Quenya 

ango

noun. dragon

Quenya [PE 22:124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ango

snake

ango noun "snake"; stem angu- as in angulócë (q.v.); pl. angwi (ANGWA/ANGU)

lango

throat

[lango (3) noun "throat"] (Tolkien also listed the plural form langwi_; in the _Etymologies as printed in LR, Christopher Tolkien improperly prefixed an asterisk as if it were an primitive or wrong form; see VT45:26. This indicates that lango has the stem-form *langu-. Compare ango "snake", stem #angu-, pl. angwi. But whatever the case, lango was changed to lanco.) (LANG, see LANK)

langon

throat

langon noun "throat" (MC:216; this is "Qenya", possibly an inflected form of lango #2 above but Tolkien changed it to lanco)

lanco

throat, swallow

lanco ("k")noun "throat, swallow" _(LAK1 , LANK). _Since this was changed by Tolkien from lango with stem *langu- and pl. langwi, it may be that lanco* should similarly have the stem lancu**- and pl. *lanqui.

angulócë

dragon

angulócë noun("k") "dragon" (LOK)

fenumë

dragon

fenumë noun "dragon" (LT2:341 but lócë is the normal word in LotR-style Quenya)

indyo

grandchild, descendant

indyo noun "grandchild, descendant" (ÑGYŌ/ÑGYON - read *inyo in Noldorin Quenya, which dialect changed ndy to ny? Cf. Quenya for Quendya.) In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, indyo was also the name of tengwa #17 with overposed dots to indicate following y (VT46:4), the whole symbol having the value ndy.

leuca

snake

leuca (1) noun "snake" (Appendix E)

leuca

noun. snake

The best known Quenya word for “snake”, appearing in Appendix E of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1115). In 1964 notes on Dalath Dirnen (DD), Tolkien said it was derived from the root √LEWEK “worm” (PE17/160).

Cognates

  • S. lŷg “snake” ✧ LotR/1115; PE17/121; PE17/160

Derivations

  • √LEWEK “worm” ✧ PE17/160

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√LEWEK > leuka[leuka]✧ PE17/160

Variations

  • leuka ✧ PE17/160
Quenya [LotR/1115; PE17/121; PE17/160] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lócë

dragon, snake, serpent, drake

lócë ("k")noun "dragon, snake, serpent, drake", older hlócë _("k")(SA:lok-, LT2:340, LOK; in the Etymologies the word is followed by "-ī", whatever that is supposed to mean)_

hlócë

snake, serpent

hlócë ("k")noun "snake, serpent", later lócë ("k")(SA:lok-)

Sindarin 

lanc

noun. throat

Sindarin [Ety/367, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lýg

noun. snake

_ n. Zoo. _snake. Q. leuka.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:121:160] < LEWEK worm. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

leweg

noun. snake

_ n. _snake.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:160] < LEWEK worm. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

lŷg

noun. snake

Sindarin [LotR/E] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lŷg

noun. snake

The best known Sindarin word for “snake”, appearing in Appendix E of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1115). In 1964 notes on Dalath Dirnen (DD), Tolkien said it was derived from the root √LEWEK “worm” (PE17/160), likely from ✱leukā where the ancient eu became ȳ as was usual in Sindarin (LotR/1115).

Cognates

  • Q. leuca “snake” ✧ LotR/1115; PE17/121; PE17/160

Derivations

  • √LEWEK “worm” ✧ PE17/160

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√LEWEK > lýg[leukā] > [leuka] > [liuka] > [lȳka] > [lȳk] > [lȳg]✧ PE17/160

Variations

  • lýg ✧ PE17/160
Sindarin [LotR/1115; PE17/121; PE17/160] Group: Eldamo. Published by

limlug

noun. fish-dragon, sea-serpent

Sindarin [Ety/370, X/LH] lim+lhûg. Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhûg

noun. snake, serpent

Sindarin [Ety/370, S/434] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhûg

dragon

lhûg (construct lhug; with article ?i thlûg or ?i lûg the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (snake, serpent), pl. lhuig (?i luig), also amlug (pl. emlyg).

lhûg

dragon

(construct lhug; with article ?i thlûg or ?i lûg – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (snake, serpent), pl. lhuig (?i luig), also amlug (pl. emlyg).

lanc

throat

lanc (neck), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

lanc

throat

(neck), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

limlug

fish-dragon

(sea serpent), pl. limlyg

lŷg

snake

1) lŷg (constuct lyg), no distinct pl. form. 2) lhûg (construct lhug, with article ?i thlûg or ?i lûg the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (dragon, serpent), pl. lhuig (?i luig). See SERPENT.

