Quenya 

Curufinwë

kurufinwë

Curufinwë (so spelt in Silm; "Kurufinwë" in PM), masc. name *"Skillful Finwë", a name of Fëanor (PM:343); also the origin of the Sindarin name Curufin; Fëanor named his favourite son after himself. Short Quenya name Curvo. (PM:352)

curufinwë

masculine name. *Skilled-Finwë

The father-name of S. Curufin, from which his Sindarin name was derived (MR/217, PM/352). It is a compound of curu “skill” and his grandfather’s name Finwë. The short form of this name was Curvo (PM/352). This name was also the father-name of Curufin’s father, Fëanor (S/63, MR/87).

Cognates

  • S. Curufin “*Skilled-Finwë” ✧ PMI/Curufin; VT41/10

Elements

WordGloss
curu“skill, skill; [ᴱQ.] magic, wizardry”
Finwë

Variations

  • Kurufinwë ✧ PE17/118; PM/343; PMI/Curufin; PMI/Kurufinwë
  • Kurufinwe ✧ PM/352; VT41/10
  • Kurvo ✧ PM/352; PMI/Curufin
  • Curufin(wë) ✧ SA/curu
Quenya [MR/217; MRI/Curufinwë; PE17/039; PE17/118; PM/343; PM/352; PMI/Curufin; PMI/Fëanor; PMI/Kurufinwë; SA/curu; SI/Curufinwë; SI/Fëanor; VT41/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

curu

skill

curu noun "skill" in names like Curufinwë (q.v.) and Sindarin Curufin, Curunir. (SA; possibly the same as curo, curu- above but there was a word curu ["k"] in Tolkien's early "Qenya", glossed "magic, wizardry" [LT1:269]).

curu

noun. skill, skill; [ᴱQ.] magic, wizardry

@@@ more accurately what men would might “magic”, but to the Elves including what is to them ordinary skills such as mental communication and powers of foresight

Cognates

  • S. curu “skill (of the hand), craft; power, ability, skill (of the hand), craft; power, ability; [N.] cunning; [ᴱN.] magic” ✧ SA/curu

Derivations

  • KUR “have power, strength, ability inherent physically or mentally; skill, have power, strength, ability inherent physically or mentally; skill, [ᴹ√] craft”

Element in

  • Q. Curufinwë “*Skilled-Finwë” ✧ SA/curu; SI/Fëanor
  • Q. Curumo “*Skilled-one”
  • ᴺQ. curuni “witch, *sorceress, female magician (not necessarily evil)”
Quenya [SA/curu; SI/Fëanor] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Curvo

curvo

Curvo, see Curufinwë

Návatar

father

Návatar noun a title of Aulë referring to his position as the immediate author of the Dwarvish race, apparently including atar "father", but the first element cannot be related to any known term for "Dwarf" (PM:391 cf. 381)

atar

father

atar noun "father" (SA; WJ:402, UT:193, LT1:255, VT43:37, VT44:12). According to the Etymologies (ATA) the pl. is atari, but contrast #atári in Atanatári "Fathers of Men" (q.v.); possibly the word behaves differently when compounded. Atarinya "my father" (LR:70), atar(inya) the form a child would use addressing his or her father, also reduced to atya (VT47:26). Diminutive masc. name Atarincë ("k") "Little father", amilessë (never used in narrative) of Curufinwë = Curufin (PM:353). Átaremma, Ataremma "our Father" as the first word of the Quenya translation of the Lord's Prayer, written before Tolkien changed -mm- as the marker of 1st person pl. exclusive to -lm-; notice -e- as a connecting vowel before the ending -mma "our". In some versions of the Lord's Prayer, including the final version, the initial a of atar "father" is lengthened, producing #átar. This may be a contraction of *a atar "o Father", or the vowel may be lengthened to give special emphasis to #Átar "Father" as a religious title (VT43:13). However, in VT44:12 Atar is also a vocative form referring to God, and yet the initial vowel remains short.

atar

noun. father

Quenya [PE 22:118] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

atar

noun. father

The Quenya word for “father”, derived from the root √AT(AR) (PM/324; WJ/402; VT48/19).

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. atar “father” dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, though in that document it was “a more solemn word ... usually to 1st Person of the Blessed Trinity”, as opposed to more ordinary ᴱQ. attu “father” (QL/33). In the English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s, ᴱQ. atar was the ordinary word for “father”, but with variant archaic form †attar (PE15/72). ᴹQ. atar “father” reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√ATA of the same meaning (Ety/ATA). It appeared again in the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s in various inflected forms (PE22/118-119). It continued to appear regularly in Tolkien’s later writings. Thus this word was established early and retained its form throughout Tolkien’s life with only minor variations.

