An adjective for “dead” in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s based on the verb ᴱQ. maka- “die” (PE14/58).
Early Quenya
qenya
adjective. *our; 1st pl. exclusive possessive emphatic
qenya
noun. Elvish
Cognates
- G. Cweneglin “*Elvish (Qenya)” ✧ GL/28
Element in
- Eq. Qenyaqetsa “*of Qenya-language”
Elements
Word Gloss Qen “Elf”
menya
adjective. *our; 1st pl. exclusive possessive emphatic
qelqa
noun. throat
qerka
noun. throat
Cognates
- G. cwerc “throat” ✧ GL/28
Element in
- Eq. Qerkaringa “Chill Gulf”
tanya
adjective. that
Element in
- Eq. tanya wende nieninqea “that maiden like a snowdrop” ✧ MC/215; PE16/090; PE16/092
pinilya
adjective. small
Derivations
- ᴱ√PINI “*small”
Element in
- Eq. pinilya wilwarindon “small like a butterfly” ✧ MC/220
vea
noun. sea
Cognates
- En. gwai “sea”
Derivations
- ᴱ√VAẎA “enfold, wind about”
Element in
- Eq. vea qalume “the sea heaving” ✧ MC/214
- Eq. lúnelinqe vear “in the flowing sea” ✧ MC/213
- Eq. vea falastane “the sea surging” ✧ MC/213
- Eq. kiryasse Earendil or vea “Earendel, upon a ship upon the sea” ✧ MC/216; PE16/100; PE16/104
- Eq. lutsilya lúne veasse “*sailing on a blue sea” ✧ PE16/056; PE16/057; PE16/060
- Eq. lutsilya móre veasse ✧ PE16/060
- Eq. veakirya “sea-ship”
- Eq. vean falastanéro “the sea with loud surf” ✧ MC/220; PE16/057; PE16/060; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074
- Eq. vean san falastuváre alkalótefalmarínen “*the sea then will surge with waves like shining blossoms” ✧ PE16/077
- Eq. veasse lúnelinqe “upon the blue streams of the sea” ✧ MC/220; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074
Variations
- vea ✧ MC/213; MC/214; MC/216; PE16/100; PE16/104; PE16/138
kar
noun. head
Cognates
- G. cas “head, skull”
Derivations
- ᴱ√KASA “head” ✧ QL/045
Element in
- Eq. ankasse(a) “lofty, tall, (lit.) up-headed, high-headed” ✧ QL/030
- Eq. tára·kasse Taniqetildo, tára·kasisse hu·sórie “on the high top of Taniqetil, on the high peaks he sat” ✧ PE14/046; PE14/046
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√KASA > kar [kas] > [kar] ✧ QL/045
miqe
noun. kiss
Cognates
- G. mib “little kiss, peck”
Derivations
- ᴱ√MIQI “kiss” ✧ QL/061
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√MIQI > miqe [mikʷē] > [mikʷe] ✧ QL/061
mána
adjective. dead
Variations
- māna ✧ PE14/058
narka
adjective. dead
An adjective for “dead” implied by the stative formation narkea “is dead” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/140), perhaps connected to some precursor of √NDAK “slay”.
qalna
adjective. dead
Derivations
- ᴱ√QALA “die” ✧ QL/076
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√QALA > qalna [kʷalnā] > [kʷalna] ✧ QL/076
ulqa
adjective. evil
warda
adjective. dead
An adjective for “dead” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√GWṚÐṚ “die” (QL/104), given as a cognate to G. gwarth “dead (only of persons)” in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/44).
Cognates
- G. gwarth “dead (only of persons)” ✧ GL/44
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶gu̯r̄́þa > warda [gʷṝθā] > [gʷṝθa] > [wṝθa] > [warθa] > [warða] > [warda] ✧ GL/44 ᴱ√GWṚÐR > warda [gʷṝðā] > [gʷṝða] > [wṝða] > [warða] > [warda] ✧ QL/104
elben
noun. heart
elwen
noun. heart
A word appearing as ᴱQ. Elben “heart” in the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin of the 1910s (LT2/202; PE15/23), but as ᴱQ. Elwen “heart” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√LEFE (QL/35, 52). These words were connected to the character G. Elfrith who vanished from later versions of the Legendarium.
Cognates
Derivations
- ᴱ√LEFE “*heart” ✧ QL/035; QL/052
Element in
- Eq.
