Quenya 

-na

suffix. slain

A shorter ending -na also occurs, e.g. nahtana "slain" (VT49:24); the example hastaina "marred" would suggest that *nahtaina is equally possible. In the example aistana "blessed" (VT43:30), -na may be preferred to -ina for euphonic reasons, to avoid creating a second diphthong ai where one already occurs in the previous syllable (*aistaina). In PE17:68, the ending -ina is said to be "aorist" (unmarked as regards time and aspect); the same source states that the shorter ending -na is "no longer part of verbal conjugation", though it obviously survives in many words that are maybe now to be considered independent adjectives. See -na #4.

nanca

slain

nanca adj. *"slain" (PE17:68); see -na

nahta-

slay

nahta- (1) verb "slay" (nahtan "I slay"). Possible variant #nehta- see #nehtar. Passive participle nahtana in the phrase nahtana ló Túrin *"slain by Turin". (VT49:24)

nahta-

verb. slay

Quenya [PE 22:102, 114; PE 22:159] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

Sindarin 

dangen

adjective. slain

An adjective for “slain” derived from primitive ✶dankĭna (PE17/133), best known from its (mutated plural) appearance in the name Haudh-en-Ndengin “Hill of Slain” (S/197). N. dangen “slain” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√NDAK “slay” (Ety/NDAK). This adjective is likely the passive participle of the verb dag- “to slay”.

Conceptual Development: A similar adjective ᴱN. danc “killed in battle” appeared in the Early Qenya Phonology of the 1920s, also related to ᴱN. dag- “slay” (PE14/66).

Cognates

  • north S. dachen “slain” ✧ PE17/133

Derivations

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
dankĭna > daŋχen > danghen > dangen[daŋkina] > [daŋkʰina] > [daŋxina] > [daŋxena] > [daŋxen] > [daŋgen]✧ PE17/133
dankĭna > nenghin[daŋkini] > [daŋkʰini] > [daŋxini] > [deŋxini] > [deŋxin] > [deŋgin]✧ PE17/133
Sindarin [PE17/097; PE17/133] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dangen

Western Sindarin

Western Sindarin. >> dancen

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:133] < _danghen_ < Western S. _daŋχen_ < _dankĭna_ slain. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

dag-

verb. to slay, to slay, [ᴱN.] kill

A verb meaning “to slay” derived from the root √NDAK, best known from its passive participle dangen as in Haudh-en-Ndengin “Hill of Slain” (S/197). Tolkien wrote a set of possible past forms aðag, aðanc, aðarch in notes from 1962 (PE17/131), and the verb appeared in its (Noldorin) infinitive form degi “to slay” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√NDAK “slay” (Ety/NDAK), along with another couple of (Noldorin) past forms: danc, degant (EtyAC/NDAK). The verb form ᴱN. (n)dag- “to slay” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/141), but its present form dág was glossed “kills” and in the contemporaneous Early Noldorin Grammar the form dagion was likewise glossed “I kill” (PE13/130). Thus “slay” and “kill” are both viable translations.

Possible Etymology: In notes from around 1962, Tolkien gave ✶dankĭna as the primitive form of its passive participle dangen, indicating a root √DAK rather than √NDAK, which is also consistent with its nasal mutated plural form on that page: {i dengin >>} i nengin (PE17/133). The 1964 past forms aðag and aðanc also seem to indicate derivation from √DAK (PE17/131). In notes from around 1967, however, Tolkien had the mixed mutated form n(d)engin in the phrase i·m(b)air en N(d)engin, indicating √NDAK, and he consistently gave nac- for the equivalent Quenya forms, so the early 1960s flirtation with √DAK seems to have been a transient idea.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume the root is √NDAK, and hence I’d give it the past form ✱annanc “slayed” rather than aðanc.

Cognates

  • Q. nac- “to hew, cut, to hew, cut; [ᴹQ.] to kill, slay; to hate”

Derivations

  • NDAK “hew, slay, slay; hew” ✧ SA/dagor

Element in

  • S. Dagmor “?Slayer of Darkness”
  • S. dagnir “slayer, bane” ✧ PE17/097; SA/dagor
  • S. dangen “slain” ✧ PE17/133

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ndak- > Dag-[ndak-] > [dak-] > [dag-]✧ SA/dagor

Variations

  • Dag- ✧ SA/dagor (Dag-)
Sindarin [PE17/097; PE17/131; PE17/133; SA/dagor] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dag

slain

(passive participle of dag- "slay", but treated almost like a derived noun) dangen (i nangen, o ndangen), pl. dengin (i ndengin; the spelling "in-ndengin" occurs in the Silmarillion). Compare SLAY.

dag

slain

"slay", but treated almost like a derived noun) dangen (i nangen, o ndangen), pl. dengin* (i ndengin*; the spelling "in-ndengin" occurs in the Silmarillion). Compare

dag

slay

dag- (i nâg, i ndegir), pa.t. danc or dagant, passive participle dangen "slain" (pl. dengin, lenited nengin) (VT45:37)

dag

slay

(i nâg, i ndegir), pa.t. danc or dagant, passive participle dangen "slain" (pl. dengin, lenited nengin) (VT45:37)

Primitive elvish

dankĭna

adjective. slain

Derivatives

  • north S. dachen “slain” ✧ PE17/133
  • S. dangen “slain” ✧ PE17/133
Primitive elvish [PE17/133] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ndakta-

verb. to slay

Derivations

  • NDAK “hew, slay, slay; hew” ✧ PE22/156

Derivatives

  • Q. nahta- “to slay; to hurt, injure, wound, to slay, [ᴱQ.] slay cruelly; [Q.] to hurt, injure, wound” ✧ PE22/156

