skal

root. small fish

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “small fish” with derivatives like ᴹQ. hala of the same meaning and ᴹQ. halatir(no)/N. heledir “kingsfisher, (lit.) fish-watcher” (Ety/SKAL²). Elsewhere in The Etymologies Tolkien had ᴹ√KHAL¹ “(small) fish” (Ety/KHAL¹), but there the root was revised to ᴹ√KHOL before the entry was deleted with reference to ᴹ√SKAL (Ety/KHAL¹). TThis primitive khal-form for “fish” also appeared as a note on the title page of The Etymologies (EtyAC/KHAL¹).

Changes

• KHAL¹ → KHOL “(small) fish” ✧ Ety/KHAL¹
• KHOL → SKAL “(small) fish” ✧ Ety/KHAL¹

Derivatives

• ᴹ✶skala “fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
  • ᴹQ. hala “(small) fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
  • N. hâl “fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
• ᴹQ. hala “(small) fish” ✧ Ety/KHAL¹; Ety/SKAL²
• N. heledir(n) “kingsfisher, (lit.) fish-watcher” ✧ Ety/KHAL¹; Ety/SKAL²

Variations

• KHAL¹ ✧ Ety/KHAL¹ (KHAL¹)
• KHOL ✧ Ety/KHAL¹ (KHOL)
• SKAL ✧ Ety/KHAL¹
• KHAL ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

skal

root. screen, hide (from light), overshadow

Changes

• SKAL¹ → SKAL¹ “conceal, hide (from light)” ✧ Ety/SKAL¹
• SKAL³ → SKAL¹ “cower, hide” ✧ EtyAC/SKAL¹

Derivatives

• Dan. sc(i)ella “shade, screen” ✧ Ety/SKAL¹
• ᴹ✶skalnā “veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady” ✧ Ety/SKAL¹; EtyAC/SKAL³
  • ᴹQ. halda “veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady” ✧ Ety/SKAL¹; EtyAC/SKAL³
  • On. skhalla “veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady” ✧ Ety/SKAL¹
  • N. hall “veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady” ✧ Ety/SKAL¹
• ᴹQ. halya- “to veil, conceal, screen from light” ✧ Ety/SKAL¹; EtyAC/SKAL³
• Ilk. esgal “screen, hiding, roof of leaves” ✧ Ety/SKAL¹
• On. skhalia- “to screen” ✧ Ety/SKAL¹
  • N. haltha- “to screen” ✧ Ety/SKAL¹

Element in

• Ilk. Esgalduin “River under Veil” ✧ EtyAC/DUI

Variations

• SKAL ✧ EtyAC/DUI
• SKAL³ ✧ EtyAC/SKAL³ (SKAL³)

khal

root. (small) fish

skel

root. *strip

An unglossed root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. helda/N. hell “naked”, ᴹQ. helma “skin, fell” and N. helf “fur” (Ety/SKEL). The root was initially given as ᴹ√SKAL, and various forms had a >> e after ᴹ√SKAL >> ᴹ√SKEL (EtyAC/SKEL).

Changes

• SKAL → SKEL ✧ Ety/SKEL

Derivatives

• ᴹ✶skelmā “skin, fell” ✧ Ety/SKEL; EtyAC/SKEL
  • ᴹQ. helma “skin, fell, skin, fell, *hide” ✧ Ety/SKEL
  • ᴹQ. halma “skin, fell” ✧ EtyAC/SKEL
  • N. helf “fur, fur, *hide” ✧ Ety/SKEL
• ᴹ✶skelnā “naked” ✧ Ety/SKEL; EtyAC/SKEL
  • ᴹQ. helda “naked, stripped bare” ✧ Ety/SKEL
  • ᴹQ. halla “naked” ✧ EtyAC/SKEL
  • On. skhella “naked” ✧ Ety/SKEL; EtyAC/SKEL
  • N. hell “naked, naked, *stripped” ✧ Ety/SKEL; EtyAC/SKEL
• ᴹ✶skelta- “to strip” ✧ Ety/SKEL
  • ᴺQ. helta- “to strip, bar, peel; *to despoil, denude”
  • N. heltha- “to strip, to strip, flay, peel skin; to despoil, make bare” ✧ Ety/SKEL
• ᴹQ. helda “naked, stripped bare” ✧ Ety/SKAL¹
• ᴺQ. helet “fur, fur-coat”
• N. heleth “fur, fur-coat” ✧ Ety/SKEL
• N. helf “fur, fur, *hide” ✧ Ety/SKEL
• N. halath “skin, fell” ✧ EtyAC/SKEL
• On. skhalta- “to strip” ✧ EtyAC/SKEL
  • N. heltha- “to strip, to strip, flay, peel skin; to despoil, make bare” ✧ EtyAC/SKEL

Element in

• N. haldir “fur-hunter” ✧ EtyAC/SKEL (haldir)

Variations

• SKAL ✧ EtyAC/SKEL (SKAL)

khol

root. (small) fish