Primitive elvish

phawalōkō

noun. dragon

Derivatives

Elements

WordGloss
phawa
(s)lōkō“reptile, snake, worm”
Primitive elvish [PE17/181] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

amlug

noun. dragon

Noldorin [Ety/349, Ety/370] Group: SINDICT. Published by

amlug

noun. dragon

Cognates

Elements

WordGloss
am-“snake”
lhûg“dragon”
Noldorin [Ety/ANGWA; Ety/LOK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhûg

noun. dragon

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. lóke “dragon” ✧ Ety/LOK

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LOK “great serpent, dragon” ✧ Ety/LOK

Element in

  • N. amlug “dragon” ✧ Ety/LOK
  • N. lhimlug “fish-dragon, sea-serpent” ✧ Ety/LOK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√LOK > lhûg[lōke] > [lūke] > [lūk] > [l̥ūk] > [l̥ūg]✧ Ety/LOK

lhanc

noun. throat

Noldorin [Ety/367, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhanc

noun. throat

Changes

  • lhang → lhanc “throat” ✧ Ety/LANK

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. lanko “throat” ✧ Ety/LANK; Ety/LAK¹
  • ᴹQ. lango “throat” ✧ Ety/LANK

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LAK “swallow” ✧ Ety/LANK; Ety/LANK; EtyAC/LAK¹

Element in

  • N. tarlanc “stiff-necked, obstinate”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√LANK > lhanc[laŋko] > [laŋkʰo] > [laŋxo] > [laŋx] > [l̥aŋx] > [l̥aŋk]✧ Ety/LANK
ᴹ√LANG > lhang[laŋgō] > [laŋgo] > [laŋg] > [laŋ]✧ Ety/LANK
ᴹ√LAK¹ > lhanc[laŋko] > [laŋkʰo] > [laŋxo] > [laŋx] > [l̥aŋx] > [l̥aŋk]✧ EtyAC/LAK¹

Variations

  • lhang ✧ Ety/LANK (lhang)
Noldorin [Ety/LANK; EtyAC/LAK¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

am-

prefix. snake

A prefix for “snake” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√ANGWA of the same meaning, most notably an element in N. amlug “dragon” (Ety/ANGWA).

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ANGWA “snake” ✧ Ety/ANGWA

Element in

  • N. amlug “dragon” ✧ Ety/ANGWA

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ANGWA > am-[aŋgwa] > [amba] > [amb] > [amm] > [am]✧ Ety/ANGWA
Noldorin [Ety/ANGWA] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhimlug

noun. fish-dragon, sea-serpent

Noldorin [Ety/370, X/LH] lim+lhûg. Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhûg

noun. snake, serpent

Noldorin [Ety/370, S/434] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

ango

noun. snake, dragon

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “snake” derived from the root ᴹ√ANGWA of the same meaning, with a plural form angwi (Ety/ANGWA). This plural form reappeared in the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s, but there it was translated “dragons”.

Conceptual Development: A similar form ᴱQ. oqi “snake” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√OQO “curve, bend” (QL/70).

Neo-Quenya: The word Q. leuca “snake” from The Lord of the Rings appendices is more commonly used for “snake” in Neo-Quenya.

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ANGWA “snake” ✧ Ety/ANGWA

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ANGWA > ango[aŋgu] > [aŋgo]✧ Ety/ANGWA
Qenya [Ety/ANGWA; PE22/124] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lango

noun. throat

Changes

  • lango → lanko “neck” ✧ Ety/LANK

Cognates

  • N. lhanc “throat” ✧ Ety/LANK

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LAK “swallow” ✧ Ety/LANK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√LANG > lango[laŋgo]✧ Ety/LANK

