Quenya 

númen

west, the way of the sunset

númen noun "west, the way of the sunset" (SA:andúnë, cf. NDŪ, MEN; capitalized Númen under SA:men and in CO), "going down, occudent" (Letters:361), also name of tengwa #17 _(Appendix E). _According to VT45:38, the word is actually cited as "nú-men" in Tolkien's Etymologies manuscript. Allative númenna "Westward" (LR:47, SD:310, VT49:20, capitalized Númenna, VT49:22; numenna with a short u, VT49:23); adj. númenquerna "turned westward" (VT49:18, 20). See also númenyaron, númessier. - In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, "nú-men" was intended as the name of tengwa #21, to which letter Tolkien at this stage assigned the value n (VT45:38). However, this tengwa was later given the Quenya value r instead and was renamed órë.

númen

noun. west, direction or region of the sunset, occident, (lit.) going down

The word númen or núme was the Quenya word for “west” for much of Tolkien’s life, and was also the name of tengwa #17 (LotR/1123). It is a combination of √N(D)Ū “go down” and √MEN “way” (PE17/64; Ety/NDŪ, MEN), so originally meaning “going down” or “way of the setting sun” (Let/361) in the same way that rómen “east” is the direction of the rising sun. Q. númen is thus similar in origin to English “occident”. As a standalone word it is usually númen, but in compounds or with inflections it is frequently reduced to núme-. For the Elves, númen is considered the primary direction, since it points towards Aman where the Two Trees were (LotR/1123; VT49/8).

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. nūme “west” dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s where it appeared under the early root ᴱ√NUHU “bow, bend down. stoop, sink” (QL/68). The form númen did not appear as an independent word until The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/MEN), and númen was already the name of tengwa #17 in the earliest version of notes on The Feanorian Alphabet (PE22/23).

Quenya [Let/361; LotR/1123; PE17/016; PE17/018; PE17/064; PE17/125; SA/andúnë; SA/men; UT/305; UT/317; VT49/20; VT49/22] Group: Eldamo. Published by

númë

noun. west

-nna

to, at, upon

-nna "to, at, upon", allative ending, originating from -na "to" with fortified n, VT49:14. Attested in cilyanna, coraryanna, Endorenna, Elendilenna, númenórenna, parma-restalyanna, rénna, senna, tielyanna, q.v. If a noun ends in -n already, the ending -nna merges with it, as in Amanna, formenna, Elenna, númenna, rómenna as the allative forms of Aman, formen, elen, númen, rómen (q.v.). Plural -nnar in mannar, valannar, q.v.

úsië, an cé mo quernë cendelë númenna, ve senya

on the contrary, for if one turned the face westward, as was usual

Third phrase @@@

| |  I  | II |III|IV|  V  |VI|VII| |{lasi >> la >>}|lasir|>>|ūsir|úsir| |úsir|>> úsie| |{pan >> an >>}|an ké mo| |{nanquerne >> númequerna >>}|querne|{quernesse >>} quernes|querne|quere|querne| |immo|kanwarya|kendele| |númenna|(ve senya)|númenna| |(ve ...)| |(ve senwa)|(ve senya)|{i hyarma} númenna|ve senya|

Quenya [VT49/06; VT49/07; VT49/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

úsir

conjunction. on the contrary

úsië

conjunction. on the contrary

-nna

to

-n (1) dative ending, originating as a reduced form of - "to", related to the allative ending -nna (VT49:14). Attested in nin, men, ten, enyalien, Erun, airefëan, tárin, yondon (q.v.) and also added to the English name Elaine (Elainen) in a book dedication to Elaine Griffiths (VT49:40). The longer dative ending -na is also attested in connection with some pronouns, such as sena, téna, véna (q.v.), also in the noun mariéna from márië "goodness" (PE17:59). Pl. -in (as in hínin, see hína), partitive pl. -lin, dual -nt (Plotz). The preposition ana (#1) is said to be used "when purely dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that it can replace the dative ending, e.g. *ana Eru instead of Erun for "to God". In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the ending -n (or -en) expressed genitive rather than dative, but he later decided that the genitive ending was to be -o (cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren becoming Yénië Valinórëo, MR:200).

ana

to

ana (1) prep. "to" (VT49:35), "as preposition _ana _is used when purely _dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that the preposition ana can be used instead of the dative ending -n (#1, q.v.) Also as prefix: ana- "to, towards" (NĀ1); an (q.v.) is used with this meaning in one source (PE17:127)_

lasi

on the contrary

lasi or lasir, -sír adv. "on the contrary", possibly an ephemeral form Tolkien replaced by úsië (VT49:17-18)

na

to, towards

na (2) prep. "to, towards", possibly obsoleted by #1 above; for clarity writers may use the synonym ana instead (NĀ1). Originally, Tolkien glossed na as "at, by, near"; the new meaning entered together with the synonyms an, ana (VT45:36).

