@@@ ta-formative and ta-causative
Quenya
tenta
adverb. still, yet [past], still, yet [past], *up until then
Elements
Word Gloss TEN “direction; point (toward); end (in sense of point aimed at)” tá “then”
tenta-
point to, point out; indicate; direct toward, be directed toward
tenta-
verb. to point (to/out), indicate; to direct toward, be directed toward; to go forth towards (with object)
Derivations
- √TEN “direction; point (toward); end (in sense of point aimed at)” ✧ VT49/24
Element in
- Q. ar cé mo formenna tentanes Amanna “and if northwards, it pointed towards Aman” ✧ VT49/23; VT49/23; VT49/26
- Q. hententa- “to spot with eye” ✧ VT49/24
- Q. i hyarma tentanë Melcorello “the left hand pointed away from Melkor” ✧ VT49/23; VT49/23
- Q. leptenta- “*to point to, indicate with finger” ✧ VT49/24
- ᴺQ. pententa- “to mention, (lit.) indicate by mouth”
- ᴺQ. santenta- “to concentrate, focus”
- ᴺQ. tentaparma “recipe book, instruction book”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √ten > tenta [tenta-] ✧ VT49/24 Variations
- tenta ✧ VT49/23; VT49/23; VT49/24
nollo
adverb. already
Elements
Word Gloss nó “before (of time); at back (of place), before (of time); at back (of place); [ᴹQ.] yester-; [ᴱQ.] after (of place), behind; after (only of time); than” -llo “(movement) from, ablative suffix, (movement) from, [ᴱQ.] out of, [Q.] ablative suffix”
epello
adverb. already
tenta- vb. "point to, point out; indicate; direct toward, be directed toward" (VT49:22-24). Compare hententa-, leptenta-, q.v. When constructed with a direct object, the verb may mean "go forth towards". In our examples, tenta is constructed with an allative (tentanë numenna "pointed westward", VT49:23; this may be the normal construction when the meaning is "point"). Pa.t. tentanë is attested (also with ending -s: tentanes "it pointed", VT49:26); there is also an alternative strong pa.t. form tenantë (VT49:22-23). Other examples of such double past tense forms (e.g. orta-) would suggest that the form tentanë is transitive ("pointed to/out, directed towards, went forth towards"), while tenantë is intransitive ("was directed towards"). Tolkien also considered the pa.t. form tentë, but emended it.