculine name. Saviour of the Dani
dōmilindē
noun. nightingale
ēntrende
place name. Outer Lands, East
ab
root. refuse, deny, say no, away, go away, depart
abtā-
verb. to away, go away
anta-
verb. to give, present
askarā
adjective. tearing, hastening
bérya-
verb. to dare
ektel-
verb. to gush
sliñgē
noun. spider, spider’s web, cobweb
tyalı̯ā-
verb. to play
batā̆
noun. beaten track, pathway
(g)laibē
noun. ointment
ad
root. entrance, gate
akkala-
verb. to blaze, shine (suddenly and) brilliantly
bad-
verb. to judge
belē
noun. strength
dōmi
noun. night, twilight, gloom
gais-
verb. to dread
khith/khis
root. mist, fog
stangasyandō
proper name. throng-cleaver, throng-cleaver, throng-hewer
tambā́-
verb. to knock
ding
root. ding (onomatopoeic)
ektele
noun. spring, issue of water
et-kelē
noun. spring, issue of water
álākō
noun. rush, rushing flight, wild wind
andọl
noun. long pole
balīndore
proper name. balīndore
ednōno
noun. firstborn
edēlā
noun. firstborn, eldest
-b(iy)ē
suffix. -ing
anga
root. iron
angā
noun. angā
arān
noun. arān
atta
cardinal. two
atta
root. two
barathī
feminine name. Spouse of Manwe
ezge
root. rustle, noise of leaves, shade
arʒāndōrē
place name. Dread Land
baryā-
verb. to protect
baryā́-
verb. to protect
dyel
root. feel fear and disgust, abhor
en
root. yonder, over there
skalatirnō̆
noun. fish watcher
tiu̯kā
adjective. thick, fat
etsiri
noun. mouth of a river
initial-s-groups
?. Gnome-realm
angwa
root. snake
aı̯an-
adjective. holy
baran
root. russet, brown
barat
root. *tower
bat
root. tread
battā
verb. trample
battā́
verb. trample
birit
root. BIRIT
dattā
noun. hole, pit
daʒ
root. great
daʒrā
adjective. great, large
dom
root. faint, dim
doron
root. oak
doʒ
root. night
dring
root. beat, strike
edenā
adjective. first
et
root. out, forth
et
preposition. out, forth
eñma
?. eñma
eʒ-
verb. to be
k’lā́
noun. light
lilta
root. dance
rautā
root. copper, metal
yē
root. to be
at(at)
root. again, back, back, again, twice, two
ettul-
verb. to come out
nau̯þe
noun. imagination
oı̯yā
adjective. everlasting
pal
root. wide (open)
ōmat-
verb. to eat away, devour, corrode
ankā
noun. jaw, row of teeth
atakwē
noun. construction, building
barasā́
adjective. hot, burning
bel
root. strong
boron-
verb. boron-
b’randā
adjective. lofty, noble, fine
b’rekta
verb. break out suddenly
b’rethā
noun. beech-mast
b’rittē
noun. broken stones, gravel
ede(l)
root. precede, come forward, hence
k’rikta
verb. reap
n(y)ar
root. tell, relate
turumā́
noun. shield
tyalañgando
noun. harper, harp-player, harper
uñgwē
noun. gloom
endero
masculine name. (?virile) young bridegroom
(a)ranyā
adjective. free, ?uncontrolling
alat
root. large, great in size
oy
root. ever, eternal
ulyā
verb. it is raining
(a)lak
root. swift, rushing
angosse
noun. horror
ayak
root. sharp, pointed
barasā
adjective. hot, burning
bedūina
proper name. *of Spouses
ber
root. valiant
berō
noun. valiant man, warrior
bor(on)
root. endure
dil
root. stop up, fill up hole
niñkwi
adjective. white, pale
eteŋgoldǝ
proper name. eteŋgoldǝ
khalnā́
adjective. noble, exalted
bátā̆
noun. beaten track, pathway
(a)ranı̯ā
adjective. free, ?uncontrolling
akla(r)
root. radiance, splendour
añgosse
noun. horror
dab
root. give way, make room, permit, allow
er
root. be alone, deprived
erekwa
adjective. isolated
es¹
root. indicate, name
geng(wā)
root. sick
mbād-
noun. judgement, sentence
atalat-
verb. slip right down, collapse, fall to ruin
khus
root. up from below ground, to ground level
tuı̯
verb. grow fat, swell?
a
root. intensive prefix
aktō
noun. artificer, maker, wright
ammat-
verb. to devour
auluta-
verb. [unglossed]
ba(n)
root. go, proceed
bal’tār-
proper name. Vala-king
beu̯rō
noun. follower, vassal
dub
root. lie, lie heavy, loom, hang over oppressively (of clouds)
e
root. intensive prefix
e
pronoun. he, she, it
et-kuiwē
noun. awakening
ga
pronoun. indefinite subject
ngalámbe
noun. barbarous speech
eph
root. emerge (especially from water, opp[osite] of dive)
es(et)
root. precede (forward)
alarʒǝ
proper name. very dread
daı̯ō
noun. shade, shadow cast by any object
e mati-the
he eats him (another man)
neŋgǝ
noun. beak, nose
abāro
noun. refuser, one who does not go forth
daiō
noun. shade, shadow cast by any object
at
root. back, again, twice, two
ata
root. father
balā
noun/adjective. powerful, Power, God
ban
root. *beauty
dag
root. dig
dagdā
noun. pit
den
root. hole, gap, passage
gal²
root. grow
gal¹
root. shine
tal
root. foot
tata
root. two
(g)libda
noun. soap
-k’to
suffix. maker, wright
-ndo
verb. agental suffix
adnō
noun. gate
aikwā
adjective. tall, steep
alkwā
noun. swan
amtā
noun. jaws, animal’s mouth
anad
root. *long
anat
root. ANAT
andambundā
adjective. long-snouted
andā
adjective. long
anār
noun. Sun
atar
noun. father
banā
feminine name. Banā
dar
root. stay, wait, stop, remain
dus
root. ?burn
d’rāk
noun. d’rāk
ed(er)
root. open
el
root. star, starry sky
eter
root. open, come out (of flowers/sun/etc.)
