mûs

noun. cow

A word for “cow” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with deleted variant {mui}, a feminine form of G. mû “ox” (GL/58).

gach

noun. milch cow

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as {gacha “cow” >>} G. gach “a milch cow”, cognate to ᴱQ. yakse of the same meaning (GL/36), which was derived from the early root ᴱ√Ẏak “a head of cattle” (QL/105).

Neo-Sindarin: I would retain this word in Neo-Sindarin as ᴺS. gach “cow” (< ✱gyaksē) based on the Neo-Root ᴺ√GYAK, with the sound changes (a) gy- &gt; g- and (b) ks &gt; ch.

cam(m)a-

verb. to stoop, bend, bow, cower; to submit

A verb appearing as {camba- >>} G. cam(m)a- in the Gnomish Lexicon (GL) of the 1910s with glosses “stoop, bend, bow, cower - submit” (GL/25), probably based on the early root ᴱ√KAẆA “stoop” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/45). Beneath it was a deleted verb {G. cav-} “to bend”. This deleted verb reappeared later in GL, with the glosses “to bend, make stoop” and its second appearance was also deleted (GL/25). Beneath its second deletion was a verb G. cavra- that Tolkien said was equivalent to camba-; an earlier entry for cavra- was glossed “stoop, cower”, but the glossed entry for cavra- was deleted.

Neo-Sindarin: In Tolkien’s later writings the roots √KAW and √KAM had different meanings, so I don’t think any of these early verbs can be salvaged. I would instead use the neologism ᴺS. logra- “to stoop, bow, cower; to submit” based on the later root √LOK “bend”, a neologism I coined in 2018.

mûst

noun. byre, cowhouse

A word appearing as G. mûst “byre, cowhouse” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of G. mû “ox” and ost “enclosure” (GL/58). Tolkien wrote ŭ in parenthesis after this word, perhaps indicating the proper form should be mŭst, since a long vowel before a cluster like st is very peculiar.

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this word as ᴺS. munnost, using the later word S. mund as its initial element.

camba-

verb. to stoop, cower

cavra-

verb. to stoop, cower

yaksi

noun. cow

The noun ᴱQ. yaksi “cow” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√Ẏak “a head of cattle” (QL/105). The contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon also had ᴱQ. yaksi, but this form was deleted and ᴱQ. yakse was given as the cognate of G. gach “milch cow” (GL/36).

Conceptual Development: In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, the word for “cow” was ᴱQ. mui (PE16/132), likely related to G. mûs “cow” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s which had a deleted variant {mui} (GL/58). This probable relationship was suggested by Patrick Wynne and Christopher Gilson (PE16/132).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. yaxë from the Neo-Root ᴺ√GYAK; Helge Fauskanger used this word for “cow” in his NQNT (NQNT).

mui

noun. cow

yakse

noun. cow

kaẇa

root. stoop