Elwenil(do)“Littleheart” ✧ LT1A/Ilverin (Elwenildo); LT2/202 (Elbenil)Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√LEFE > Elwen [elɸen] > [elβen] > [elwen] ✧ QL/035 ᴱ√LEFE > elwen [elɸen] > [elβen] > [elwen] ✧ QL/052 Variations
- Elben ✧ LT2/202; PE15/23
- Elwen ✧ QL/035
hon
noun. heart
Changes
hondo→ londa “heart” ✧ PE13/162Cognates
Derivations
- ᴱ√HONO “*heart” ✧ QL/040
Element in
- Eq. qentien no máre nar i hondor “*than good, I said, are the hearts” ✧ PE15/32
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√HONO > hon [xondo] > [xondǝ] > [xond] > [hond] > [hon] ✧ QL/040 Variations
- londa ✧ PE13/149; PE13/162
- hondo ✧ PE13/162 (
hondo); QL/040- honde ✧ PE16/137
- hon ✧ QL/040
honde
noun. heart
hondo
noun. heart
londa
noun. heart
minwa
adjective. small
Derivations
- ᴱ√MINI “*small, less” ✧ QL/061
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√MINI > minwa [minwā] > [minwa] ✧ QL/061
ninqe
adjective. white
Cognates
Derivations
- ᴱ√NIQI “white” ✧ LT1A/Taniquetil; QL/066
Element in
- Eq. kildo kirya ninqe “a white ship one saw” ✧ MC/220; PE16/056; PE16/057; PE16/060; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074
- Eq. kirilde tinwelinqe ✧ PE16/056
- Eq. man kiluva kirya ninqe? “Who shall see a white ship?” ✧ MC/213; MC/213
- Eq. máno kiluvando ninqe lutya kirya wilwarindon “*who shall see a white ship sailing like a butterfly” ✧ PE16/077
- Eq. nieninqe “snowdrop, (lit.) white tear” ✧ LT1A/Nielíqui; LT1A/Taniquetil
- Eq. ninqeru “male personified form of white” ✧ PE16/100
- Eq. niqileninqe “snow-white” ✧ QL/066
- Eq. ondolin ninqanéron “the rocks lay white” ✧ PE16/062; PE16/072
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√NIQI > ninqe [niŋkʷi] > [niŋkʷe] ✧ QL/066 Variations
- ninqë ✧ LT1A/Nielíqui; LT1A/Taniquetil
- ninkve ✧ PE16/072; PE16/072; PE16/077
níva
adjective. pale
Element in
- Eq. níve qímari ringa ambar “the pale phantoms in her cold bosom” ✧ MC/213
sor(ne)
noun. eagle
Cognates
- G. thorn “eagle” ✧ LT1A/Sorontur
Derivations
- ᴱ√ÞORO “eagle” ✧ LT1A/Sorontur; QL/086
Element in
- Eq. Sornekiris “Eagles’ Cleft” ✧ LT1A/Sorontur
- Eq. sornion “eyrie” ✧ LT1A/Sorontur; QL/086
- Eq. Sorontur “King of Eagles” ✧ LT1A/Sorontur; QL/086
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ŠORO² > sorne [θorni] > [θorne] > [sorne] ✧ QL/086 Variations
- sor ✧ LT1A/Sorontur; QL/086
- sornë ✧ LT1A/Sorontur
- sorne ✧ QL/086
soron
noun. eagle
Cognates
- En. thorn “eagle” ✧ PE13/154
Variations
- soron ✧ PE13/154
sár(e)a
adjective. fiery
An adjective in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “fiery” with variants sāra and sārea (the second added later) derived from the early root ᴱ√SAH(Y)A “be hot” (QL/81).
Derivations
- ᴱ√SAH(Y)A “be hot” ✧ LT1/248
Variations
- sára ✧ LT1/248
- sārea ✧ QL/081
- sāra ✧ QL/081
tekka
noun. book
Derivations
- ᴱ√TEKE “make marks” ✧ QL/090
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√TEKE > tekka [tekkā] > [tekka] ✧ QL/090
telda
adjective. having a roof
A word for “having a roof” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. tel (teld-) “roof” under the early root ᴱ√TELE (QL/90).
