tengwe

noun. writing

Derivations

• ᴹ✶tekmē “letter, symbol, writing” ✧ EtyAC/TEK
  • ᴹ√TEK “write or draw (signs or letters), make a mark” ✧ Ety/TEK

Element in

• ᴹQ. Tengwesser “Letter-names” ✧ PE22/022
• ᴹQ. tengwesta “grammar; collection of writing” ✧ Ety/TEK; PE21/57

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶tekme > tengwe	[tekme] > [tegme] > [teŋme] > [teŋgwe]	✧ EtyAC/TEK

tengwa

noun. letter; writing, grammar

Changes

• tengwe → tengwa ✧ Ety/TEK

Cognates

• N. tew “letter” ✧ Ety/TEK; PE22/031

Derivations

• ᴹ✶tekmā “writing, grammar” ✧ EtyAC/TEK; PE19/043
  • ᴹ√TEK “write or draw (signs or letters), make a mark” ✧ Ety/TEK; PE19/043

Element in

• ᴹQ. tengwanda “alphabet” ✧ Ety/TEK

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶tekma > tengwa	[tekmā] > [tegmā] > [teŋmā] > [teŋgwā] > [teŋgwa]	✧ EtyAC/TEK
ᴹ✶tekmā > tegmā > teñma > teñgwa	[tekmā] > [tegmā] > [teŋmā] > [teŋgwā] > [teŋgwa]	✧ PE19/043

Variations

• tengwe ✧ EtyAC/TEK (tengwe)
• teñgwa ✧ PE19/043

ista

noun. knowledge

istare

noun. knowledge

Elements

Word	Gloss
ista-	“to know”
-(á)re	“general action verbal suffix”

istya

noun. knowledge

Cognates

• N. ist “lore, knowledge, lore, knowledge; [G.] feeling, sensation; notion” ✧ Ety/IS

Derivations

• ᴹ√IS “*know” ✧ Ety/IS

Element in

• ᴹQ. anaristya “[unglossed]”
• ᴹQ. Istimor “The Wise” ✧ Ety/IS
• ᴺQ. istyalóra “ignorant”
• ᴹQ. istyar “scholar, learned man, lore-master, wizard” ✧ Ety/IS

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√IS > ista	[ista]	✧ Ety/IS
ᴹ√IS > istya	[istja]	✧ Ety/IS

Variations

• ista ✧ Ety/IS