(sunrise, orient, east), pl. emrŷn
Noldorin
amrûn
noun. uprising, sunrise, Orient, east
rhufen
adjective. east
Sindarin
amrûn
uprising
amrûn
uprising
rhûn
place name. East
Name of the region in the east and also part of the title of the Sea of Rhûn (LotR/1045), it is simply rhûn “east” used as a name.
Conceptual Development: On draft maps for the Lord of the Rings from the 1940s, the name of the sea was N. Rhûnaer “Eastern Sea” (TI/307), also appearing as Rúnaer >> Rhúnaer in drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices (PM/198). A similar form N. Rúnaeluin appears in the drafts of the final chapters of the Lord of the Rings, and might be a variation of this name (SD/65, 71 note #9).
rhûn
noun. east, east, [N.] †rising; eastern
The Sindarin word for “east”, cognate of Q. rómen (LotR/1116, 1123). It was ultimately derived from the root √RŌ/ORO “rise” (Ety/RŌ), and so likely originally meant “rising” as in “rising sun” (PE22/35).
Conceptual Development: The word N. rhûn “east” appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s along with ᴹQ. rómen, both derived from ᴹ√RŌ (Ety/RŌ). At the time, there were no problems with this equivalence, since [[n|initial [r] was unvoiced]] in Noldorin. Tolkien went on to use both these forms in The Lord of the Rings.
Unfortunately, Tolkien later abandoned the unvoicing of initial r in Sindarin, making these two forms problematic. Tolkien considered modifying the Sindarin form to rûn (PE17/88) or the Quenya form to hrómen (PE17/18). The latter was probably derived from an s-strengthened form of the root ᴹ√SRŌ (PE22/127), where the initial sr- would become voiceless [r] in both Quenya and Sindarin. Ultimately, though, he left both forms alone. Perhaps he decided the s-strengthening of the root was a Sindarin-only variant.
rûn
noun. east
rhu
east
*(as in Rhudaur ”Eastwood”, name of a realm: rhu- + taur ”wood”)*.
rhûn
east
(?na Thrûn) (maybe primarily ”the East” as a region), also amrûn (sunrise, orient, uprising). The term ✱Rhúven (?na Thrúven) is maybe primarily ”east” as a direction; the final element means ”way”. This word is spelt ”rhufen” in the source (LR:384 s.v. RŌ), but it would seem that f here represents v. –
Adûnaic
azûl
noun. east
A noun for “east” attested only in the prepositional phrase azûlada “eastward, ✱to the east” = azûl + -ada “to(ward)” (SD/247, 312).
Quenya
Ambarónë
uprising, sunrise, orient
Ambarónë noun "uprising, sunrise, Orient" (AM2)
hró-
prefix. east
hróme(n)
noun. east
orró-
uprising, sunrise, east
orró-, hró- "uprising, sunrise, east" (PE17:18), element underlying words like the following, and also hróna (q.v.)
róme
noun. east
róna
adjective. east
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
Qenya
rómen
noun. east
róna
adjective. east
Doriathrin
radhon
noun. east
A Doriathrin word for “east”, derived from the root ᴹ√RAD “back, return” (Ety/RAD). It could have developed from primitive forms like ✱✶radon or ✱✶radn(ǝ), with -on developing in the second example because [[ilk|[o] developed between a consonant and a final [n]]] in Ilkorin. As noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/radhon), the sense “east” probably developed from the meaning “back” because the Elves thought of themselves as facing West when marking directions, so that East was behind them.
Old Noldorin
rōna
noun. east
(noun) amrûn (sunrise, orient, east), pl. emrŷn