This is apparently an adjective form of nelekwe “thirteen” and is thus probably an ordinal number “thirteenth” (VT48/21). Compare neldëa “third” vs. neldë “three”.
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar (EQG) of the 1920s had ᴱQ. nelkaiya or {nelkeatya >>} nelkeanya “thirteenth” based on ᴱQ. nelkea “thirteen” (PE14/51, 82).
nelquëa, cardinal "thirteen" (?) (VT48:21). This looks like an odd form next to other cardinals that simply end in -quë (like lepenquë, enenquë, otoquë = 15, 16, 17), and the form "nelekwe" also listed may indicate another Quenya form nelequë (q.v.) or *nelquë (but because of the uncertainties, yunquentë may be preferred as the word for 13). By another theory, nelquëa* is the ordinal "thirteenth", corresponding to the cardinal nel(e)quë**.