Derivations
- ᴱ√TELE “cover in; close; finish” ✧ LT1A/Telimektar; QL/090
Element in
- Eq. Kiris Iluqingatelda “Gully of the Rainbow Roof” ✧ LT1A/Telimektar
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√TELE > telda [teldā] > [telda] ✧ QL/090
telqe
noun. silver
wende
noun. maiden
Element in
- Eq. tanya wende nieninqea “that maiden like a snowdrop” ✧ MC/215; PE16/090; PE16/092
yelwa
adjective. cold
Derivations
- ᴱ√DYELE “*cold” ✧ LT1A/Melko; QL/106
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√DẎELE > ’yelwa [dʲelwā] > [dʲelwa] > [jelwa] ✧ QL/106 Variations
- ’yelwa ✧ QL/106
ambos
noun. breast
Cognates
Derivations
- ᴱ✶a-mbod-t’ ✧ PE13/137; PE13/159
Element in
- ᴺQ. russambos “robin”
- Eq. unlunke naiqe yu vaile·na ar elle ha men ambostuva “*he pulled his sword from the sheath and drove it into the breast” ✧ PE16/146
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶a-mbod-t’ > ambos [ambodt] > [amboðt] > [ambozt] > [ambost] > [ambos] ✧ PE13/137 ᴱ✶a-mbos-t > ambos [ambost] > [ambos] ✧ PE13/159
kanuva
adjective. leaden
pínea
adjective. small
Element in
- Eq. ne·súme lasser pínea “*small leaves were in the wind” ✧ VT40/08
- Eq. tuksa pínea “hundred” ✧ QL/095
Variations
- pīnea ✧ QL/073; QL/095
qívie
noun. awakening
Variations
- qîvie ✧ GL/29
tyulma
noun. mast
Derivations
- ᴱ√TYULU “tall” ✧ QL/050
Element in
- Eq. tyulmin talalínen aiqalin kautáron “the tall masts bent with the sails” ✧ MC/216; PE16/100; PE16/104
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√TYULU > tyulma [tʲulmā] > [tʲulma] ✧ QL/050 Variations
- tyulme ✧ PE16/100
tyakta-
verb. hew
Derivations
- ᴱ√TYAKA “hew” ✧ QL/049
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√TYAKA > tyakta- [tʲakta-] ✧ QL/049
velunte
noun. sail
Cognates
- G. belon “sail” ✧ GL/22
Derivations
- ᴱ√VELU “unroll” ✧ QL/100
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√VELU > velunte [βeluntē] > [βelunte] > [velunte] ✧ QL/100 Variations
- velu ✧ GL/22
silda
adjective. gleaming
Derivations
- ᴱ√SILI “*gleam”
Element in
- Eq. píke assari silde “blinking on bones gleaming” ✧ MC/214
- Eq. silda-ránar “in the moon gleaming” ✧ MC/213
- Eq. súlimarya sildai, hiswa timpe “*slender columns of pearl, a dim rain” ✧ VT40/08
mailina
adjective. beautiful
Changes
mailina→ mailinen ✧ PE14/056Element in
- Eq. ni·hepsine nímo tanko i·mailinen losselin “(it was) I myself (that) bound firmly the beautiful flowers” ✧ PE14/056
ne
conjunction. that
Element in
- Eq. en ilta n·ner ya me·qetsime ka húyo ne hwa·telpe ie-rautanéma ompa va húyo “thereupon in came the man {from whom we heard >>} by whom we were told his money had all been stolen from him” ✧ PE14/054
- Eq. tule ne “it so happens that, it comes about that, it comes to pass that” ✧ PE14/052; PE14/085
- Eq. ya qensie melmur ne iksa telpe rautanéma “by whom we were told his money had all been stolen from him” ✧ PE14/054
no
preposition. under
nu
preposition. under
Derivations
- ᴱ√NUHU “bow, bend down, stoop, sink”
Element in
- Eq. nu karne vaiya “under red skies” ✧ MC/214
- Eq. silmeráno tindon “shining in the silver moon” ✧ PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074
Variations
- no ✧ PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074 (
no)
tilwindea
adjective. shining
tilwínea
adjective. shining
Variations
- tilwīnea ✧ QL/092 (tilwīnea)
- tilwindea ✧ QL/092 (tilwindea)
wilwarin
noun. butterfly
Cognates
- G. gwilbrin “butterfly” ✧ LT1A/Vilna
Derivations
- ᴱ√GWILI “*fly” ✧ LT1A/Vilna; QL/104
Element in
- Eq. máno kiluvando ninqe lutya kirya wilwarindon “*who shall see a white ship sailing like a butterfly” ✧ PE16/077
- Eq. pinilya wilwarindon “small like a butterfly” ✧ MC/220; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074
- Eq. wilwarinda “butterflylike”
- Eq. valkane wilwarindon “vague as a butterfly” ✧ MC/213
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√GWILI > ’wilwarin [gʷilwarind] > [wilwarind] > [wilwarin] ✧ QL/104 Variations
- ’wilwarin ✧ QL/104
fion
noun. son
A word glossed {“nephew” >>} “son” in an isolated entry of the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with stem form fiond- (QL/37). The same word appeared unglossed under the early root ᴱ√SUẈU where it was derived from primitive ᴱ✶þẉ-iı̯on-d (QL/87).
Derivations
- ᴱ✶þẉ-iı̯on-d ✧ QL/087
- ᴱ√SUẈU “*feminine patronymic” ✧ QL/087
Element in
- Eq. Fionwe ✧ LT1A/Fionwë; QL/038
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶þẉ-iı̯on-d > fion [θwijond] > [swijond] > [swiond] > [fiond] > [fion] ✧ QL/087 Variations
- Fion ✧ LT1A/Fionwë; QL/038
hilmo
noun. son
hilu
noun. son
A word for “son” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants hilu and hilmo under the early root ᴱ√HILI (QL/40), both variants also appearing in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/40).