Cognates

  • S. adar “father” ✧ PM/324

Derivations

Element in

Variations

  • atar ✧ PM/324; SA/atar; UT/193; VT43/37; WJ/402
  • Atar ✧ VT44/16
Quenya [PM/324; SA/atar; UT/186; UT/193; UT/273; VT43/13; VT43/37; VT44/16; VT47/26; WJ/402] Group: Eldamo. Published by

atto

father, daddy

atto noun "father, daddy" (hypocoristic)(ATA, LR:49), supposedly a word in "actual 'family' use" (VT47:26), also used in children's play for "thumb" and "big toe" (VT47:10, 26, VT48:4, 6). The dual form attat listed in VT48:19 seems to be formed from the alternative form atta, though attat was changed by Tolkien from attot. - Compare atya.

Sindarin 

curufin

masculine name. *Skilled-Finwë

5th son of Fëanor, called “the crafty” (S/60). His Sindarin name is adapted from his Quenya father-name Q. Curufinwë “✱Skilled-Finwë” (MR/217, PM/343). This name is a combination of S. curu “skill” and the Sindarized form S. fin of his grandfather’s name Q. Finwë (VT41/10), also seen in the name S. Finarfin.

Conceptual Development: This character was named G. Curufin when he first appeared earliest Lost Tales, already with the sobriquet “Crafty” (LT2/241). The name N. Curufin appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s as a combination of N. curu “cunning” and a suffixal form of ON. phinya “skillful” (Ety/KUR, PHIN). The derivation from his Quenya name did not emerge until after Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (MR/217).

Cognates

Elements

WordGloss
curu“skill (of the hand), craft; power, ability, skill (of the hand), craft; power, ability; [N.] cunning; [ᴱN.] magic”
fin“Finwë”
Sindarin [MRI/Curufin; PM/352; PMI/Curufin; SI/Curufin; UTI/Curufin; VT41/10; WJI/Curufin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

adar

noun. father

Sindarin [Ety/349, PM/324, MR/373, LotR/II:II, VT/44:21-22] Group: SINDICT. Published by

adar

noun. father

The Sindarin word for “father”, derived from the root √AT(AR) (PM/324; VT44/21-22; VT48/19).

Conceptual Development: N. adar “father” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√ATA of the same meaning (Ety/ATA). In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, however, G. †ador “father” was marked as archaic, and it seems {athon >>} G. nathon was the ordinary word for ”father” (GL/17, 59).

Cognates

  • Q. atar “father” ✧ PM/324

Derivations

Element in

Variations

  • Adar ✧ VT44/22
Sindarin [PM/324; VT44/22; VT48/17] Group: Eldamo. Published by

atheg

noun. "litte father"

Sindarin [VT/48:6,17] Group: SINDICT. Published by

atheg

noun. thumb (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)

Sindarin [VT/48:6,17] Group: SINDICT. Published by

curu

skill

curu (i guru, o churu) (cunning, cunning device, craft), pl. cyry (i chyry). Archaic *curw, hence the coll. pl. is likely curwath. (VT45:24)

curu

skill

(i guru, o churu) (cunning, cunning device, craft), pl. cyry (i chyry). Archaic ✱curw, hence the coll. pl. is likely curwath. (VT45:24)

ada

father

(pl. edai)

adar

father

adar (pl. edair);

adar

father

(pl. edair);

adanadar

father of men

normally pl. Edenedair "Fathers of Men", the early Edain.

Telerin 

atta

noun. father

Cognates

  • Q. atto “daddy, father (familiar/family)” ✧ VT48/06

Element in

  • T. attacë “father [diminutive]; *daddy” ✧ VT48/06

Adûnaic

attô

noun. father

A noun for “father” (SD/434). Tolkien gave two forms of this word, attû and attô, with no indication as to which would be preferred. For reasons similar to those given in the entry for ammê “mother”, my guess is that attû is an archaic form, and attô was preferred by the time of Classical Adûnaic. This word is probably related to the Elvish root √AT(AR) “father”, perhaps from Primitive Elvish ᴹ✶atū.

Derivations

Variations

  • attū/attō ✧ SD/434

Primitive elvish

at(ar)

root. father

As the basis for “father” words, √AT and its extended form √ATAR date all the way back to Tolkien’s earliest ideas. The root itself did not explicitly appear in the Qenya or Gnomish Lexicons of the 1910s, but forms like ᴱQ. atar, G. †ador “father” indicate its presence (QL/33; GL/17). The root ᴹ√ATA “father” did appear in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives ᴹQ. atar, N. adar (Ety/ATA) and the base √AT(AR) “father” was mentioned again in late 1960s notes on Eldarin Hands, Fingers and Numerals (VT48/19). In this late period, the Elvish words for “father” remained Q. atar and S. adar (PM/324).

