ric-

try, put forth effort, strive, endeavour

#ric- ("k") (1) vb. "try, put forth effort, strive, endeavour" (PE17:93, 94, 167), imperative á ricë "try!", pl. á ricir "let them try", á rice am(a)ricië "try harder!" (or more idiomatically á carë (sí) ancarië, lit. *"do (now) with more doing!"

ric-

twist

#ric- (2) vb. "twist", perfect irícië "has twisted" (VT39:9)

ric-

verb. to twist

Derivations

• √RIK “twist, twist; [ᴹ√] jerk, sudden move, flirt” ✧ VT39/09

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√RIK > iríkie	[rik-]	✧ VT39/09

ric-

verb. to try, put forth effort, strive, endeavour

Cognates

• S. raitha- “to try, strive” ✧ PE17/167
• ᴺS. rig- “to try, strive”

Derivations

• √RIK “put forth effort, strive, endeavour, try” ✧ PE17/093; PE17/167

Element in

• Q. á ricë amrícië “try harder” ✧ PE17/093; PE17/093; PE17/094; PE17/167
• Q. á ricir “let them try” ✧ PE17/094

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√RIK > rike	[rik-]	✧ PE17/093
√RIK > rike	[rik-]	✧ PE17/167

Variations

• rihta ✧ PE17/167

irícië

irícië

irícië ("k") see #ric-

nev-

try

nev- vb. "try" (PE17:167; Tolkien in the source expresses uncertainty as to whether this word should be adopted or not)

nav-

verb. to try

nev-

verb. to try, to try, *experiment

Cognates

• S. dev- “to try, to try, *experiment, test” ✧ PE17/167

Derivations

• √NDAB “endeavor, try, seek opportunity” ✧ PE17/167; PE22/151

Element in

• Q. nauva túlë “he will try to come” ✧ PE22/151
• ᴺQ. nevië “experiment”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√NDEB > nev-	[ndeb-] > [ndeβ-] > [neβ-] > [nev-]	✧ PE17/167
√NDAB > nauva	[ndabuba] > [ndaβuβa] > [naβuβa] > [nauβa] > [nauva]	✧ PE22/151

dev-

verb. to try, to try, *experiment, test

Cognates

• Q. nev- “to try, to try, *experiment” ✧ PE17/167

Derivations

• √NDAB “endeavor, try, seek opportunity” ✧ PE17/167

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√NDEB > dev-	[ndeb-] > [deb-] > [dev-]	✧ PE17/167

rik

root. twist, twist; [ᴹ√] jerk, sudden move, flirt

This root first appeared as unglossed ᴱ√RIQI or ᴱ√RIKI in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives ᴱQ. riqi- “wrench, twist” and ᴱQ. marikta “wrist” (QL/80). This root also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such G. raig “awry, twisted, distorted, perverse, wrong, leering (of face)”, G. rig “a snarl, a sneer”, and G. rig- “twist, contort” (GL/64-65). These forms were also linked to G. grinn “ankle (talgrin), wrist (mabrin)” (GL/42) and G. arc “fierce, harsh, ill tempered; awkward, difficult” < ᴱ✶r̄k- (GL/20). The latter reappeared as ᴱN. arch “rough, fierce” >> “rough” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (GL/137), though in the somewhat later Early Noldorin Dictionary, ᴱN. arch “rough” was given a new derivation from ᴱ✶a-rak-wa (PE13/160), and thus was no longer tied to ᴱ√RIKI.

The root ᴹ√RIK reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s (EtyAC/RIK(H)) but it was revised to ᴹ√RIK(H) “jerk, sudden move, flirt” with derivatives like ᴹQ. rinke “flourish, quick stroke” and ᴹQ. rihta-/N. rhitha- “jerk, twitch” (Ety/RIK(H)). In notes from 1959-60 the root appeared again as √RIK “twist” with a single derivative Q. raika “crooked” (VT39/7), a word that in The Etymologies of the 1930s was derived from ᴹ√RAYAK. This 1959-60 appearance seems to be harkening back to its meaning in the 1910s.

Derivatives

• ✶raika “crooked” ✧ VT39/07; VT39/09
  • Q. raica “crooked, crooked, [ᴹQ.] bent, wrong” ✧ VT39/07; VT39/09
• Q. ric- “to twist” ✧ VT39/09
• ᴺS. crig “elbow”
• ᴺS. raeg “wrong, [G.] awry, twisted, distorted, perverse, leering (of face)”

Variations

• RIKI ✧ VT39/07
• RIK ✧ VT39/09