Derivations
- ᴱ√HILI “*youth, offspring” ✧ QL/040
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√HIL > hilu [xilū] > [xilu] > [hilu] ✧ QL/040 Variations
- hilmo ✧ PME/040; QL/040; QL/106
ilma
noun. air
A word for “air” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/142), probably based on the early root ᴱ√ILU “ether”. Later ᴹQ. Ilma was used for “Starlight” (Ety/GIL; LR/205).
Elements
Word Gloss ILU “ether, the slender airs among the stars”
ion
noun. son
In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, ᴱQ. Ion was the “mystic name of God, 2nd Person of Blessed Trinity”, that is the “Son” in the “Father, Son, Holy Ghost” trinity (QL/43). In that document yon or yond- was given in a couple of places as (archaic?) words for “son” (QL/43, 106). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, Tolkien gave ion as the equivalent of ᴱN. gó “son”, along with a plural form yondi (PE13/113). However, in the English-Qenya Dictionary Tolkien said yondi was an irregular plural form of ᴱQ. yondo “son” (PE15/77), and this is the form he typically used in later writings.
Cognates
- En. gó “son” ✧ PE13/144
Derivations
- ᴱ√YO(NO) ✧ PE13/144
ole
cardinal. three
Derivations
- ᴱ√OLO “tip” ✧ LT1A/Lindelos; QL/069
Element in
- Eq. olwen “thirty six” ✧ QL/069
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√OLO¹ > ole [olē] > [ole] ✧ QL/069 Variations
- olë ✧ LT1A/Lindelos
- ole ✧ QL/069
rau
noun. lion
Cognates
- G. rau “lion” ✧ LT1A/Meássë
Derivations
- ᴱ√RAVA “*hunt” ✧ LT1A/Meássë; QL/079
Element in
- Eq. ravenne “she-lion” ✧ QL/079
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√RAVA > Rau [raβ] > [rau] ✧ QL/079 Variations
- Rau ✧ QL/079
sarma
noun. saw
Cognates
- G. tharm “saw”
Derivations
- ᴱ√ÞARA “*saw” ✧ QL/082
Element in
- Eq. karkasarma “large saw” ✧ QL/048
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√SARA > sarma [sarmā] > [sarma] ✧ QL/082
sá
noun. fire
Cognates
- G. sâ “fire” ✧ LT1A/Sári
Derivations
- ᴱ√SAH(Y)A “be hot” ✧ LT1A/Sári; QL/081
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√SAHA > Sā [sax] > [saɣ] > [sā] ✧ QL/081 Variations
- sâ ✧ LT1A/Sári
- Sá ✧ PME/081
- Sā ✧ QL/081
vondo
noun. son
Cognates
- G. bo(n) “son” ✧ GL/23; LT2A/bo
Derivations
- ᴱ√VO(NO) “son”
Variations
- vô ✧ GL/23; LT2A/bo
vá
noun. wind
vô
noun. son
wá
noun. wind
Cognates
- G. gwâ “wind” ✧ LT1A/Súlimo
Derivations
- ᴱ√GWĀ “*wind” ✧ LT1A/Súlimo; QL/102
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√GWĀ > ’wā [gʷā] > [wā] ✧ QL/102 Variations
- wâ ✧ LT1A/Súlimo
- vá ✧ PE16/142
- vanwe ✧ PE16/142
- ’wā ✧ QL/102
yon
noun. son
yó
noun. son
Derivations
- ᴱ√YO(NO)
Element in
Variations
- yô ✧ LT2A/go; LT2A/Indorion (yô)
- Yon ✧ QL/043
- yon ✧ QL/087 (yon)
- Y̯ó ✧ QL/106 (Y̯ó)
aire
adjective. old
Element in
- Eq. aire móre ala tinwi “the old darkness beyond the stars” ✧ MC/214
Variations
- aire ✧ MC/214
aiwe
noun. bird
Cognates
- G. aigli “bird” ✧ GL/17
Derivations
- ᴱ√AYA ✧ GL/17
Element in
- Eq. anwe or aiqale elta súrut lunte aiwendon lossiattea “*went on the heights driven by the wind a ship like a bird with a blossom-white neck” ✧ PE16/147
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√aı̯² > aiwe [ajwē] > [ajwe] > [aiwe] ✧ GL/17
aksa
noun. waterfall
A word for “waterfall” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the root ᴱ√ASAKA (QL/29). It also appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon as a cognate of G. acha of the same meaning (GL/17).
