Quenya 

caila

lying in bed, bedridden, sickness

caila ("k")adj.(and noun???) "lying in bed, bedridden, sickness" (KAY, VT45:19). It may be that the gloss "sickness" applies only to the "Noldorin"/Sindarin form cael listed before Quenya caila, since cael could be both an adjective and a noun (the ancient adjective kailā "bedridden" merging with the noun kailē "sickness"). In Quenya the form caila < *_kailā _would probably be an adjective only.

caimassë

lying in bed, sickness

caimassë ("k")noun "lying in bed, sickness" (KAY)

caima

bed

caima ("k")noun "bed" (KAY)

quámë

sickness

quámë ("q")noun "sickness" (KWAM), "sickness, nausea" (QL:76). Earlier material also gives quámë as the past tense of the related verb quama- "vomit, be sick".

lívë

sickness

lívë noun "sickness" (SLIW). Since Tolkien eventually decided that roots in sl- yield Quenya words in hl- (though this was pronounced l- in late Exilic Quenya), it may be that the spelling *hlívë is to be preferred.

Sindarin 

lhîw

noun. sickness

Sindarin [Ety/386, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

cael

sickness

(i gael, o chael) (lying in bed). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael)

cael

lying in bed

(noun) cael (sickness) (i gael, o chael). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael).

cael

lying in bed

(noun) cael (sickness) (i gael, o chael). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael).

cael

lying in bed

(sickness) (i gael, o chael). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael).

cael

lying in bed

(sickness) (i gael, o chael). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael).

caeleb

bedridden

(sick), lenited gaeleb, pl. caelib

lhîw

sickness

1) *lhîw (?i thlîw or ?i lîw the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (disease), no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i lîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thliw, fliw. 2) cael (i gael, o chael) (lying in bed). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael), 3) paw (i baw), pl. poe (i phoe). various related terms (no Sindarin word simply meaning ”side” is known):

lhîw

sickness

(?i thlîw or ?i lîw – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (disease), no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i lîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thliw, fliw.

paw

sickness

(i baw), pl. poe (i phoe).

haust

bed

(etymologically ”resting”) haust (i chaust, o chaust), pl. hoest (i choest), coll. pl. hostath.

haust

bed

(i chaust, o chaust), pl. hoest (i choest), coll. pl. hostath.

Noldorin 

cael

noun. lying in bed, sickness

Noldorin [Ety/363] Group: SINDICT. Published by

cael

adjective. lying in bed, bedridden, sickness, lying in bed, sickness, bedridden

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “lying in bed, bedridden, sickness” derived from the root ᴹ√KAY “lie down” (Ety/KAY). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road (LR/363) the glosses were “lying in bed, sickness”, but in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne indicated that gloss “bedridden” appeared between “lying in bed” and “sickness” (EtyAC/KAL).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume cael is the noun (= “lying in bed, sickness”) and N. caeleb “bedridden, sick” is the adjective.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. kaila “lying in bed, bedridden; sickness, lying in bed, *abed, bedridden; sickness” ✧ Ety/KAY
  • ᴹQ. kaimasse “lying in bed, sickness, sickness, (lit.) lying in bed” ✧ Ety/KAY

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KAY “lie (down)” ✧ Ety/KAY

Element in

  • N. caeleb “bedridden, sick” ✧ Ety/KAY

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KAY > cael[kajla] > [kaila] > [kail] > [kael]✧ Ety/KAY

fliw

noun. sickness

Noldorin [Ety/386, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fliw

noun. sickness

A noun appearing as N. fliw “sickness” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from ON. thlīwe < ᴹ✶slīwē under the root ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” (Ety/SLIW). The ancient initial sl became thl which was the usual sound change in (Old) Noldorin, and then this thl became fl, a less common Noldorin sound change. There was also a deleted variant of this root: ᴹ√LIW, where Tolkien had lhîw “disease” with the usual unvoicing of initial l in Noldorin (EtyAC/LIW).

Neo-Sindarin: In Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s, initial sl became lh instead of thl, so most Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this word as ᴺS. lhîw, as suggested by Hiswelókë’s Sindarin Dictionary (HSD). Based on the deleted variant of the root, I would use the word lhîw for both “sickness” and “disease”, both within a body and independent of it.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. líve “sickness” ✧ Ety/SLIW; EtyAC/LIW

Derivations

  • On. thlīwe “sickness” ✧ Ety/SLIW
    • ᴹ✶slīwē “sickness” ✧ Ety/SLIW
    • ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” ✧ Ety/SLIW
  • ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” ✧ EtyAC/LIW

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. thlīwe > thliw > fliw[θlīwe] > [θlīw] > [θliw] > [fliw]✧ Ety/SLIW

