-enca suffix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. nec-, q.v.
Quenya
ú calo
without the light
Elements
Word Gloss ú “without, destitute of” cala “light, light; [ᴱQ.] daytime (sunlight), 12 hours”
ú calmo
without the light
Changes
ú calmo→ ú calo “without the light” ✧ PE17/143
ú
without, destitute of
-enca
without, -less
au-
without
au- (3) privative prefix, = "without" (AWA)
ava-
without
ava- (3) prefix "without" (AR2, AWA). In some cases apparently used as a mere negation prefix: The form avalerya in VT41:6 is seemingly a negated form of the verb lerya- "release, set free"; the verb avalerya- is suggested to have the same meaning as the root KHAP = "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty". Likewise, the verb avalatya- from the same source seems to mean "to close, shut", this being a negated form of a verb *latya- "open" (q.v.)
nec-
without, -less
nec- prefix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. -enca, q.v.
nec-
prefix. without
Derivations
- √NEK “divide, separate, part; deprive” ✧ PE17/167
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √NEK > nec- [nek-] ✧ PE17/167
pen
without, not having
[pen prep. "without, not having" (PE17:171). Cf. Ú #1.]
ú (1) adv. and prep. "without, destitute of" (VT39:14). Usually followed by genitive: ú calo "without light" (cala). In one source, ú is seemingly also used as a negative verb "was not" (VT49:13), but Tolkien revised the text in question.