Cognates
- G. acha “waterfall” ✧ GL/17; LT1A/Asgon
Derivations
- ᴱ√ASAKA “*waterfall” ✧ QL/029
Element in
- Eq. Aksan(da) ✧ LT1A/Asgon
- Eq. Helkarakse “Icefang” ✧ LT1A/Helkaraksë (aksa)
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ASAKA > aksa [asakā] > [asaka] > [aska] > [aksa] ✧ QL/029 Variations
- aksa ✧ GL/17; LT1A/Asgon; LT1A/Helkaraksë; QL/029
aule
adjective. shaggy
An adjective in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “shaggy” derived from the early root ᴱ√OWO that was the basis of “wool” words (QL/71).
Derivations
- ᴱ✶OWO “*wool” ✧ LT1A/Aulë; QL/034; QL/071
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶OWO > Aule [owli] > [owle] > [oule] > [aule] ✧ QL/034 Variations
- aulë ✧ LT1A/Aulë
- Aule ✧ PME/034; QL/034
ausi-
prefix. well
Derivations
- ᴱ√AW̯A “*wealth” ✧ QL/033
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AW̯A > ausi- [awsi-] > [ausi-] ✧ QL/033
kalumet
noun. lamp
Cognates
- En. glavaith “blaze, burning, blazing light” ✧ PE13/162
Derivations
- ᴱ✶k’lamektā ✧ PE13/162
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶k’lamektā > kalumet [kalumekta] > [kalumektǝ] > [kalumekt] > [kalumett] > [kalumet] ✧ PE13/162
laiwa
adjective. pale
Cognates
- En. lhui “pale” ✧ PE13/149
Derivations
- ᴱ✶sleiwa “pale” ✧ PE13/149
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶sleiwa > laiwa [sleiwā] > [sleiwa] > [leiwa] > [laiwa] ✧ PE13/149
mande
adverb. well
Cognates
- G. mai “well”
Derivations
- ᴱ√MANA “*good (moral)” ✧ QL/058
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√MANA > mande [mandē] > [mande] ✧ QL/058
oilima
adjective. last
Changes
oilima→ oilin ✧ PE16/062Element in
- Eq. ailinissen oilimaisen “*on the last shores” ✧ PE16/077
- Eq. ailissen oilimaisen “upon the last beaches” ✧ MC/221; PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/072; PE16/074
- Eq. alkarissen oilimain “in the last rays of light” ✧ MC/221; PE16/062; PE16/074; PE16/077
- Eq. hui oilima “[the last evening]” ✧ MC/214
- Eq. hui oilima man kiluva “Who shall see the last evening?” ✧ MC/214
- Eq. oilimaite “final, ultimate, last”
- Eq. oilima ailinello lúte “leave the last shore” ✧ MC/213
- Eq. óresse oilima “in the last morning” ✧ MC/214
- Eq. oilim’ ambar ien oilin “it was the morning” ✧ PE16/062; PE16/062
- Eq. oilimisse alkarasse ✧ PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/072
Variations
- Oilima ✧ MC/213
- oilin ✧ PE16/062
oive
noun. bird
Cognates
- En. aiw “bird” ✧ PE13/136; PE13/158
Variations
- oi ✧ PE16/132
- oiwe ✧ PE16/132
orda
adjective. lofty
orwa
adjective. lofty
Derivations
- ᴱ√ORO “steepness, rising” ✧ QL/070
Element in
- Eq. ordie “height, loftiness” ✧ QL/070
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ORO¹ > orwa [orwā] > [orwa] ✧ QL/070 Variations
- orda ✧ QL/070
oswe
noun. hip
Derivations
- ᴱ√OSO “‽” ✧ QL/071
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√OSO¹ > oswe [oswē] > [oswe] ✧ QL/071 Variations
- oswe ✧ QL/071
pint
noun. tail
A noun appearing as ᴱQ. pint (pimp-) “tail” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√PIPI “hang, trail” (QL/74).
Neo-Quenya: Helge Fauskanger adopted this word as ᴺQ. pimpë “tail” in his NQNT (NQNT), and I agree with this adaptation, since in later Quenya it was less likely final vowels were lost in disyllables. I would assume a stem form of pimpi- however.
