Quenya 

hloima

poison

hloima noun "poison", "a poisonous substance" (PE17:185)

sangwa

poison

sangwa noun "poison" (SAG)

hloima

noun. poison, poisonous substance

A word appearing in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 glossed “(a) poison(ous substance)” and derived from √SLOY (PE17/185).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. heno (henu-) “venom, poison” under the early root ᴱ√HEN+U (QL/40), with a variant feno (QL/38). The contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa had only the stem form henŭ- “venom” (PME/40). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien had a completely different word ᴹQ. sangwa “poison” derived from primitive ᴹ✶sagmā under the root ᴹ√SAG (Ety/SAG).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would stick to the 1957 word hloima, used for a specific poison or poisonous substance, as opposed to hloirë for poisonousness or poison in the abstract.

Cognates

  • S. lhoew “poison(ous substance)” ✧ PE17/185

Derivations

  • √SLOY “*poison” ✧ PE17/185

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√SLOY > hloima[sloima] > [l̥oima]✧ PE17/185

hloirë

venom, poison, poisonousness

hloirë noun "venom, poison, poisonousness" (PE17:185)

hloirë

noun. venom, poison, poisonousness

A noun in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 glossed “venom, poison(ousness)” derived from the root √SLOY (PE17/185). I think this applies to poison in the abstract, as opposed to hloima used for a specific venomous substance.

Cognates

  • S. lhoer “venom, poison(ousness)” ✧ PE17/185

Derivations

  • √SLOY “*poison” ✧ PE17/185

Element in

  • Q. hloirëa “venomous, venomous, *poisonous” ✧ PE17/185

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√SLOY > hloire[sloire] > [l̥oire]✧ PE17/185

Variations

  • hloire ✧ PE17/185

hloita-

to poison, envenom, fill with poison

hloita- vb. "to poison, envenom, fill with poison" (PE17:185)

hloita-

verb. to poison, envenom, fill with poison

A verb in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 glossed “to poison, envenom, fill with poison” derived from the root √SLOY (PE17/185).

Derivations

  • √SLOY “*poison” ✧ PE17/185

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√SLOY > hloita-[sloita-] > [l̥oita-]✧ PE17/185

sára

adjective. *bitter, [ᴹQ.] bitter

@@@ used as “sour” in NQNT

Derivations

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶sagrā > sára[sagrā] > [saɣrā] > [sārā] > [sāra]✧ PE19/095

Sindarin 

lhoer

noun. venom

n. venom, poison(ousness). Q. hloire.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:185] < SLOY. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

saew

poison

(noun) saew (i haew, o saew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i saew)

saew

poison

(i haew, o saew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i saew)

Primitive elvish

sloy

root. *poison

An unglossed root appeared in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 with derivatives like Q. hloima/S. lhoew “poison” and Q. hloirë/S. lhoer “venom” (PE17/185).

Derivatives

  • Q. hloima “poison, poisonous substance” ✧ PE17/185
  • Q. hloirë “venom, poison, poisonousness” ✧ PE17/185
  • Q. hloita- “to poison, envenom, fill with poison” ✧ PE17/185
  • S. lhoer “venom, poison(ousness)” ✧ PE17/185
  • S. lhoew “poison(ous substance)” ✧ PE17/185

Variations

  • SLOY- ✧ PE17/145
Primitive elvish [PE17/145; PE17/185] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

saew

noun. poison

Noldorin [Ety/385] Group: SINDICT. Published by

saew

noun. poison

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. sangwa “poison” ✧ Ety/SAG

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶sagmā “poison” ✧ Ety/SAG
    • ᴹ√SAG “*bitter, poison” ✧ Ety/SAG
  • On. sagma “poison” ✧ PE22/032
    • ᴹ✶sagmā “poison”
    • ᴹ√SAG “*bitter, poison” ✧ Ety/SAG

