úma- vb. "teem" (VT48:32)
Quenya
lauta-
verb. abound
lauca
warm
úma-
teem
Sindarin
laug
adjective. warm
ovra
abound
ovra- (i ovra, in ovrar)
ovra
abound
(i ovra, in ovrar)
laug
warm
laug (pl. loeg)
laug
adjective. warm
laug
warm
(pl. loeg)
Primitive elvish
um
root. abound; teem, throng; large, abound; teem, throng; large [in quantity]
A root appearing in various notes from around 1968 having to do with “large & small”, variously gloss “large”, “abound” and “teem, throng”, along with derivatives like Q. úma- “teem”, Q. umba “swarm”, and Q. úmë “great collection or crowd; throng” (VT48/32; PE17/115). √UM “large” was also mentioned in passing in notes on Variation D/L in Common Eldarin, also from 1968 (VT48/25). This √UM is probably a later iteration of ᴹ√UB “abound” from The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. úve “abundance, great quantity” and N. ovor “abundant” (Ety/UB). Based on its derivatives, it seems √UM means “large [in quantity]” rather than size.
Derivatives
- Q. úma- “to teem” ✧ VT48/32
- Q. umba “swarm” ✧ VT48/32
- Q. -úmë “[large], of quantity” ✧ VT48/32
- Q. úmë “great collection or crowd of things of the same sort, throng, great collection or crowd of things of the same sort; [ᴹQ.] abundance, great quantity; [Q.] throng” ✧ PE17/115; VT48/32; VT48/32
- Q. úmëa “abundant, swarming, teeming, abundant, swarming, teeming; [ᴹQ.] in very great number, very large, [ᴱQ.] large” ✧ PE17/115; VT48/32
Variations
- um ✧ VT48/32 (
um); VT48/32
Noldorin
ovra-
verb. to abound
ovra-
verb. to abound
Derivations
- ᴹ√UB “abound” ✧ Ety/UB
Element in
- N. ovras “crowd, heap” ✧ Ety/UB
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√UB > ovro [ubra-] > [uvra-] > [ovra-] ✧ Ety/UB
lhaug
adjective. warm
lhaug
adjective. warm
An adjective appearing as N. lhaug “warm” in The Etymologies of the 1930s from primitive ᴹ✶lauka under the root ᴹ√LAW of the same meaning (Ety/LAW).
Conceptual Development: G. laug appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “(of plants) alive, having sap, green, vigorous” (GL/53), likely based on the early root ᴱ√LAWA having to do with the life of plants (QL/52).
Neo-Sindarin: This word is usually adapted as ᴺS. laug “warm” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, as suggested in HSD (HSD), since the unvoicing of initial l is not a feature of later Sindarin.
Cognates
- ᴹQ. lauka “warm” ✧ Ety/LAW
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶lauka > lhaug [lauka] > [lǭka] > [louka] > [lauka] > [lauk] > [l̥auk] > [l̥aug] ✧ Ety/LAW
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
Qenya
lauta-
verb. to abound
Derivations
- ᴹ√LAW “warm; abound” ✧ PE22/103
Element in
- ᴹQ. malta launen “gold abounded to me, I had lots of gold” ✧ PE22/103
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LAW > lauta [lauta-] ✧ PE22/103 Variations
- lauta ✧ PE22/103
lauka
adjective. warm
Cognates
- N. lhaug “warm” ✧ Ety/LAW
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶lauka > lauka [lauka] ✧ Ety/LAW
Middle Primitive Elvish
ub
root. abound
Derivatives
Variations
- UB ✧ Ety/UB
law
root. warm; abound
Derivatives
rim
root. abound; large number
A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “abound” with derivatives such as ᴹQ. rimbe/N. rhim “crowd, host” (Ety/RIM). A likely precursor to this root appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as ᴱ√‘(A)ṚM(A)R and ᴱ√‘ṚMṚ with a Gnomish form ᴱ√grimri· (QL/32), indicating the actual primitive form was ✱ᴱ√ƷṚMṚ. Derivatives of this early root include ᴱQ. arm- “gather, collect” and G. grim “host, folk”, the last of these the likely precursor to N. rhim.
The root ᴹ√RIM also appeared in Primitive Quendian Structure: Final Consonants from 1936, glossed “host, large number” >> “number, plenty” (PE21/57). Quenya and Sindarin forms Q. rimbë and S. rim continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writing (Let/382; PE17/50; UT/318), so it is likely the root √RIM remained valid, especially given the prevalence of suffix -rim in Sindarin collective names.
Changes
RHIMB→ RIMB ✧ Ety/ÓROTRIM-→ RIM- “number, plenty” ✧ PE21/57Derivatives
Variations
- RIMB ✧ Ety/ÓROT
- RHIMB ✧ EtyAC/ORO (
RHIMB)- RIM- ✧ PE21/57 (
RIM-); PE21/57
lauka
adjective. warm
Derivations
- ᴹ√LAW “warm; abound” ✧ Ety/LAW
Derivatives
Early Quenya
aurin
adjective. warm
Cognates
- En. oren “hot (weather)” ✧ PE13/160
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶aurina- > aurin [awrina] > [awrinǝ] > [awrin] > [aurin] ✧ PE13/160 ᴱ√AWA > aurin [awrina] > [awrinǝ] > [awrin] > [aurin] ✧ QL/033
lauca ("k")adj. "warm" (LAW)