Derivations
- ᴱ√PIPI “hang, trail” ✧ QL/074
Element in
- Eq. pimpevinne “larch” ✧ QL/074
- Eq. pimpilin “hanging tail, tassel” ✧ QL/074
- Eq. pimpina “trailing” ✧ QL/074
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√PIPI > pint [pimp] > [pint] ✧ QL/074
pondo
noun. gate
Derivations
- ᴱ√BOÐO “*gate, door” ✧ QL/075
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√BOÐO > pondo [bonðō] > [bonðo] > [bondo] > [pondo] ✧ QL/075
sana
noun. day (24 hours)
Cognates
- G. dana “day (24 hours)” ✧ GL/29; LT1A/Danuin
Derivations
- ᴱ√ÐANA “day”
Element in
- Eq. Aulisan “Tuesday”
- Eq. Marasan “Tuesday”
- Eq. Qalmisan “Tuesday”
- Eq. Kémisan “Sunday”
- Eq. Manwisan “Sunday”
- Eq. Súlisan “Sunday”
- Eq. Nessaran “Thursday”
- Eq. Poldosan “Thursday”
- Eq. Tulkassan “Thursday”
- Eq. Makarnisan “Saturday”
- Eq. Tinwesan “Monday”
- Eq. Ulmosan “Monday”
- Eq. Vaisan “Monday”
- Eq. Vardasan “Monday”
- Eq. kainendan “fortnight”
- Eq. Fantóran “Wednesday”
- Eq. Koirisan “Wednesday”
- Eq. Vanasan “Wednesday”
- Eq. Falmasan “Friday”
- Eq. Onensan “Friday”
sanda
adjective. that
Changes
santa→ sanda ✧ PE14/055Element in
- Eq. ar tanda kiryaiko lúte ✧ PE16/056; PE16/057; PE16/060
- Eq. ar tanda kirya lúte ✧ PE16/060
- Eq. sanda liante “that vine” ✧ PE14/055
Variations
- santa ✧ PE14/055 (
santa)- tanda ✧ PE16/056; PE16/057; PE16/060; PE16/060
santo
pronoun. that
súlime
noun. wind
A noun for “wind” in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SUHYU “air, breath, exhale, puff” and connected to the name ᴱQ. Súlimo (QL/86). Later on, Q. Súlimë was used as the name of March (LotR/1110), whereas Q. Súlimo became “Breather” (PE21/85), a combination of Q. súlë (†þúlë) “breath” + Q. mo “person”.
Derivations
- ᴱ√SUHYU “air, breath, exhale, puff” ✧ LT1A/Súlimo; QL/086
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√SUHU > sūlime [suxlimē] > [suxlime] > [suɣlime] > [sūlime] ✧ QL/086 Variations
- súlimë ✧ LT1A/Súlimo
- sūlime ✧ QL/086
tala
noun. sail
Element in
- Eq. ar i·kiryo kaluváre talain kulukalmalínen “*and the sails of the ship will shine with golden lights” ✧ PE16/077
- Eq. laivarisse lúnelinqe talalínen tinwelindon? “*in the blue-flowing sea with sails like stars?” ✧ PE16/077
- Eq. tinwelindon talalínen “on wings like stars” ✧ MC/213
- Eq. talainen tinwelindon “with wings like stars” ✧ MC/220; PE16/074
- Eq. talalínen tinwelindon? “*upon wings like stars?” ✧ PE16/077
- Eq. tyulmin talalínen aiqalin kautáron “the tall masts bent with the sails” ✧ MC/216; PE16/100; PE16/104
Variations
- tala ✧ PE16/075
tampo
noun. well
A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ᴱQ. tampo “a well”, derived from the root ᴱ√TṂPṂ “build”; Tolkien considered transferring the word to ᴱ√TAPA “✱stretch” (QL/93). This word also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/93).
Neo-Quenya: I think ᴺQ. tampo “well” might be salvaged in Neo-Quenya as a derivative of √TAM “construct”; it is used this way in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).
Derivations
- ᴱ√TṂPṂ “build” ✧ QL/093
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√TṂPṂ > tampo [tṇ̄pō] > [tṇ̄po] > [tampo] ✧ QL/093
tan(y)a
noun. fire
An element meaning “fire” in some early names: tanya in ᴱQ. Tanyasalpe (LT1/187), tana in ᴱQ. Tana Qentima equivalent of G. Tôn a Gwedrin “Tale-fire” (PE15/7; LT2/197), and possibly also in ᴱQ. Fatanyu “Hell” (GL/51). Tan(y)a is likely a derivative of the early root ᴱ√tan- (GL/69, 71).
