nanca

slain

nanca adj. *"slain" (PE17:68); see -na

nanca

adjective. *hewn, slain

An adjective in notes from 1967 derived from primitive ✶ndakna (PE17/68) and hence based on the root √NDAK “hew, slay”, so perhaps meaning “✱hewn” or “✱slain”. For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would assume “✱hewn”, since nahtana likely means “✱slain”.

nancar-

undo

#nancar- vb. "undo" (destroy). Cited in the form nancari- ("k"), apparently including the connecting vowel of the aorist (PE17:166)

nancar-

verb. to undo, to undo, *destroy

A verb for “undo” appearing in notes from around 1959 as a combination of nan- “back (again)” and car- “do” (PE17/166).

Neo-Quenya: Helge Fauskanger also used this verb to mean “destroy” in his NQNT (NQNT), but I prefer ᴺQ. fehta- this meaning; see that entry for discussion.

nancal-

verb. to reflect, (lit.) shine back

nancam-

verb. to receive back

A neologism for “pay back” coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT) as a combination of nan- “back” and cam- “receive”. I prefer cav- for “receive”.

nancarindo

noun. destroyer

nancarpa-

verb. to talk back

nancáro

noun. destroyer

A neologism for “destroyer” coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT), also appearing in the longer form nancarindo. These are based on nancar- which Tolkien glossed “undo”, but Fauskanger also used for “destroy”. I prefer ᴺQ. fehta- for “destroy”, and would use ᴺQ. fehtar for “destroyer”.

-na

no longer part of verbal conjugation

-na (4), ending used to form passive participles as well as some adjectives and nouns; see -ina. According to PE17:68, the ending -na was "no longer part of verbal conjugation"; the derived words are thus considered independent adjectives (sometimes nouns) rather than regularly derived passive participles, the obvious etymological connection to certain verbal stems notwithstanding. Where adding the ending to a root would produce the combinations tn, pn, kn (cn), metathesis occurs to produce nt, (np >) mp, nc, as in nanca *"slain" for older ¤ndakna, or hampa "restrained, delayed, kept" vs. the root KHAP "retain, keep, detain". Following -l, the suffix -na turns into -da, as in yulda "draught, the amount drunk" for older yulna (this being an example of a noun being derived with this ending, though Tolkien might also explain yulda as containing a distinct ending -da [q.v.] denoting the result of a verbal action). The word *turúna "mastered" (q.v., only attested in elided form turún) would seem to be a passive participle formed from the verb turu- "master" (PE17:113), suggesting that in the case of U-stem verbs, their final -u is lengthened to ú when -na is added.

nancárima

adjective. destructible

A neologism for “destructible” coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT), based on nancar- which Tolkien glossed “undo”, but Fauskanger also used for “destroy”. I prefer ᴺQ. fehta- for “destroy”.

-na

suffix. slain

A shorter ending -na also occurs, e.g. nahtana "slain" (VT49:24); the example hastaina "marred" would suggest that *nahtaina is equally possible. In the example aistana "blessed" (VT43:30), -na may be preferred to -ina for euphonic reasons, to avoid creating a second diphthong ai where one already occurs in the previous syllable (*aistaina). In PE17:68, the ending -ina is said to be "aorist" (unmarked as regards time and aspect); the same source states that the shorter ending -na is "no longer part of verbal conjugation", though it obviously survives in many words that are maybe now to be considered independent adjectives. See -na #4.

nahtana

adjective. *slain

A word that seems to be an adjective form of nahta- “to slay”, appearing in the 1969 phrase nahtana ló Turin which itself likely means “✱slain by Túrin” as suggested by Patrick Wynne (VT49/24). It is possible that nahtana is a simple adjective, but it may also be some form of passive participle.

nahtalë

noun. slaughter

A neologism coined by Paul Strack in 2022 specifically for Eldamo, an abstract noun form of nahta- “to slay”, serving as a replacement for ᴱQ. makka “slaughter”.