Variations

  • lhîw ✧ EtyAC/LIW (lhîw)
Noldorin [Ety/SLIW; EtyAC/LIW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

paw

noun. sickness

Noldorin [Ety/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

paw

noun. sickness, sickness, *illness, ailment

A noun for “sickness” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KWAM (Ety/KWAM). For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume it can apply to general illness and ailment as well.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. côma {“disease, pestilence, sickness” >>} “disease, illness” (GL/26), related to ᴱQ. qáme “sickness, nausea” and thus based on the early root ᴱ√QAMA (QL/76). This became ᴱN. côm in the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s (PE13/123) and then {cóm >>} ᴱN. pau “sickness” in Early Noldorin Word-lists a bit later in this period, still cognate to ᴱQ. qāme (PE13/140, 152). The new form reflected changes in Noldorin’s phonetic developments: kw &gt; p and ā &gt; au instead of earlier (Gnomish) ā &gt; ō and kwo &gt; ko. These Gnomish sound changes were allocated to Ilkorin in the 1930s: see Ilk. côm “sickness”, also from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/KWAM).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. qáme “sickness, sickness, [ᴱQ.] nausea” ✧ Ety/KWAM

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KWAM “*sick” ✧ Ety/KWAM

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KWAM > paw[kwāme] > [pāme] > [pǭme] > [poume] > [paume] > [paum] > [pauv] > [pau]✧ Ety/KWAM
Noldorin [Ety/KWAM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thliw

noun. sickness

Noldorin [Ety/386, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

haust

noun. bed

Noldorin [Ety/364] "resting". Group: SINDICT. Published by

haust

noun. bed

A word for “bed” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶khau̯-stā “rest-ing” under the root ᴹ√KHAW “rest, lie at ease” (Ety/KHAW; EtyAC/KHAW).

Conceptual Development: A similar form G. haus “bed” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s based on G. hau- “to lie” (GL/48).

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KHAW “rest, lie at ease” ✧ Ety/KHAW
  • ᴹ✶khaustā “rest-ing” ✧ Ety/KHAW

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶khau̯-stā > haust[kʰaustā] > [kʰausta] > [kʰǭsta] > [xǭsta] > [xousta] > [xausta] > [xaust] > [haust]✧ Ety/KHAW
Noldorin [Ety/KHAW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

qáme

noun. sickness, sickness, [ᴱQ.] nausea

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sickness” under the root ᴹ√KWAM (Ety/KWAM). ᴱQ. qáme also appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with the glosses “sickness, nausea” under the early root ᴱ√QAMA (QL/76).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would assume this noun applies mainly to stomach illnesses and nausea, as opposed to general sickness which would be [ᴺQ.] hlívë.

Cognates

  • N. paw “sickness, sickness, *illness, ailment” ✧ Ety/KWAM
  • Ilk. côm “sickness” ✧ Ety/KWAM

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KWAM “*sick” ✧ Ety/KWAM

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KWAM > qáme[kwāme]✧ Ety/KWAM

kaimasse

noun. lying in bed, sickness, sickness, (lit.) lying in bed

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s apparently referring to “sickness” from the original sense of “lying in bed”, an abstract or locative form of ᴹQ. kaima “bed” (Ety/KAY).

Cognates

  • N. cael “lying in bed, bedridden, sickness, lying in bed, sickness, bedridden” ✧ Ety/KAY

Element in

  • ᴹQ. kaimassea “bedridden, sick, bedridden, sick, [ᴱQ.] confined to bed, a-bed” ✧ Ety/KAY

Elements

WordGloss
kaima“bed, bed, [ᴱQ.] couch”
-sse“abstract noun”

líve

noun. sickness

A noun appearing as ᴹQ. líve “sickness” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶slīwē under the root ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” (Ety/SLIW). The ancient initial sl became voiceless hl, which was then voiced to l as was generally the case in The Etymologies. The root had a deleted variant ᴹ√LIW “be sickly, ill”, where líve appeared with the gloss “disease” (EtyAC/LIW).

Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writing, he usually retained hl- in spelling if not pronunciation; see the entry on how initial voiceless nasals and liquids were voiced for discussion. As such, most Neo-Quenya writers adapt this word as ᴺQ. hlívë. Given the gloss “disease” for its deleted form, I would further assume hlívë specifically refers to sickness by disease.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had the word ᴱQ. leume “sickness” under the similar but earlier root ᴱ√LEẆE (QL/53).