úsir

on the contrary

úsir adv. "on the contrary", a form Tolkien may have abandoned in favor of úsië (VT49:18)

úsië

on the contrary

úsië adv. "on the contrary" (VT49:8, 35). Cf. lasi.

Noldorin 

annûn

noun. west, sunset

Noldorin [Ety/376, S/428, LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E, LB/354, Lett] Group: SINDICT. Published by

annûn

noun. west

Noldorin [Ety/NDŪ; Ety/RŌ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dûn

noun. west

Noldorin [Ety/376, S/428, LotR/E-F] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dûn

noun. west

Noldorin [Ety/NDŪ; Ety/RŌ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

heltha-

verb. to strip

The form helta- in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:14

Noldorin [Ety/386, VT/46:14] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Black Speech

u

preposition. to

Black Speech [LotR/0445; PE17/078; PM/083] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

an

preposition. to

Primitive elvish [PE23/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Sindarin 

an

preposition. to, towards, for

With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath

Sindarin [LotR/II:IV, UT/39, SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

an

to

_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath  'glory to all the Halflings'.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:38:102:147] < _ana _< ANA/NĀ to, towards – added to, plu-. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

annûn

noun. west, sunset

Sindarin [Ety/376, S/428, LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E, LB/354, Lett] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dûn

noun. west

Sindarin [Ety/376, S/428, LotR/E-F] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dûn

noun. west

_n. _west. Q. -. >> annûn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:18:121] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

dûn

noun. west

The Sindarin word for “west” based on primitive ᴹ✶ndūne derived from the root √NDU “go down” (LotR/1116; PE17/18; Ety/NDŪ; EtyAC/NDŪ). More exactly it is “the way of the sunset” (SA/andúnë). The related word annûn “sunset”, also used to mean “the West”, was derived from ✶ṇdūnē with syllabic initial .

Sindarin [LotR/1116; LotR/1123; LotR/1130; PE17/018; PE17/121; SA/andúnë; WJ/378] Group: Eldamo. Published by

na

to

e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:147] < _nā _< ANA/NĀ to, towards – added to, plu-. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

na

preposition. to

prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:20-1:25] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

an

to

(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).

an

to

(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)

annûn

west

  1. annûn; 2) Dúven (na Núven, o Ndúven). Christopher Tolkien tentatively read the illegible gloss as ”southern” (LR:376 s.v. NDŪ), but the etymology seems to demand the meaning ”west”: dú-ven with the same ending as in Forven ”North” and Harven ”South”. The ending means ”way”, so Dúven may be ”west” considered as a direction. WEST-ELF (Elf of Beleriand, including Noldor and Sindar) Dúnedhel (i Núnedhel), pl. Dúnedhil (i Ndúnedhil). (WJ:378, 386)

annûn

west

dúnedhel

west-elf

(i Núnedhel), pl. *Dúnedhil*** (i Ndúnedhil*). (WJ:378, 386)*

dúven

west

(na Núven, o Ndúven). Christopher Tolkien tentatively read the illegible gloss as ”southern” (LR:376 s.v. NDŪ), but the etymology seems to demand the meaning ”west”: dú-ven with the same ending as in Forven ”North” and Harven ”South”. The ending means ”way”, so Dúven may be ”west” considered as a direction.


Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

númen

noun. west

Qenya [Ety/MEN; Ety/NDŪ; EtyAC/NDŪ; LR/047; LR/056; LR/071; LR/072; PE22/023; PE22/050; PE22/126; SD/240; SD/303; SD/305; SD/310; SMI/Númen] Group: Eldamo. Published by

núme

noun. west

malle téna lende númenna

a road [once] went straight westward

Qenya [LR/047; LR/056; SD/310] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

núme

noun. west

Early Quenya [LT1/085; LT1A/Faskala-númen; LT1A/Númë; LT1A/Sirnúmen; PME/068; QL/068] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

ndūne

noun. west

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/NDŪ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

to

proper name. To