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶sagmā > saew[sagmā] > [sagma] > [saŋma] > [saima] > [saim] > [saem] > [saev] > [saew]✧ Ety/SAG
On. sagma > saʒmh > sae̯mh > saęw[sagmā] > [sagma] > [saŋma] > [saima] > [saim] > [saem] > [saev] > [saew]✧ PE22/032

Variations

  • saęw ✧ PE22/032
Noldorin [Ety/SAG; PE22/032] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

sangwa

noun. poison

Cognates

  • N. saew “poison” ✧ Ety/SAG

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶sagmā “poison” ✧ Ety/SAG
    • ᴹ√SAG “*bitter, poison” ✧ Ety/SAG

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶sagmā > sangwa[sagmā] > [saŋmā] > [saŋgwā] > [saŋgwa]✧ Ety/SAG

Old Noldorin 

sagma

noun. poison

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶sagmā “poison”
    • ᴹ√SAG “*bitter, poison” ✧ Ety/SAG

Derivatives

  • N. saew “poison” ✧ PE22/032
Old Noldorin [PE22/032] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

sagmā

noun. poison

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SAG “*bitter, poison” ✧ Ety/SAG

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. sangwa “poison” ✧ Ety/SAG
  • N. saew “poison” ✧ Ety/SAG
  • On. sagma “poison”
    • N. saew “poison” ✧ PE22/032
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/SAG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sag

root. *bitter, poison

An unglossed root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. sangwa/N. saew “poison” and ᴹQ. sára/N. saer “bitter” (Ety/SAG). Later poison words were derived from √SLOY, but I think this root is worth retaining in Neo-Eldarin as the basis for “bitter”.

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶sagmā “poison” ✧ Ety/SAG
    • ᴹQ. sangwa “poison” ✧ Ety/SAG
    • N. saew “poison” ✧ Ety/SAG
    • On. sagma “poison”
    • N. saew “poison” ✧ PE22/032
  • ᴹ✶sagrā “bitter” ✧ Ety/SAG
    • ᴹQ. sára “bitter” ✧ Ety/SAG
    • N. saer “bitter” ✧ Ety/SAG
  • ᴺQ. sála “gall, bile”
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/SAG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

piqi

root. *bitter

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. píqa “bitter” and ᴱQ. piqis(se) “grief” (QL/74). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. pigwa “bitter” and G. piglin “urine” (GL/64). Later words for “bitter” were derived from the root ᴹ√SAG.

Derivatives

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ƕen+u Reconstructed

root. *poison

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ᴱ√HEN+U with derivatives having to do with poison (QL/40). Many of the Qenya derivatives begin with f, such as ᴱQ. heno “venom, poison” beside feno and ᴱQ. fent “serpent”, versus ᴱQ. henuva “venomous, poisonous”. Thus I think the true root may have been ᴱ√ǶEN+U or it at least had such a variant, since [[eq|initial and intervocalic ƕ [xʷ] became f]] in Early Qenya. Its Gnomish cognates likewise mostly began with f, such as G. fem “venom” and G. fenog “venomous” (GL/34). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.

Derivatives

  • Eq. heno “venom, poison” ✧ QL/040
  • G. fent “snake”
  • G. fem “venom (of snakes), poison in general”

Variations

  • HEN+U ✧ QL/040
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/040] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

feno

noun. venom, poison

Element in

heno

noun. venom, poison

Cognates

  • G. fem “venom (of snakes), poison in general”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ǶEN+U “*poison” ✧ QL/040

Element in

  • Eq. fent “serpent, dragon” ✧ QL/038
  • Eq. fenume “dragon” ✧ QL/038
  • Eq. henuva “venomous, poisonous” ✧ QL/040

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√HEN+U > feno[xʷenu] > [xʷeno] > [feno]✧ QL/040
ᴱ√HEN+U > heno[xenu] > [xeno] > [heno]✧ QL/040

Variations

  • feno ✧ QL/038
Early Quenya [PME/040; QL/038; QL/040] Group: Eldamo. Published by