calf

noun. water-vessel

A noun appearing as N. calf “water-vessel” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√KALPA of the same meaning (Ety/KALPA). The same word appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, but had the form and gloss G. calph “bucket” (GL/25).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use the spelling ᴺS. calph to make the pronunciation clear, as suggested in HSD (HSD), since final f is generally pronounced [v] in Sindarin. Given its generic gloss “water-vessel”, I would use this word for any larger vessel for holding or carrying water.

Cognates

• ᴹQ. kalpa “water-vessel, bucket” ✧ Ety/KALPA

Derivations

• ᴹ√KALPA “water-vessel” ✧ Ety/KALPA

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√KALPA > calf	[kalpa] > [kalpʰa] > [kalɸa] > [kalfa] > [kalf]	✧ Ety/KALPA

calf

noun. water-vessel