rá (3) noun "arm" (LT2:335, there spelt râ; probably obsoleted by # 2 (and # 1) above. In Tolkien's later Quenya, "arm" is ranco)
Quenya
ranco
arm
rá
arm
Sindarin
ranc
noun. arm
ranc
arm
ranc (pl. rengy or rainc, with article idh rengy/rainc), coll. pl. rangath
ranc
noun. arm
ranc
arm
(pl. rengy or rainc, with article idh rengy/rainc), coll. pl. rangath
Noldorin
rhanc
noun. arm
rhanc
noun. arm
A noun appearing as N. rhanc “arm” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶ranku under the root ᴹ√RAK “stretch out, reach” (Ety/RAK). It had the irregular plural form rhengy, presumably from final -ui becoming -y, but this plural was archaic and reformed to rhenc based on normal Noldorin (and later Sindarin) plural patterns.
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had (archaic) G. †râ “arm, strength” (GL/65), clearly related to ᴱQ. rā “arm” in contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon from the early root ᴱ√RAHA “stretch forward” (QL/78). The Gnomish Lexicon also had a non-archaic word rath “the full arm, the extent of one’s arm, one’s reach — a measure = 2 feet”, apparently referring to both the arm itself and the reach of the arm, and so functioning as a unit of measure (GL/65).
Neo-Sindarin: Most Neo-Sindarin writers adapt the Noldorin word as ᴺS. ranc “arm” (plural renc) as suggested in HSD (HSD), since the unvoicing of initial r to rh was a feature of Noldorin of the 1930s but not Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s. Based on the Gnomish usage, this word might also be used as a unit of measure for an arm’s length, about 2 feet.
Cognates
- ᴹQ. ranko “arm” ✧ Ety/RAK
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources On. ranko > rhanc [raŋko] > [raŋkʰo] > [raŋxo] > [raŋx] > [r̥aŋx] > [r̥aŋk] ✧ Ety/RAK On. rankui > rhengy [raŋkui] > [raŋkʰui] > [raŋxui] > [reŋxui] > [r̥eŋxui] > [r̥eŋgui] > [r̥eŋgy] ✧ Ety/RAK
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
Qenya
ranko
noun. arm
A noun for “arm” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶ranku under the root ᴹ√RAK “stretch out, reach” (Ety/RAK).
Conceptual Development: The word ᴱQ. rā “arm” appeared Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√RAHA “stretch forward”, along with a variant rakta (QL/78). The Early Qenya Grammar and English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s instead had ᴱQ. ranko “arm” (PE14/76; PE15/69), a form which reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s (see above).
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶ranku > ranko [ranku] > [ranko] ✧ Ety/RAK
Old Noldorin
ranko
noun. arm
Cognates
- ᴹQ. ranko “arm” ✧ Ety/RAK
Derivations
Derivatives
- N. rhanc “arm” ✧ Ety/RAK; Ety/RAK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶ranku > ranko [raŋku] > [raŋko] ✧ Ety/RAK ᴹ✶ranku > rankui [raŋkui] > [raŋkui] ✧ Ety/RAK
Middle Primitive Elvish
ranku
noun. arm
Derivations
- ᴹ√RAK “stretch out, reach” ✧ Ety/RAK
Derivatives
Gnomish
ranc
noun. a burst, breach
Derivations
- ᴱ√RAKA “pile up; *break”
Early Quenya
ranko
noun. arm
Derivations
- ᴱ√RAHA “stretch forward”
rá
noun. arm
Cognates
- G. râ “arm, strength”
Derivations
- ᴱ√RAHA “stretch forward” ✧ LT2A/Alqarámë; QL/078
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√RAHA > rā [rax] > [raɣ] > [rā] ✧ QL/078 Variations
- râ ✧ LT2A/Alqarámë
- rā ✧ QL/078
- rakta ✧ QL/078
rakta
noun. arm
ranco ("k")noun "arm", stem *rancu- given the primitive form ¤ranku, hence also pl. ranqui ("q")(RAK)