Cognates

  • On. thlīwe “sickness” ✧ Ety/SLIW
  • N. fliw “sickness” ✧ Ety/SLIW; EtyAC/LIW

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶slīwē “sickness” ✧ Ety/SLIW
    • ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” ✧ Ety/SLIW
  • ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” ✧ EtyAC/LIW

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶slīwē > líve[slīwē] > [l̥īwē] > [līwē] > [līwe] > [līve]✧ Ety/SLIW

Variations

  • líwe ✧ EtyAC/LIW (líwe)
Qenya [Ety/SLIW; EtyAC/LIW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kaima

noun. bed, bed, [ᴱQ.] couch

A noun for “bed” in The Etymologies from around 1937 under the root ᴹ√KAY “lie down” (Ety/KAY).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, ᴱQ. kaima was glossed “couch” under the early root ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell” (QL/46) and ᴱQ. kamba was glossed “bed” under the early root ᴱ√KAMA “lie down” (QL/44). However, ᴱQ. kaima was “bed” in the English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s (PE15/70). The form kaimas appeared unglossed in The Feanorian Alphabet of the 1930s (PE22/19), possibly an inflected form of kaima “bed”.

Cognates

  • N. caew “lair, resting-place” ✧ Ety/KAY

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KAY “lie (down)” ✧ Ety/KAY

Element in

  • ᴹQ. kaimasan “bedchamber”
  • ᴹQ. kaimasse “lying in bed, sickness, sickness, (lit.) lying in bed” ✧ Ety/KAY

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KAY > kaima[kaima]✧ Ety/KAY
Qenya [Ety/KAY; PE22/019] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

côm

noun. sickness

A noun meaning “sickness” (Ety/KWAM). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. qáme indicates a primitive form ✱✶kwāmē, so this word is an example of how [[ilk|initial [kwo] became [ko]]] after the primitive vowel [[ilk|[ā] became [ō]]]. Both these developments were noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/côm).

Conceptual Development: This word is nearly identical to earlier Gnomish côma “disease, illness” before Tolkien revised the phonological history of the Noldorin language so that [[on|[kw] became [p]]].

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. qáme “sickness, sickness, [ᴱQ.] nausea” ✧ Ety/KWAM

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KWAM “*sick” ✧ Ety/KWAM

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KWAM > côm[kwāmē] > [kwāme] > [kwōme] > [kōme] > [kōm]✧ Ety/KWAM
Doriathrin [Ety/KWAM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

thlīwe

noun. sickness

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. líve “sickness” ✧ Ety/SLIW

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶slīwē “sickness” ✧ Ety/SLIW
    • ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” ✧ Ety/SLIW

Derivatives

  • N. fliw “sickness” ✧ Ety/SLIW

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶slīwē > slīwe > thlīwe[slīwē] > [slīwe] > [θlīwe]✧ Ety/SLIW

Variations

  • thlíwe ✧ EtyAC/SLIW
Old Noldorin [Ety/SLIW; EtyAC/SLIW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

slīwē

noun. sickness

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” ✧ Ety/SLIW

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. líve “sickness” ✧ Ety/SLIW
  • On. thlīwe “sickness” ✧ Ety/SLIW
    • N. fliw “sickness” ✧ Ety/SLIW
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/SLIW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bed

root. BED

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶bedū ✧ Ety/LEP
  • N. bess “woman; †wife” ✧ Ety/NĪ¹; EtyAC/NDIS

Variations

  • BES ✧ EtyAC/NĪ¹
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/LEP; Ety/NĪ¹; EtyAC/NDIS; EtyAC/NĪ¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kaima

noun. bed

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KAY “lie (down)”

Element in

  • ᴹQ. kaimasan “bedchamber” ✧ PE21/17

Variations

  • kaı̯mā ✧ PE21/17
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/17] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

haus

noun. bed

Derivations

  • ᴱ√HAWA ✧ GL/48

Element in

  • G. hauthwaid “consort, wife or husband” ✧ GL/48
  • G. hauthwais “matrimony, conjugal rights” ✧ GL/48

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√haw- > haus[xaus] > [haus]✧ GL/48

Early Noldorin

côm

noun. sickness

Variations

  • cóm ✧ PE13/140 (cóm)
Early Noldorin [PE13/123; PE13/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pau

noun. sickness

Cognates

  • Eq. qáme “sickness, nausea” ✧ PE13/152
Early Noldorin [PE13/152] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

leume

noun. sickness

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LEẆE “*sick” ✧ QL/053

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√LEẆE > leume[lewɣʷē] > [leɣʷme] > [lewme] > [leume]✧ QL/053
Early Quenya [QL/053] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kamba

noun. bed

Derivations

  • ᴱ√KAMA “lie down” ✧ QL/044

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√KAMA > kamba[kambā] > [kamba]✧ QL/044
Early Quenya [QL/044] Group: Eldamo. Published by