lívë
sickness
quámë
sickness
quámë ("q")noun "sickness" (KWAM), "sickness, nausea" (QL:76). Earlier material also gives quámë as the past tense of the related verb quama- "vomit, be sick".
quamna
noun. vomit
A neologism coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT), based on ᴱQ. qama- “am ill; vomit”.
Elements
Word Gloss quam- “to be ill, vomit”
quam-
verb. to be ill, vomit
Cognates
- ᴺS. pavra- “to ail, be ill”
Derivations
- ᴹ√KWAM “*sick”
Element in
- ᴺQ. quamna “vomit”
lhîw
noun. sickness
hich-
verb. to vomit
lhîw
sickness
1) *lhîw (?i thlîw or ?i lîw the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (disease), no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i lîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thliw, fliw. 2) cael (i gael, o chael) (lying in bed). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael), 3) paw (i baw), pl. poe (i phoe). various related terms (no Sindarin word simply meaning ”side” is known):
lhîw
sickness
(?i thlîw or ?i lîw – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (disease), no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i lîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thliw, fliw.
cael
sickness
(i gael, o chael) (lying in bed). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael)
paw
sickness
(i baw), pl. poe (i phoe).
fliw
noun. sickness
fliw
noun. sickness
A noun appearing as N. fliw “sickness” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from ON. thlīwe < ᴹ✶slīwē under the root ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” (Ety/SLIW). The ancient initial sl became thl which was the usual sound change in (Old) Noldorin, and then this thl became fl, a less common Noldorin sound change. There was also a deleted variant of this root: ᴹ√LIW, where Tolkien had lhîw “disease” with the usual unvoicing of initial l in Noldorin (EtyAC/LIW).
Neo-Sindarin: In Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s, initial sl became lh instead of thl, so most Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this word as ᴺS. lhîw, as suggested by Hiswelókë’s Sindarin Dictionary (HSD). Based on the deleted variant of the root, I would use the word lhîw for both “sickness” and “disease”, both within a body and independent of it.
Cognates
- ᴹQ. líve “sickness” ✧ Ety/SLIW; EtyAC/LIW
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources On. thlīwe > thliw > fliw [θlīwe] > [θlīw] > [θliw] > [fliw] ✧ Ety/SLIW Variations
- lhîw ✧ EtyAC/LIW (
lhîw)
thliw
noun. sickness
paw
noun. sickness
paw
noun. sickness, sickness, *illness, ailment
A noun for “sickness” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KWAM (Ety/KWAM). For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume it can apply to general illness and ailment as well.
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. côma {“disease, pestilence, sickness” >>} “disease, illness” (GL/26), related to ᴱQ. qáme “sickness, nausea” and thus based on the early root ᴱ√QAMA (QL/76). This became ᴱN. côm in the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s (PE13/123) and then {cóm >>} ᴱN. pau “sickness” in Early Noldorin Word-lists a bit later in this period, still cognate to ᴱQ. qāme (PE13/140, 152). The new form reflected changes in Noldorin’s phonetic developments: kw > p and ā > au instead of earlier (Gnomish) ā > ō and kwo > ko. These Gnomish sound changes were allocated to Ilkorin in the 1930s: see Ilk. côm “sickness”, also from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/KWAM).
Cognates
- ᴹQ. qáme “sickness, sickness, [ᴱQ.] nausea” ✧ Ety/KWAM
Derivations
- ᴹ√KWAM “*sick” ✧ Ety/KWAM
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KWAM > paw [kwāme] > [pāme] > [pǭme] > [poume] > [paume] > [paum] > [pauv] > [pau] ✧ Ety/KWAM
cael
noun. lying in bed, sickness
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
líve
noun. sickness
A noun appearing as ᴹQ. líve “sickness” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶slīwē under the root ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” (Ety/SLIW). The ancient initial sl became voiceless hl, which was then voiced to l as was generally the case in The Etymologies. The root had a deleted variant ᴹ√LIW “be sickly, ill”, where líve appeared with the gloss “disease” (EtyAC/LIW).
Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writing, he usually retained hl- in spelling if not pronunciation; see the entry on how initial voiceless nasals and liquids were voiced for discussion. As such, most Neo-Quenya writers adapt this word as ᴺQ. hlívë. Given the gloss “disease” for its deleted form, I would further assume hlívë specifically refers to sickness by disease.
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had the word ᴱQ. leume “sickness” under the similar but earlier root ᴱ√LEẆE (QL/53).
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶slīwē > líve [slīwē] > [l̥īwē] > [līwē] > [līwe] > [līve] ✧ Ety/SLIW Variations
- líwe ✧ EtyAC/LIW (
líwe)
qáme
noun. sickness, sickness, [ᴱQ.] nausea
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sickness” under the root ᴹ√KWAM (Ety/KWAM). ᴱQ. qáme also appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with the glosses “sickness, nausea” under the early root ᴱ√QAMA (QL/76).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would assume this noun applies mainly to stomach illnesses and nausea, as opposed to general sickness which would be [ᴺQ.] hlívë.
Cognates
Derivations
- ᴹ√KWAM “*sick” ✧ Ety/KWAM
Element in
- ᴺQ. quámëa “sick, *nauseous”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KWAM > qáme [kwāme] ✧ Ety/KWAM
côm
noun. sickness
A noun meaning “sickness” (Ety/KWAM). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. qáme indicates a primitive form ✱✶kwāmē, so this word is an example of how [[ilk|initial [kwo] became [ko]]] after the primitive vowel [[ilk|[ā] became [ō]]]. Both these developments were noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/côm).
Conceptual Development: This word is nearly identical to earlier Gnomish côma “disease, illness” before Tolkien revised the phonological history of the Noldorin language so that [[on|[kw] became [p]]].
Cognates
- ᴹQ. qáme “sickness, sickness, [ᴱQ.] nausea” ✧ Ety/KWAM
Derivations
- ᴹ√KWAM “*sick” ✧ Ety/KWAM
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KWAM > côm [kwāmē] > [kwāme] > [kwōme] > [kōme] > [kōm] ✧ Ety/KWAM
thlīwe
noun. sickness
Cognates
- ᴹQ. líve “sickness” ✧ Ety/SLIW
Derivations
Derivatives
- N. fliw “sickness” ✧ Ety/SLIW
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶slīwē > slīwe > thlīwe [slīwē] > [slīwe] > [θlīwe] ✧ Ety/SLIW Variations
- thlíwe ✧ EtyAC/SLIW
slīwē
noun. sickness
Derivations
- ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” ✧ Ety/SLIW
Derivatives
hich-
verb. to vomit
A verb appearing as ᴱN. hich- “vomit” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s from primitive ᴱ✶pṣk- (PE13/163), where the initial p became h as was often the case in the 1920s.
Neo-Sindarin: I’d retain this verb as ᴺS. hich- “vomit” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, preserving its modern rather than primitive form, perhaps derived from an (onomatopoeic?) primitive form ✱khikh-.
Derivations
- ᴱ✶pṣk- ✧ PE13/163
Variations
- hich ✧ PE13/162
côm
noun. sickness
Variations
- cóm ✧ PE13/140 (
cóm)
pau
noun. sickness
Cognates
- Eq. qáme “sickness, nausea” ✧ PE13/152
qama-
verb. to be ill, vomit
A verb appearing as ᴱQ. qama- “am ill; vomit” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√QAMA (QL/76).
Neo-Quenya: I’d retain ᴺQ. quam- “to be ill, vomit” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, especially since ᴹ√KWAM continued to be associated with sickness in Tolkien’s later writings (Ety/KWAM).
Cognates
- G. cwancha- “to ail”
Derivations
- ᴱ√QAMA “*sick” ✧ QL/076
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√QAMA > qama- [kʷama-] ✧ QL/076
leume
noun. sickness
Derivations
- ᴱ√LEẆE “*sick” ✧ QL/053
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√LEẆE > leume [lewɣʷē] > [leɣʷme] > [lewme] > [leume] ✧ QL/053
lívë noun "sickness" (SLIW). Since Tolkien eventually decided that roots in sl- yield Quenya words in hl- (though this was pronounced l- in late Exilic Quenya), it may be that the spelling *hlívë is to be preferred.