Variations

  • lango ✧ Ety/LANK (lango); EtyAC/LANK (lango); PE21/08
  • langwi ✧ EtyAC/LANK (✶langwi)
Qenya [Ety/LANK; EtyAC/LANK; PE21/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lanko

noun. throat

Cognates

  • N. lhanc “throat” ✧ Ety/LANK; Ety/LAK¹

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LAK “swallow” ✧ Ety/LAK¹; Ety/LANK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√LAK¹ > lanko[laŋko]✧ Ety/LAK¹
ᴹ√LANK > lanko[laŋko]✧ Ety/LANK
Qenya [Ety/LAK¹; Ety/LANK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

angulóke

noun. dragon

Cognates

  • N. amlug “dragon” ✧ Ety/LOK

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
ango“snake, dragon”
lóke“dragon”

lungu

noun. dragon

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LOK “great serpent, dragon”

lóke

noun. dragon

Cognates

  • N. lhûg “dragon” ✧ Ety/LOK

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LOK “great serpent, dragon” ✧ Ety/LOK

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√LOK > lóke[lōke]✧ Ety/LOK

Old Noldorin 

ango

noun. grandchild, descendant

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. indyo “grandchild, descendant, grandson, grandchild, descendant, grandson, *granddaughter” ✧ Ety/ÑGYŌ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ÑGYO(N) “grandchild, descendant” ✧ Ety/ÑGYŌ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ÑGYŌ/ÑGYON > ango[ŋ̣gjo] > [ŋ̣go] > [aŋgo]✧ Ety/ÑGYŌ
Old Noldorin [Ety/ÑGYŌ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

angwa

root. snake

The root √ANGWA “snake” with variant √ANGU appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as the basis for the words ᴹQ. ango “snake” (Ety/ANGWA) and angulóke “dragon” (Ety/LOK). The Noldorin equivalent am- seems to have survived only as a prefix (Ety/ANGWA), and is a good example of how [[on|[ŋgw] > [mb]]] in that language. There are a variety of other words for “snake” in Tolkien’s later writings, so whether this root remained valid is unclear.

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. ango “snake, dragon” ✧ Ety/ANGWA
  • N. am- “snake” ✧ Ety/ANGWA

Element in

Variations

  • ANGU ✧ Ety/ANGWA
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ANGWA; Ety/LOK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ñgyo(n)

root. grandchild, descendant

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “grandchild, descendant” with derivatives in Quenya, Telerin and Old Noldorin of similar meaning (Ety/ÑGYŌ); it is clearly an elaboration of ᴹ√YO(N) “son”.

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. indyo “grandchild, descendant, grandson, grandchild, descendant, grandson, *granddaughter” ✧ Ety/ÑGYŌ
  • On. ango “grandchild, descendant” ✧ Ety/ÑGYŌ
  • ᴹT. endo “grandchild, descendant” ✧ Ety/ÑGYŌ

Variations

  • ÑGYŌ/ÑGYON ✧ Ety/ÑGYŌ
  • ÑGYŌ ✧ EtyAC/YŌ
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ÑGYŌ; EtyAC/YŌ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Telerin

endo

noun. grandchild, descendant

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. indyo “grandchild, descendant, grandson, grandchild, descendant, grandson, *granddaughter” ✧ Ety/ÑGYŌ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ÑGYO(N) “grandchild, descendant” ✧ Ety/ÑGYŌ
Middle Telerin [Ety/ÑGYŌ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

lingos

noun. snake

Cognates

lingwir

noun. dragon

Cognates

ulug

noun. dragon

Cognates

  • Eq. lóke “snake, dragon” ✧ GL/74

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LOKO “twine, twist, curl” ✧ LT2A/Foalókë

Element in

  • G. fuithlug “dragon (who guards treasure)” ✧ LT2A/Foalókë
  • G. uluch “she-dragon” ✧ GL/74

Variations

  • ulug ✧ GL/74; LT2A/Foalókë
Gnomish [GL/74; LT2A/Foalókë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fenlug

noun. snake

Variations

  • fenlog ✧ GL/34 (fenlog)

fent

noun. snake

A word for “snake” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, along with a deleted variant fenlug (fenlog-) (GL/34), the latter probably a combination with G. lûg “snake”. It was clearly a cognate of ᴱQ. fent “serpent” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/38).