Derivatives

  • Ad. attô “father”
  • atar “father”
  • Q. atto “daddy, father (familiar/family)” ✧ VT48/19
  • Q. tata “*daddy”

Element in

  • Q. atamir “heirloom”
  • Q. atya “daddy, (my) father” ✧ VT48/19
  • S. advir “heirloom”

Variations

  • at/atar ✧ VT48/19
Primitive elvish [VT48/19] Group: Eldamo. Published by

atar

noun. father

Derivations

Derivatives

Variations

  • atan ✧ PE21/71; PE21/83
  • átar ✧ PE21/74; PE21/75; PE21/76
  • atta ✧ PE21/83
  • atto ✧ PE21/83
Primitive elvish [PE21/71; PE21/74; PE21/75; PE21/76; PE21/77; PE21/83] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

adar

noun. father

Noldorin [Ety/349, PM/324, MR/373, LotR/II:II, VT/44:21-22] Group: SINDICT. Published by

adar

noun. father

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. atar “father” ✧ Ety/ATA

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶atar “father” ✧ Ety/ATA
    • ᴹ√ATA “father” ✧ Ety/ATA

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶atar > adar[atar] > [adar]✧ Ety/ATA
ᴹ✶atar > edeir > eder[atarī] > [atari] > [eteri] > [eteir] > [edeir] > [eder]✧ Ety/ATA

ada

noun. father, daddy

Noldorin [Ety/349] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

atar

noun. father

Cognates

  • N. adar “father” ✧ Ety/ATA
  • Ilk. adar “father” ✧ Ety/ATA

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶atar “father” ✧ Ety/ATA
    • ᴹ√ATA “father” ✧ Ety/ATA

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶atar > atar[atar]✧ Ety/ATA
Qenya [Ety/ATA; LR/061; PE22/018; PE22/046; PE22/047; PE22/118; PE22/119] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

adar

noun. father

The Ilkorin word for “father” derived from primitive ᴹ✶atar[ă], also attested in its plural form edrin (Ety/ATA). It is identical to its Noldorin cognate N. adar having undergone similar phonetic changes from its primitive form, possibly ✱✶atară.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. atar “father” ✧ Ety/ATA

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶atar “father” ✧ Ety/ATA
    • ᴹ√ATA “father” ✧ Ety/ATA

Element in

  • Ilk. adda “father (hypocoristic)” ✧ Ety/ATA

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶atar > adar[atara] > [atar] > [adar]✧ Ety/ATA
Doriathrin [Ety/ATA] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

phinde

noun. skill

Derivations

  • ᴹ√PHIN “nimbleness, skill” ✧ Ety/PHIN

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√PHIN > phinde[pʰinde] > [ɸinde]✧ Ety/PHIN
Old Noldorin [Ety/PHIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

ata

root. father

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶atar “father” ✧ Ety/ATA
    • Ilk. adar “father” ✧ Ety/ATA
    • ᴹQ. atar “father” ✧ Ety/ATA
    • N. adar “father” ✧ Ety/ATA
  • ᴹ✶atū “father” ✧ Ety/ATA
    • ᴹQ. atto “father (hypocoristic)” ✧ Ety/ATA
  • N. ada “father (hypocoristic), father (hypocoristic), [G.] daddy” ✧ Ety/ATA
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ATA] Group: Eldamo. Published by

atar

noun. father

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ATA “father” ✧ Ety/ATA

Derivatives

  • Ilk. adar “father” ✧ Ety/ATA
  • ᴹQ. atar “father” ✧ Ety/ATA
  • N. adar “father” ✧ Ety/ATA

Variations

  • at(t)ā̆r ✧ PE21/66
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ATA; PE21/66] Group: Eldamo. Published by

atū

noun. father

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ATA “father” ✧ Ety/ATA

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. atto “father (hypocoristic)” ✧ Ety/ATA
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ATA] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

finwi

noun. skill

fimli

noun. skill

Changes

  • finwethfinwi ✧ GL/35

Element in

Variations

  • finwi ✧ GL/35
  • finweth ✧ GL/35 (finweth)
Gnomish [GL/28; GL/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ador

noun. father

Cognates

  • Eq. atar “father”

Derivations

bâb

noun. father

A word for “father” in the Gnomish Lexicon Slips (PE13/111). In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s itself, G. babi or baba was “mummy, mamma” (GL/21, 57). As pointed out by Gilson, Welden, Hostetter and Wynne, there is a complementary change of {nân “father” >>} G. nân “mother” elsewhere in the Gnomish Lexicon Slips (PE13/115).

nathon

noun. father

Element in

  • G. nathanwi “fatherhood” ✧ GL/17 (athonri); GL/59

Variations

  • athon ✧ GL/17 (athon)
Gnomish [GL/17; GL/59] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

atar

noun. father

Cognates

  • G. ador “father”

Derivations

Element in

  • Eq. Ainatar “God, (lit.) Holy Father”
  • Eq. Ilúvatar “Heavenly Father, Sky-father; Lord for Always” ✧ LT1A/Ilúvatar

Variations

  • attar ✧ PE15/72 (attar)
  • Atar ✧ QL/033
Early Quenya [LT1A/Ilúvatar; PE14/077; PE15/72; PE15/76; PME/033; QL/033] Group: Eldamo. Published by

atto

noun. father

attu

noun. father

Derivations

Variations

  • atto ✧ PE16/135
  • tatto ✧ PE16/135
Early Quenya [PE16/135; PME/033; QL/033] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tatto

noun. father