Cognates
- G. tôn “fire (on a hearth)”
Derivations
- ᴱ√TANA “*fire, kindle”
Element in
- Eq. Fatanyu “Hell”
- Eq. Tana Qentima “Tale-fire” ✧ PE15/07
- Eq. Tanyasalpe “Bowl of Fire” ✧ LT1A/Tanyasalpë
Variations
- Tanya ✧ LT1A/Tanyasalpë
- Tana ✧ PE15/07
tyulme
noun. mast
uru
noun. fire
Cognates
- G. ûr “smith” ✧ GL/75
Derivations
- ᴱ√URU ✧ LT1A/Ûr; QL/098
Element in
- Eq. (uru)purnie “conflagration” ✧ QL/075
- Eq. uruvoite “fiery, having fire” ✧ LT1A/Ûr; QL/098
- Eq. urúva “like fire” ✧ LT1A/Ûr; QL/098
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√URU > uru [urū] > [uru] ✧ QL/098
vande
adverb. well
Derivations
- ᴱ√VANA “*beauty” ✧ QL/099
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√VANA > vande [βandē] > [βande] > [vande] ✧ QL/099 Variations
- vande ✧ QL/099
vanwe
noun. wind
velu
noun. sail
finde
noun. cunning
finie
noun. cunning
Derivations
- ᴱ√FINI “*cunning” ✧ LT1A/Finwë; QL/038
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√FINI > finië [ɸiniē] > [ɸinie] > [finie] ✧ LT1A/Finwë Variations
- finië ✧ LT1A/Finwë
- findë ✧ LT1A/Finwë
- finde ✧ QL/038
histe
noun/adjective. dusk
kulukalmalínen
with golden lights
The eighth phrase of the first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/220). It is a compound word, a combination of kulu “gold” and the instrumental plural form of kalma “light”.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> kulu-kalma-lí-nen = “✱gold-light-(plural)-with”
Conceptual Development: This phrase appeared in the second draft of the poem, and aside from the variant Finnish-like spellings of the fifth draft (OM1e: PE16/72), it remained the same thereafter.
Element in
Variations
- kulukalmaliinen ✧ PE16/072
lossa
adjective. white
Derivations
- ᴱ√LOSO
Element in
- Eq. losselie telerinwa “the white people of the shores of Elfland” ✧ MC/216; PE16/092
- Eq. ondoli losse karkane “the white rocks snarling” ✧ MC/213
maske
noun. dusk
Cognates
- G. math “dusk” ✧ QL/059
Derivations
- ᴱ√MAÞA “dusk” ✧ QL/059
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√MASA¹ > maske [maθkē] > [maθke] > [maske] ✧ QL/059
tahóra
adjective. lofty
Changes
dahóra→ tahóra “lofty” ✧ PE12/021Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶taχ-sṓđā́ > tahóra [taxsōðā] > [taxsōða] > [taxsōza] > [taxsōra] > [tahōra] ✧ PE12/021 ᴱ√TAHA > tahōra [taxsōðā] > [taxsōða] > [taxsōza] > [taxsōra] > [tahōra] ✧ QL/087 Variations
- dahóra ✧ PE12/021 (
dahóra)- tahōra ✧ PME/088; QL/087 (tahōra)
- tayóra ✧ QL/087
tande
adverb. thither
Element in
- Eq. i oromandin eller tande “the wood-spirits came thither” ✧ MC/215; PE16/090; PE16/092
- Eq. elle tande Nielikkilis “thither came little Niéle” ✧ MC/215; PE16/090; PE16/092
tekte
noun. book
Derivations
- ᴱ√TEKE “make marks” ✧ QL/090
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√TEKE > tekte [tekti] > [tekte] ✧ QL/090
tolle
noun. island
turwa
adjective. powerful
An adjective for “powerful” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TURU “am strong” (QL/96).
Neo-Quenya: Since √TUR remains connected to power in Tolkien’s later writings, I’d retain this word for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but I’d use it for general or abstract forms of potency, as opposed to being physically powerful (turca or [ᴹQ.] poldórea) or politically powerful (túrëa). For example: turwa nus “a powerful smell” or turwa vangwe “a powerful storm”.
Derivations
- ᴱ√TURU “am strong” ✧ QL/095
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√TURU > turwa [turwā] > [turwa] ✧ QL/095
túma
adjective. moving
Derivations
- ᴱ√TUM(B)U “‽”
Element in
- Eq. mandu túma “the abyss moving” ✧ MC/214
valkane
adjective. vague
Element in
- Eq. valkane wilwarindon “vague as a butterfly” ✧ MC/213
Variations
- valkane ✧ MC/213
- valka ✧ PE16/081
valma
adjective. powerful
Derivations
- ᴱ√WALA “fortune, happiness; *power”
welme
noun. spring
welwe
noun. spring
Cognates
- G. gwelwi “spring of water”
Derivations
- ᴱ√GWELE “*boil, bubble” ✧ QL/103
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√GWELE > ’welwe [gʷelwē] > [gʷelwe] > [welwe] ✧ QL/103 Variations
- ’welwe ✧ QL/103
- ’welme ✧ QL/103
wilin
noun. bird
A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “bird”, derived from the early root ᴱ√GWILI that was the basis for words having to do with flight (QL/104).
Derivations
- ᴱ√GWILI “*fly” ✧ LT1A/Vilna; QL/104
Element in
- Eq. wilindea “as a bird” ✧ QL/104
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√GWILI > ’wilin [gʷilin] > [wilin] ✧ QL/104 Variations
- ’wilin ✧ QL/104
lótefalmarínen
with waves crowned with flowers
The sixth phrase of the first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/220). It is a compound word, a combination of lóte “flower”, and the instrumental plural form falmarínen of the noun falmar “wave”. In the English translation “with waves crowned with flowers”, the word “crowned” is a poetic addition. A better translation might be “with foamcrests like flowers” (PE16/62).
