-ima adjectival suffix. Sometimes it is used to derive simple adjectives, like vanima "fair" or calima "bright"; it can also take on the meaning "-able" (PE17:68), as in mátima "edible" (mat- "eat"), nótima "countable" (not- "count") and (with a negative prefix) úquétima "unspeakable" (from quet- "speak"). Note that the stem-vowel is normally lengthened in the derivatives where -ima means "-able", though this fails to occur in cenima "visible" (q.v., but contrast hraicénima, q.v.) and also before a consonant cluster as in úfantima "not concealable" (PE17:176). "X-ima" may mean "apt to X" (when the ending is added to an intransitive verbal stem), as in Fírimar "mortals", literally "those apt to die" (WJ:387). The adj. úfantima "not concealable" (PE17:176) also appears as úfantuma (PE17:180), indicating the existence of a variant ending -uma (possibly used to derive adjectives with a "bad" meaning; compare the ending *-unqua next to -inqua, q.v.)
Quenya
-inqua
glorious
-inqua
suffix. -ful, complete
Cognates
- S. -eb “adjective suffix” ✧ WJ/412
Derivations
Element in
- Q. alcarin(qua) “glorious, brilliant, glorious, brilliant, [ᴹQ.] radiant” ✧ WJ/412
- ᴺQ. árinqua “sunny, (lit.) sunlight-full”
- ᴺQ. coivenqua “lively, vibrant, vivacious, (lit.) full of life”
- Q. erinqua “single, alone”
- ᴺQ. felminqua “passionate, full of feeling”
- ᴺQ. limpunqua “drunken”
- ᴺQ. nirmunqua “willful”
- ᴺQ. sérinqua “peaceful, full of peace”
- ᴺQ. úcarunqua “sinful”
- ᴺQ. yávinqua “fruitful”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶ikwā > -inqua [-iŋkwā] > [-iŋkwa] ✧ WJ/412
-ima
fair
linda
fair, beautiful
linda adj. "fair, beautiful" (of sound) (SLIN, LIND; VT45:27), "soft, gentle, light" (PE16:96), "beautiful, sweet, melodious of sound" (PE17:150); for Linda as a noun, see Lindar.
alcarinquë
proper name. Glorious
A star (S/45) or possibly the planet Jupiter (MR/435). Its name is simply the noun form of the adjective alcarin(qua) “glorious”.
Cognates
- S. aglareb “glorious, brilliant, glorious, brilliant, *radiant” ✧ SA/aglar
Elements
Word Gloss alcarin(qua) “glorious, brilliant, glorious, brilliant, [ᴹQ.] radiant” Variations
- Alkarinque ✧ MR/435
- Alkarinquë ✧ MRI/Alkarinquë; SA/aglar
alcarin
glorious, brilliant
alcarin adj. "glorious, brilliant" (shorter form of alcarinqua, q.v.) (PE17:24), hence Alcarin masc. name (or title) "the Glorious", title taken by Atanatar II of Gondor, also name of one of the Kings of Númenor (Appendix A).
alcarin
proper name. Glorious
Tar-Alcarin was the 17th ruler of Númenor (LotR/1035, UT/222). His name is simply the shortened form of alcarin(qua) “glorious”. Alcarin “Glorious” was also a sobriquet for Atanatar II, the 16th king of Gondor (LotR/1038, 1045).
Elements
Word Gloss alcarin(qua) “glorious, brilliant, glorious, brilliant, [ᴹQ.] radiant” Variations
- Alkarin ✧ PMI/Alkarin
alya
fair, good
alya (1) adj. "fair, good" (PE17:146), "prosperous, rich, abundant, blessed" (GALA). In a deleted entry in Etym, the glosses provided were "rich, blessed"; another deleted entry defined alya as "rich, prosperous, blessed". (GALA, [ÁLAM], VT42:32, 45:5, 14)
vanya
fair
vanya (1) adj. "fair" (FS), "beautiful" (BAN), a word referring to beauty that is "due to lack of fault, or blemish" (PE17:150), hence Arda Vanya as an alternative to Arda Alahasta for "Arda Unmarred" (ibid., compare MR:254). Nominal pl. Vanyar "the Fair", the first clan of the Eldar; the original meaning of this stem was "pale, light-coloured, not brown or dark" (WJ:382, 383, stem given as WAN), "properly = white complexion and blonde hair" (PE17:154, stem given as GWAN); stems BAN vs. WAN discussed, see PE17:150.
vanë
fair
vanë adj. "fair" (LT1:272; in Tolkien's later Quenya rather vanya)
vanë
adjective. fair, fair, [ᴱQ.] lovely
Derivations
- √BAN “beauty (due to lack of fault or blemish); fair, beautiful” ✧ PE17/056
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √BAN > vane [bani] > [bane] > [βane] > [vane] ✧ PE17/056 Variations
- vane ✧ PE17/056
alima
fair, good
alima adj. "fair, good" (also alya) (PE17:146)
-inqua adjectival ending, seen in alcarinqua "glorious" (WJ:412) from alcar "glory". Etymologically, -inqua means "-full", like "glory-full" in this case. A variant *-unqua is implied in WJ:415 (only referred to in archaic form -unkwā). "The forms using u were mainly applied to things heavy, clumsy, ugly or bad", whereas -inqua (in the same source derived from -inkwā) is neutral.