cuivië

awakening

cuivië noun "awakening" (early "Qenya" coivië, q.v., but this word Tolkien later used = *"life"). In Cuiviénen, "Water of Awakening" (SA:cuivië, SA:nen, KUY; spelt with a k_ in the Etymologies). Somewhat surprisingly, cuivië is used to mean "life" in cuivie-lancassë ("k"), literally 'on the brink of life' ("of a perilous situation in which one is likely to fall into death") (VT42:8)_ The form coivië is used for "life" elsewhere.

cuivië

noun. awakening

A word for “awakening”, most notably an element in the word Cuiviénen “Water of Awakening” (S/48). It was derived from the root √KUY (Ety/KUY). In a few places it appeared as kuive instead (PE17/68; Ety/KUY).

Conceptual Development: The earliest form for “Waters of Awakening” was ᴱQ. Koivie-néni (LT1/85), and ᴱQ. koivie was glossed as “awakening” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/48). It was glossed “liveliness” in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, however, and ᴱQ. qîvie was “awakening” (GL/29).

Element in

• Q. Cuiviénen “Water of Awakening” ✧ SA/cuivië
• Q. Cuivienyarna “Legend of the Awakening [of the Quendi]” ✧ WJ/420

Elements

Word	Gloss
KUY	“awake; live, awake; live, [ᴹ√] come to life”
-vë	“abstract noun, adverb”

Variations

• kuive ✧ PE17/068
• cuivië ✧ SA/cuivië
• Cuivie ✧ WJ/420

cuivë

awakening

cuivë ("k")noun "awakening" (KUY)

cuivë

noun. awakening

coivië

noun. life, life, [ᴱQ.] liveliness; awakening

The usual word for “life” in Tolkien’s later writings based on the root √KOY (NM/84, 119; VT49/42), in one place appearing with the variant koive (PE17/68). In another place Tolkien instead used kuivie for “life” in the phrase kuivie-lankasse “on the brink of life”, reflecting Tolkien’s ongoing vacillation between √KOY and √KUY as the root for life.

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. koivie was “awakening” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/48) as reflected in the name ᴱQ. Koivie-néni “Waters of Awakening” from this period (QL/48), but the word was glossed “liveliness” in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/29). The noun for “life, being alive” was ᴹQ. kuile in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KUY “come to life, awake” (Ety/KUY), but was usually coivie in Tolkien’s writings from the 1950s and 60s, as noted above.

Neo-Quenya: I prefer √KOY as the root for “life” for purposes of Neo-Eldarin, so I’d use coivie as the noun “life, liveliness”, and use cuivië for “awakening” as seen in the later form of the name Q. Cuiviénen “Water of Awakening” (S/48).

Derivations

• √KOY “*live, have life, [ᴹ√] live, have life”

Element in

• ᴺQ. coivenqua “lively, vibrant, vivacious, (lit.) full of life”
• Q. cuivië-lancassë “on the brink of life” ✧ VT42/08
• Q. nai amanya onnalya ter coivierya “*may your (sg.) child be blessed throughout his/her life” ✧ VT49/42
• Q. nai calambar onnalda ter coivierya “*may your (pl.) child be light-fated throughout his/her life” ✧ VT49/42

Variations

• koive ✧ PE17/068
• koivie ✧ PE17/068
• kuivie ✧ VT42/08

cuilë

life, being alive

cuilë ("k")noun "life, being alive" (KUY)

coina

alive

coina _("k")_adj. "alive" (LT1:257; Tolkien's later Quenya also has cuina, though coina may still be a valid word: properly, the root of words for "life" is coi- rather than cui-, the latter referring to "awakening" instead)

cuina

alive

cuina ("k")adj. "alive" (KUY). See coina.

coi

life

coi ("k")"life" (LT1:257; in Tolkien's later Quenya cuilë)

coivië

life

coivië _("k")_noun "life" (coivierya, *"his/her life", VT49:41, 42). In early material, the word is glossed "awakening" instead (LT1:257; in LotR-style Quenya cuivië, as in Cuiviénen)

coivë

noun. life

cuivië

noun. life

echui

noun. awakening

echui

noun. awakening

A noun for “awakening”, most notably in Nen Echui “Water of Awakening” (SA/cuivië, LR/406). It appeared as N. echui(w) “awakening” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶et-kuiwē under the root ᴹ√KUY “come to life, awake” (Ety/KUY).

Conceptual Development: The earliest name for the “Waters of Awakening” was G. Nenin a Gwivros from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, and in that document G. cwivros “awakening” appeared as a noun form of G. cwivra- “awaken (intr.)” (GL/29). ᴱN. {cuibros >>} cuivros “awakening” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/141) before the word became echui(w) in The Etymologies of the 1930s, as noted above.

Derivations

• √KUY “awake; live, awake; live, [ᴹ√] come to life”

Element in

• S. echuir “early Spring, (lit.) stirring”
• ᴺS. mornechui “coffee”
• S. Nen Echui “Water of Awakening” ✧ SA/cuivië

echui

awakening

echui (echuiw). No distinct pl. form. Coll. pl. echuiwath.

echui

awakening

(echuiw). No distinct pl. form. Coll. pl. echuiwath.

cuin

alive

cuin (lenited guin; no distinct pl. form).

cuin

alive

(lenited guin; no distinct pl. form).

cuina

be alive

(i guina, i chuinar)

cuil

life

cuil (i guil, o chuil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chuil)

cuil

life

(i guil, o chuil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chuil)

echui

noun. awakening

echui(w)

noun. awakening

Cognates

• ᴹQ. kuivie “awakening” ✧ Ety/KUY

Derivations

• ᴹ✶et-kuiwē “awakening” ✧ Ety/KUY
  • ᴹ√KUY “come to life, awake” ✧ Ety/KUY

Element in

• N. echuir “early Spring, (lit.) stirring”
• N. Nen Echui “Water of Awakening” ✧ Ety/KUY

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶et-kuiwē > echui(w)	[etkuiwē] > [ekkuiwē] > [ekkuiwe] > [ekkʰuiwe] > [exxuiwe] > [exxuiw] > [exxui] > [exui]	✧ Ety/KUY

echuiw

noun. awakening

cuin

adjective. alive

cuin

adjective. alive

An adjective for “alive” in The Etymologies of the 1930s based on the root ᴹ√KUY “come to life, awake” (Ety/KUY).

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien had G. cuib “alive” (GL/27) and in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien had ᴱN. cuif (cuiv-) “alive” (PE13/141).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. kuina “alive” ✧ Ety/KUY

Derivations

• ᴹ√KUY “come to life, awake” ✧ Ety/KUY

Element in

• ᴺS. cuinas “vitality, liveliness”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√KUY > cuin	[kujna] > [kuina] > [kuin]	✧ Ety/KUY

cuina-

verb. to be alive

cuil

noun. life, life, [G.] lifetime

A noun for “life” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KUY “come to life, awake” (Ety/KUY).

Conceptual Development: This word dates back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, where Tolkien clarified that G. cuil “life” was “usually [the] quality of being alive, but [was] also used = lifetime” (GL/27). ᴱN. cuil “life” also appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/141).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. kuile “life, being alive” ✧ Ety/KUY

Derivations

• ᴹ√KUY “come to life, awake” ✧ Ety/KUY

Element in

• ᴺS. cuileb “lively, alive”
• ᴺS. cuilvorn “lifetime”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√KUY > cuil	[kujle] > [kuile] > [kuil]	✧ Ety/KUY

cuil

noun. life