interj. o. A Elbereth Gilthoniel 'O Elbereth Who lit the Stars'.
Sindarin
Ae
interjection. O!
a
interjection. o
a
interjection. O!
a
interjection. O!
Element in
- S. ae Adar nín i vi Menel “our Father who [art] in Heaven” ✧ VT44/22
- S. a Elbereth Gilthoniel “o Elbereth who lit the stars” ✧ LotR/0238; LotR/0729; RGEO/63; RGEO/64; RGEO/64
- S. a Hîr Annûn Gilthoniel “*oh Lady of the West, Star-kindler” ✧ LB/354
- S. a tiro nin, Fanuilos “o guard me, Elbereth” ✧ LotR/0729; RGEO/64
Variations
- A ✧ LB/354; LotR/0238; LotR/0729; LotR/0729; RGEO/63; RGEO/64; RGEO/64; RGEO/64
- a ✧ Let/279
- Ae ✧ VT44/22
ae
interjection. O!
o
preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)
According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
o
preposition. from
_ prep. _from, of. In older S. o had the form od before vowels. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'.
o
preposition. from
_ prep. _from. . This gloss was rejected.
o
preposition. from, of
@@@ for o + in = uin, compare no + i = nui (Ety/NU)
Derivations
- √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ PE17/024; WJ/366
- ✶ăwă “from” ✧ PE17/148
- √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ PE17/148
Element in
- S. Aerlinn in Edhil o Imladris “*Holy Song of the Elves of Rivendell” ✧ RGEO/62
- S. a Pherhael ar am Meril suilad uin aran o Minas Tirith nelchaenen ned Echuir “to Samwise and Rose the King’s greeting from Minas Tirith, the thirty-first day of Stirring” ✧ SD/129; SD/129; SD/129; SD/129; SD/129
- S. Celebrimbor o Eregion teithant i thiw hin “Celebrimbor of Hollin drew these signs” ✧ LotR/0305; PE17/042
- S. o galadhremmin ennorath “from tree-tangled middle-lands” ✧ LotR/0238; PE17/024; RGEO/63; RGEO/64
- ᴺS. oman “whence, from where, (lit.) from what”
- S. o menel aglar elenath “from heaven on high the glory of the starry host” ✧ LotR/0238; PE17/024; RGEO/63; RGEO/64
- S. o menel palan-diriel “from heaven gazing far” ✧ LotR/0729; RGEO/64
-o
suffix. imperative
Cognates
- Q. á “imperative particle” ✧ PE17/040
Derivations
- ✶ā “imperative” ✧ WJ/365; WJ/372
Element in
- S. ped- “to say, speak” ✧ PE17/040
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶ā > ō > o [ā] > [ǭ] > [au] > [o] ✧ WJ/365 ✶ā > -o [ā] > [ǭ] > [au] > [o] ✧ WJ/372 Variations
- o ✧ PE17/040; WJ/365
nan
preposition. of
no
verb. be!
od
preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)
According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
go-
together
_pref. _together. Q. o-.
na-
verb. to be
uin
preposition. of the
gwa-
prefix. together (only in old compounds, the living form is go-)
ai!
hail
! (interjection) ai! _(according to one interpretation of Glorfindel_s cry ai na vedui, Dúnadan!)
ai!
hail
(according to one interpretation of Glorfindel’s cry ai na vedui, Dúnadan!)
e
pronoun. he
The meaning "he" is deduced from the apparent function of this word in the so-called "King's Letter", but it also seems possible to interpret it as "indeed" (as in Q. e, LR/63, VT/45:11), used here in a way of formal address expressing the wishes or the will of the King
e
he
1) e (SD:128-31), 2) ho, hon, hono. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)
e
pronoun. he
Cognates
- ᴹQ. e “he, she, it”
Element in
- S. ar e aníra ennas suilannad mhellyn în phain “and he desires to greet there all his friends” ✧ AotM/062; SD/129
- S. edregol e aníra tírad i Cherdir Perhael (i sennui Panthael estathar aen) Condir i Drann “in especial he desires to see Master Samwise (who should be called Fullwise) Mayor of the Shire” ✧ AotM/062; SD/129
e
he
(SD:128-31)
e
away
ed (out, forth); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition "out from, out of" (WJ:367)
gwachae
away
1) (adj.) gwachae (remote), lenited wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch (PM:186, isolated from gwahaedir). 2) (adv.) e, ed (out, forth); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition "out from, out of" (WJ:367)
gwachae
away
(remote), lenited ’wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch *(PM:186, isolated from gwahaedir)*.
na
be
: The verb ”to be” is poorly attested. Apparently the root is na-. The imperative is attested as no, and nad (used = ”thing”) may be seen as an original gerund *”a being”. It seems that the copula ”is, are” (and ”was, were”?) can be omitted altogether, as in the ”Noldorin” sentence lheben teil brann i annon ”five feet high [is] the door” (AI:92), in Sindarin perhaps *leben tail brand i annon.
na
be
. The imperative is attested as no, and nad (used = ”thing”) may be seen as an original gerund ✱”a being”. It seems that the copula ”is, are” (and ”was, were”?) can be omitted altogether, as in the ”Noldorin” sentence lheben teil brann i annon ”five feet high [is] the door” (AI:92), in Sindarin perhaps ✱leben tail brand i annon.
nae
alas
(interjection) nae
nae
alas
a
o
; O Elbereth Gilthoniel A Elbereth Gilthoniel. The alternative form ae may be used when the next word begins in a: Ae Adar nín, O my Father (VT44:23). By another theory, ae represents a + the definite article i (✱a i Adar nín "o the Father of mine").
o
of
(od), followed by hard mutation. With article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by ”mixed” mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366). Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning”.
o
concerning
o (about), becoming o h- before a vowel, e.g. o hEdhil ”concerning Elves” (read perhaps oh Edhil in Sindarn spelling)
o
concerning
(about), becoming o h- before a vowel, e.g. o hEdhil ”concerning Elves” (read perhaps oh Edhil in Sindarn spelling)
o
from
(od), followed by hard mutation; with article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by mixed mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366) Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning” (q.v. for this meaning of ”of”). 2) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of” 3)
o
about
o (concerning), becoming o h- before a vowel, e.g. o hEdhil ”about/concerning Elves”. Read perhaps oh Edhil in Sindarin orthography.
o
about
(concerning), becoming o h- before a vowel, e.g. o hEdhil ”about/concerning Elves”. Read perhaps oh Edhil in Sindarin orthography.
o
of)
M (also used = OF) o (od), followed by hard mutation. With article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by ”mixed” mutation according to David Salos reconstuctuons). (WJ:366). Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning”.
o
from)
o (od), followed by hard mutation; with article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by mixed mutation according to David Salos reconstuctuons). (WJ:366) Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning” (q.v. for this meaning of ”of”). 2) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salos reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of” 3)
go
together
(prefix) go-, gwa- (+ lenition) (co-, com-).
go
together
gwa- (+ lenition) (co-, com-).
ho
he
hon, hono. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)*
or
over
(adjectival prefix) or- (above, high)
or
over
(above, high)
os
about, around
(as in osgar- ”cut around”
thar
over
(adverbial prefix) thar- (across, athwart, beyond)
thar
over
(across, athwart, beyond)
en
of the
e- (sg. genitival article)
godref
through together
(AI:92)
See also ai.1 and a.2