@@@ used for “poor” in NQNT
Quenya
penya
lacking, inadequate
penya
adjective. lacking, inadequate, lacking, inadequate; *poor
Derivations
- √PEN “lack, be without, have not”
Element in
Sindarin
pen
adverb. lacking
adv. lacking, without.
pen
lacking
(lenited ben) (without, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”.
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
Early Primitive Elvish
manga
root. lacking
A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “lacking”, with derivatives ᴱQ. mange “lack, want, shortage” and ᴱQ. manka “few” (QL/59). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing, and it may have been replaced by √PEN “lack” in the 1950s and 60s.
Derivatives
penya adj. "lacking, inadequate"; pl. penyë in penyë tengwi "lacking signs", "inadequate signs"; in early Elvish analysis of Quenya the term for vowels with no preceding consonant, held (in many cases incorrectly) to have lost such a consonant (VT39:6, 8)