Variations

  • ndakta ✧ PE22/156
Primitive elvish [PE22/156] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

dangen

noun. slain

Noldorin [Ety/375] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dangen

adjective. slain

Derivations

  • ᴹ√(N)DAK “slay” ✧ Ety/NDAK

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NDAK > dangen[ndaŋkina] > [ndaŋkʰina] > [ndaŋxina] > [daŋxina] > [daŋxena] > [daŋxen] > [daŋgen]✧ Ety/NDAK
ᴹ√NDAK > Ndengin[ndaŋkini] > [ndaŋkʰini] > [ndaŋxini] > [daŋxini] > [deŋxini] > [deŋxin] > [deŋgin]✧ Ety/NDAK
Noldorin [Ety/NDAK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dag-

verb. to slay

Noldorin [Ety/375, VT/45:37] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dag-

verb. to slay

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. nak- “to kill, slay; to hate”

Derivations

  • On. ndak- “to slay” ✧ Ety/NDAK
    • ᴹ√(N)DAK “slay” ✧ Ety/NDAK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. ndakie > degi[ndakie] > [dakie] > [dekie] > [deki] > [degi]✧ Ety/NDAK
Noldorin [Ety/NDAK; EtyAC/NDAK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

North sindarin

dachen

adjective. slain

Cognates

  • S. dangen “slain” ✧ PE17/133

Derivations

Element in

North sindarin [PE17/133] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

nahta-

verb. to slay

Derivations

  • ᴹ√(N)DAK “slay” ✧ PE22/102
  • ᴹ✶ndagta- ✧ PE22/115
    • ᴹ√(N)DAK “slay” ✧ PE22/115

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NDAG > nahta-[ndagta-] > [ndakta-] > [nakta-] > [naxta-]✧ PE22/102
Qenya [PE22/093; PE22/102; PE22/104; PE22/114; PE22/115] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

ndak-

verb. to slay

Derivations

  • ᴹ√(N)DAK “slay” ✧ Ety/NDAK

Derivatives

  • N. dag- “to slay” ✧ Ety/NDAK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NDAK > ndakie[ndak-]✧ Ety/NDAK
Old Noldorin [Ety/NDAK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

dak

root. slay

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

(n)dak

root. slay

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶ndagta- ✧ PE22/115
    • ᴹQ. nahta- “to slay” ✧ PE22/115
  • ᴹ✶ndākō “warrior, soldier” ✧ Ety/NDAK
    • On. ndōko “warrior, soldier” ✧ Ety/NDAK
    • N. daug “warrior, soldier (chiefly used of orcs), warrior, soldier [with evil connotations]” ✧ Ety/NDAK
  • ᴹ✶ndak- “will slay thee, I will slay, I will slay thee”
    • ᴹQ. nak- “to kill, slay; to hate” ✧ PE21/65
  • ᴹQ. nak- “to kill, slay; to hate” ✧ PE22/112
  • ᴹQ. nahta- “to slay” ✧ PE22/102
  • ᴹQ. nandakka- “[unglossed]” ✧ PE22/112
  • N. dagra- “to battle” ✧ Ety/NDAK
  • N. dangen “slain” ✧ Ety/NDAK
  • On. ndagno “slain (as noun), corpse” ✧ Ety/NDAK
    • N. daen “corpse” ✧ Ety/NDAK
  • On. ndak- “to slay” ✧ Ety/NDAK
    • N. dag- “to slay” ✧ Ety/NDAK
  • On. ndakro “slaughter, battle” ✧ Ety/NDAK
    • N. dagor “battle” ✧ Ety/NDAK

Element in

  • N. Boldog “Torment-slayer” ✧ Ety/ÑGWAL

Variations

  • NDAK ✧ Ety/ÑGWAL; EtyAC/NAK
  • DAK ✧ EtyAC/DAK
  • NDAG ✧ PE22/102; PE22/115
  • NDAK- ✧ PE22/112
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/NDAK; Ety/ÑGWAL; EtyAC/DAK; EtyAC/NAK; PE22/102; PE22/112; PE22/115] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

dak-

verb. to slay

Derivations

  • ᴱ√DAGA “*slay” ✧ PE14/065

Derivatives

  • En. dag- “to slay, kill” ✧ PE14/066
Early Primitive Elvish [PE14/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maka

root. slay

Derivatives

  • Eq. maka- “to slay; to die” ✧ LT1A/Makar; QL/057
  • Eq. makil “sword, broadsword” ✧ LT1A/Makar; QL/057
  • Eq. makta- “to slay, slaughter” ✧ QL/057
  • Eq. Makar “God of Battle” ✧ GL/18; LT1A/Makar; QL/057
  • Eq. makka “slaughter” ✧ QL/057
  • G. macha “slaughter, battle” ✧ LT1A/Makar
  • G. mactha- “to slay, kill” ✧ LT1A/Makar
  • G. Magron “God of Wars” ✧ LT1A/Makar
  • G. magli “great sword” ✧ LT1A/Makar

Variations

  • Maka- ✧ GL/18 (Maka-)
  • MAKA ✧ LT1A/Makar; LT1A/Telimektar; QL/057
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/18; LT1A/Makar; LT1A/Telimektar; QL/057] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

mak-

verb. to slay