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> lóte-falmar-í-nen = “✱flower-wave-(plural)-with”
Conceptual Development: This phrase appeared in the second draft of the poem (OM1b: PE16/57-8), where Tolkien wrote i falmain lótanéro >> falmain lótanéren, using the nominative plural of the related noun falma “foam” and the feminine plural of the verb lóto- “to bloom”, perhaps “✱foam was blooming”. He revised it to lótefalmarínen in the third draft (OM1c: PE16/60) and aside from the variant Finnish-like spellings of the fifth draft (OM1e: PE16/72), it remained the same thereafter.
Element in
Elements
Word Gloss lóte “flower, bloom, blossom” falmar “wave (as it breaks), foamcrest” Variations
- lótefalmarínen, ✧ MC/220
- {i falmain >>} falmain {lótanéro >>} lótanéren ✧ PE16/057
- lootefalmariinen ✧ PE16/072
fairie
noun. freedom
Cognates
- G. faidwen “freedom” ✧ LT1A/Dor Faidwen
Variations
- fairië ✧ LT1A/Dor Faidwen
oi(we)
noun. bird
telempe
noun. silver
tolome
noun. island
A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “island”, a more elaborate form of ᴱQ. tol of similar meaning (QL/94). It also appeared as tolome “island” in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/94).
tuilére
noun. Spring
Cognates
- G. tuilir “spring(time)” ✧ QL/096
Element in
- Eq. Tuiléris “April” ✧ QL/096
Variations
- Tuilérë ✧ LT1A/Tuilérë; LT1I/Tuilérë
- Tui(lēre) ✧ PME/096
- Tuilēre ✧ QL/096
- Tui ✧ QL/096 (Tui)
- tuilē-re ✧ QL/096
ulmula
adjective. mumbling
Element in
- Eq. húro ulmula “the storm mumbling” ✧ MC/214
fólima
adjective. secretive
Variations
- fôlima ✧ LT2A/Foalókë; QL/038
taurelasselindon
like leaves of forests
The fourteenth phrase of the Oilima Markirya poem (second version) (MC/213), and the tenth phrase of the first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/220). It is a compound word, a combination of taure “forest” and the adverbial plural form of lasse “leaf”.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> taure-lasse-li-ndon = “✱forest-leaf-(plural)-like”
Conceptual Development: This phrase first appeared in the fourth draft of the first version of this poem (OM1d: PE16/62) and remained the same thereafter.
Element in
- Eq. Oilima Markirya “The Last Ark”
Elements
Word Gloss taure “forest” lasse “leaf; petal” Variations
- taurelässelindon ✧ PE16/072
húro
noun. storm
Derivations
- ᴱ√SURU “to blow”
Element in
- Eq. húro ulmula “the storm mumbling” ✧ MC/214
kulu
noun. gold
Cognates
- G. culu “gold” ✧ LT2A/Glingol; PE15/22
Derivations
- ᴱ√KULU “gold” ✧ QL/049
Element in
- Eq. a kálie kulundon “it shone like gold” ✧ PE14/046
- Eq. ar i·kiryo kaluváre talain kulukalmalínen “*and the sails of the ship will shine with golden lights” ✧ PE16/077
- Eq. kuluin “goldfish” ✧ QL/049
- Eq. i tolma kuluinen “the helm of gold” ✧ PE14/046
- Eq. kai kuluinen “*ten pieces of gold” ✧ PE14/083
- Eq. kea kulu “ten pieces of gold” ✧ PE14/084
- Eq. kuluvoite “golden” ✧ QL/049
- Eq. kuluina “golden”
- Eq. kulukalmalínen “with golden lights” ✧ MC/220; PE16/057; PE16/060; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074
- Eq. kulmarin “orange” ✧ QL/049
- Eq. kulurin “orange; piece of gold” ✧ QL/049
- Eq. kulusta “gold coin” ✧ QL/049
- Eq. Kulufindl
- Eq. kululta “of gold” ✧ QL/049
- Eq. kuluva “of gold” ✧ QL/049
- Eq. Parma Kuluinen “Golden Book” ✧ LT2A/Parma Kuluinen
- Eq. yúyo kuluinen “two (pieces of) gold” ✧ PE14/050; PE14/083
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√KULU > kulu [kulū] > [kulu] ✧ QL/049 Variations
- Kulu ✧ LT2A/Glingol; PE15/22
The word ᴱQ. qerka appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as the cognate of G. cwerc “throat” (GL/28). ᴱQ. qerka “throat” appeared again in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/136), but in a list of body parts from this same period it was ᴱQ. qelqa “throat” (PE14/117). There are no signs of these words in Tolkien’s later writings.