ezdē
noun. rest
phal(as)
root. foam
potō
root. animal’s foot
thar
root. across, beyond
ábārō̆
noun. departer, one who goes forth, refuser, one who does not go forth
asmalindē
noun. yellow bird, ‘yellow hammer’
asmalē
noun. yellow bird, ‘yellow hammer’
ailin
noun. pool, lake
arʒā
noun/adjective. dread
bal
root. *power
bar
root. raise, uplift, save, rescue(?)
baradā
adjective. lofty, sublime
barnā
adjective. barnā
besnō
noun. husband
bestā
noun. matrimony
b’rōnā
adjective. b’rōnā
dimbā
adjective. sad, gloomy
dimbē
noun. gloom, sadness
dyelek
root. sword?
g-lisi
noun. honey
ku̯ilẹz
noun. quiet
miw
root. whine
tau̯rā
adjective. masterful, mighty
wā(n)
root. goose
órku
noun. goblin
ū́banō
noun. monster
(a)yan
root. *holy
(e)ned
root. centre, middle
ak
root. narrow, confined
akrā
adjective. narrow
am¹
root. mother
amī̆l
noun. mother
amƀus
noun. breast
bereth
root. beech
danta-
verb. fall
dem
root. sad, gloomy
en
adverb. yonder
gaisrā
adjective. dreadful
law
root. abound
ter(es)
root. pierce
wed-tā
noun/verb. contract
ē¹
root. indeed
al
prefix. without
ar²
root. beside, outside
atyēnar
noun. anniversary day
berékā
adjective. wild
b’radil-
feminine name. b’radil-
b’rássē
noun. heat
daram
root. beat, hew, *[ᴱ√] batter, *thud
earendẹl
proper name. Earendẹl
phéren
noun. beech-tree
syad-ta
noun. axe-stroke
táwārē̆
noun. dryad, spirit of woods (f.)
táwārō̆
noun. dryad, spirit of woods (m.)
ben
root. corner (from inside), angle from inside
khusu
root. up from below ground, to ground level
(l)alam
root. elm-tree
-d
suffix. allative
a-¹
prefix. complete
beurō
noun. follower, vassal
b’rás-sē
noun. heat
eledandore
place name. *Elf-land
l(a)ik
root. keen, sharp, acute
turúmbē
noun. shield
at-yēn-ar
noun. anniversery day
balandore
proper name. balandore
buzbu
root. *large fly
buzbō
noun. large fly
bād-
noun. judgement
dat
root. fall down, fall
edel-
noun. Star-folk, Elf
eled
root. Star-Folk, Elves
yen-rinde
noun. year
ab(ar)
root. refuse, deny, say no, away, go away, depart
ai
adverb. possibility
alakarƀǝ
proper name. very active
mad-lī
noun. honey-eater
la(n)sro-ndo
verb. hearer, listener, eavesdropper
beuyā́-
verb. follow, serve
-ā
suffix. present suffix
-ā
suffix. present suffix
el(ed)
root. star, starry sky, star-folk, Elf
syatsē̆la
noun. broadsword-blade, axe-blade
a-²
prefix. a-²
am²
root. up
ap
root. ?cook
ar¹
root. day
besū
noun. husband and wife, married pair
-bā
suffix. -bā
ala¹
root. *blessed
ari
noun. day
atū
noun. father
dal
root. flat
day
root. shadow
dun
root. dark (of colour)
enek
root. six
ete
adverb. back, below
kub
root. bow
law
root. warm
abar
root. *refuser
aiwē
noun. (small) bird
alar-si
interjection. hail!
asat
root. *dust
bale
noun. Bale
baras
root. *heat
bessē
noun. wife
darak
root. *wolf
duy
root. *flow
esek
root. *sedge, reed
alā́ri
noun. bliss
amba-
adverb. amba-
ambar
noun. ambar
barad
root. BARAD
barath
root. *queen
berek
root. BEREK
beuyā-
verb. follow, serve
bew
root. follow, serveThis root appeared in The Etymologies, with derivatives only in the Telerin and Noldorin languages, making it likely that Quenya did not use this root. Its most notable derivative was the name N. Beor “Vassal”, primogenitor of the House of Beor.
In later writings, Tolkien said that Bëor “signified ‘Vassal’ in the name of his people [that is, in Beorian]” (S/142), indicating that this name was not Sindarin. This calls into question whether √BEW remained valid as a Primitive Elvish root in later writings. It is possible, though, that beor was a loan word into Beorian from Sindarin or Nandorin, so that its Sindarin and Telerin derivatives remained valid.
@@@ Derivatives
epe
preposition. after
eredē
noun. seed
es²
root. *place
farā-
verb. farā-
merek
root. MEREK
doʒmē
noun. doʒmē
bálāre
place name. Bálāre
eled-nil
masculine name. Eled-nil
[y]
?. [y]
bed
root. BED
bedū
noun. bedū
bes
root. wed
eʒ
root. be
* (g)laire
noun. long lay
* finweg
masculine name. Finwe
* eledā
noun. Star-folk, Elf
@@@ GOTH only evident in N. deloth and Gothmog