Cognates

  • Eq. fent “serpent, dragon”

Derivations

Element in

  • G. Fenthur “King of Serpents” ✧ GL/34

lûg

noun. snake

Cognates

  • Eq. lóke “snake, dragon” ✧ LT2A/Foalókë; PE15/28; PE13/105

Element in

  • G. fenlug “snake” ✧ GL/34 (fenlug)

Variations

  • lug ✧ GL/34 (lug)
  • Lûg ✧ LT2A/Foalókë; PE15/28
  • Lug ✧ PE13/105
Gnomish [GL/34; LT2A/Foalókë; PE13/105; PE15/28] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cwerc

noun. throat

Cognates

  • Eq. qerka “throat” ✧ GL/28

Early Noldorin

cunn

noun. dragon

gunn

noun. dragon

Changes

  • gund → cunn “dragon” ✧ PE13/145
  • cunn → gunn ✧ PE13/162

Cognates

  • Eq. kondo “dragon” ✧ PE13/162; PE13/162

Element in

  • G. Glorund ✧ PE13/144
  • En. gonnas “dragon’s lair” ✧ PE13/141; PE13/162

Variations

  • cunn ✧ PE13/141; PE13/145; PE13/162 (cunn)
  • gund ✧ PE13/144 (gund); PE13/145 (gund); PE13/162 (gund)
Early Noldorin [PE13/141; PE13/144; PE13/145; PE13/162] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gara

noun. throat

The word ᴱN. gara “throat” (archaic †garg) appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists derived from primitive ᴱ✶go, where the long syllable ṝ became ar (PE13/144). Compare this to ᴱN. griw “alimentary canal” from primitive ᴱ✶grgu-, where with short syllabic ṛ the result was gri-.

Conceptual Development: G. cwerc “throat” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s might be a conceptual precursor (GL/28), perhaps from primitive qṛk-, though elsewhere in the Gnomish Lexicon, qṛ- &gt; cur-, as in ᴱ√qṛđ > G. curdhu (GL/28).

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶gṝgo “throat” ✧ PE13/144

Element in

  • En. garion “hauberk” ✧ PE13/144

Variations

  • garg ✧ PE13/144 (garg)
Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

gṝgo

noun. throat

Derivatives

  • Eilk. kark ✧ PE13/144
  • En. gara “throat” ✧ PE13/144
  • Et. gargo ✧ PE13/144

Variations

  • gr:go ✧ PE13/144
Early Primitive Elvish [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

liŋi Reconstructed

root. snake

Derivatives

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

lingo

noun. snake

fenume

noun. dragon

Variations

  • fenumë ✧ LT2A/Glorund
  • Fenume ✧ QL/038
Early Quenya [LT2A/Glorund; QL/038] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kondo

noun. dragon

Cognates

  • En. gunn “dragon” ✧ PE13/162; PE13/162

Element in

  • Eq. kondasse “dragon’s lair” ✧ PE13/162
Early Quenya [PE13/162] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lóke

noun. snake, dragon

Cognates

  • G. ulug “dragon” ✧ GL/74
  • G. lûg “snake” ✧ LT2A/Foalókë; PE15/28; PE13/105

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LOKO “twine, twist, curl” ✧ LT2A/Foalókë; QL/055

Element in

  • Eq. foalóke “*serpent that guarded a treasure” ✧ LT2A/Foalókë

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√LOKO > lōke[lōki] > [lōke]✧ QL/055

Variations

  • lōke ✧ GL/74; QL/055
  • lókë ✧ LT2/085; LT2A/Foalókë; LT2A/Foalókë; LT2I/lókë
  • Lôke ✧ PE13/105
  • lôke ✧ PE15/28
Early Quenya [GL/74; LT2/085; LT2A/Foalókë; LT2I/lókë; PE13/105; PE15/28; QL/055] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lin

noun. snake

A word for “snake” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, with a stem form of {linge- >>} ling- (QL/54).

Cognates

  • G. ling “small snake”

Derivations

Element in

Variations

  • lin ✧ QL/043
  • Lin² ✧ QL/054
Early Quenya [QL/043; QL/054] Group: Eldamo. Published by

oqi

noun. snake

Derivations

  • ᴱ√OQO “curve, bend” ✧ QL/070

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√OQO > oqi[okʷī] > [okʷi]✧ QL/070
Early Quenya [PME/070; QL/070] Group: Eldamo. Published by

qelqa

noun. throat

The word ᴱQ. qerka appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as the cognate of G. cwerc “throat” (GL/28). ᴱQ. qerka “throat” appeared again in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/136), but in a list of body parts from this same period it was ᴱQ. qelqa “throat” (PE14/117). There are no signs of these words in Tolkien’s later writings.

Early Quenya [PE14/117] Group: Eldamo. Published by

qerka

noun. throat

Cognates

  • G. cwerc “throat” ✧ GL/28

Element in

Early Quenya [GL/28; PE16/136] Group: Eldamo. Published by