Quenya 

minquë

cardinal. eleven

minquë ("q") cardinal "eleven" (MINIK-W, LT1:260, VT48:4, 6, 8, VT49:57). Not to be confused with minquë as the pa.t. of miqu- "to kiss", q.v. Etymology discussed, VT48:7, 8 (where the unorthodox spelling "minkwe" occurs besides "minque").

minquë

cardinal. eleven

Cognates

  • S. minib “eleven” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/07; VT48/06; VT48/08
  • T. minipë “eleven” ✧ VT48/06; VT48/08

Derivations

  • min(i)kewē̆ “eleven, (lit.) fresh one” ✧ VT48/07; VT48/08

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
min(i)k(e)we > minikwē̆ > minkwe[minikwē] > [minkwē] > [miŋkwē] > [miŋkwe]✧ VT48/07
min(i)kewe > minikwē > minque[minikwē] > [minkwē] > [miŋkwē] > [miŋkwe]✧ VT48/08

Variations

  • minque ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06; VT48/07; VT48/08
  • minkwe ✧ VT48/07
Quenya [PE17/095; VT48/06; VT48/07; VT48/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

miqu-

to kiss

miqu- vb. "to kiss", the pa.t. minquë ("q") is cited, not to be confused with the cardinal minquë "eleven" (QL:61). Also miquë ("q")noun "a kiss". Old plural form miquilis ("q") "kisses" (MC:215; this is "Qenya")

yunquë

cardinal. twelve

yunquë ("q") cardinal "twelve" (VT47:41, VT48:4, 6, 9; VT49:57; also compare the stem yunuk(w)-_ cited in VT42:24, 31). This word appears already in an early source (PE14:82)_. Some sources point to #rasta, q.v., as another word for "twelve". However, available post-LotR sources indicate that Tolkien intended yunquë as the regular Quenya word for "twelve".

yunquë

cardinal. twelve

Cognates

  • S. ýneg “twelve” ✧ PE17/095; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/08
  • T. yúnecë “twelve” ✧ VT48/09; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/08

Derivations

  • yūnekē “twelve, 2 sixes” ✧ VT47/41; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
yūneke > yunque[jūneke] > [juŋkwe]✧ VT47/41
yū-(e)nekē > yunke > yunque[jūnekē] > [juŋkwe]✧ VT48/08
yū(e)neke > yunekwe > yunque[jūneke] > [juŋkwe]✧ VT48/09

Variations

  • yunque ✧ PE17/095; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/07; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10
Quenya [PE17/095; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/07; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

canaquë

cardinal. fourteen

canaquë ("k, kw") cardinal "fourteen" (VT48:21).The spelling "kanakwe" occurring in the primary source could suggest that this is really a Common Eldarin form; if so, one could theorize that the Quenya form would be canquë with syncope of the middle vowel (the same source lists "minikwe" as a word for 11, and the Quenya form is known to be minque rather than **miniquë**). On the other hand, in the same source "tolokwe" as a word for 18 is listed together with definite Quenya forms and is apparently an unorthodox spelling of toloquë** (as observed by the editor): Here no syncope producing *tolquë occurs.

nelequë

cardinal. thirteen

?nelequë ("kw") cardinal "thirteen" (VT48:21). The spelling "nelekwe" occurring in the primary source could suggest that this is really a Common Eldarin form; if so, one could theorize that the Quenya form would be *nelquë with syncope of the middle vowel (the same source lists "minikwe" as a word for 11, and the Quenya form is known to be minque). Compare nelquëa*. On the other hand, "tolokwe" as a word for 18 is listed together with definite Quenya forms and is apparently an unorthodox spelling of toloquë** (as observed by the editor); here no syncope producing *tolquë occurs. Thus toloquë could support ?nelequë as the Quenya word (but because of the uncertainties, yunquentë may be preferred as the word for 13).

nelquëa

cardinal. thirteen

nelquëa, cardinal "thirteen" (?) (VT48:21). This looks like an odd form next to other cardinals that simply end in -quë (like lepenquë, enenquë, otoquë = 15, 16, 17), and the form "nelekwe" also listed may indicate another Quenya form nelequë (q.v.) or *nelquë (but because of the uncertainties, yunquentë may be preferred as the word for 13). By another theory, nelquëa* is the ordinal "thirteenth", corresponding to the cardinal nel(e)quë**.

yunquenta

cardinal. thirteen

yunquenta cardinal "thirteen" (12 and one more) (VT47:15), variant yunquentë (VT47:40), compare entë #1.

yunquenta

cardinal. thirteen

yunquentë

cardinal. thirteen

Elements

WordGloss
yunquë“twelve”
enta“another, one more, another, one more; [ᴹQ.] that yonder, then (fut.); [ᴱQ.] that there (emphatic)”

Variations

  • yunquenta ✧ VT47/15
  • yunquente ✧ VT47/40
Quenya [VT47/15; VT47/40] Group: Eldamo. Published by

quainel

cardinal. thirteen

quainel, cardinal "thirteen" (but yunquentë may be preferred) (VT48:21)

yuncë

cardinal. twelve

yuncë ("k") cardinal "twelve", before it was altered to yunquë under the influence of minquë "eleven" (according to VT48:7, 8). The form yuncë is asterisked by Tolkien. Compare encë under enquë.

quaican

cardinal. fourteen

quaican, cardinal "fourteen" (but *canaquë may be preferred) (VT48:21)

rasta

cardinal. twelve

#rasta cardinal "twelve" (isolated from yurasta_ "24", two times 12; cf. the stem RÁSAT "twelve" listed in the Etymologies). See yunquë. (PE14:17)_

yurasta

cardinal. twelve

yurasta cardinal "24" (two times #rasta "twelve") (PE14:17)

miquë

noun. kiss

Cognates

  • ᴺS. mib “(little) kiss, peck”

Derivations

Element in

Sindarin 

minib

cardinal. eleven

Sindarin [VT/48:6-8] Group: SINDICT. Published by

minib

cardinal. eleven

Cognates

  • Q. minquë “eleven” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/07; VT48/06; VT48/08
  • T. minipë “eleven” ✧ VT48/07

Derivations

  • min(i)kewē̆ “eleven, (lit.) fresh one” ✧ VT48/07; VT48/08

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
min(i)k(e)we > minikwē̆ > minib[minikwē] > [minipē] > [minipe] > [minip] > [minib]✧ VT48/07
min(i)kewe > minikwē > minib[minikwē] > [minipē] > [minipe] > [minip] > [minib]✧ VT48/08

Variations

  • mimp ✧ PE17/095 (mimp)
Sindarin [PE17/095; VT48/06; VT48/07; VT48/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

inib

cardinal. twelve

Sindarin [VT/47:41, VT/48:6,8,12] Dual of *enek "six", CE yûneke, Q. yunke, T. yûnece. Group: SINDICT. Published by

mimp

cardinal. eleven

Sindarin [PE/17:95] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mimp

cardinal. eleven

_ card. _eleven. Q. minque. >> imp. This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

yneb

cardinal. twelve

Sindarin [VT/47:41, VT/48:6,8,12] Dual of *enek "six", CE yûneke, Q. yunke, T. yûnece. Group: SINDICT. Published by

yneg

cardinal. twelve

Sindarin [VT/47:41, VT/48:6,8,12] Dual of *enek "six", CE yûneke, Q. yunke, T. yûnece. Group: SINDICT. Published by

ýneg

cardinal. twelve

Sindarin [VT/47:41, VT/48:6,8,12] Dual of *enek "six", CE yûneke, Q. yunke, T. yûnece. Group: SINDICT. Published by

ýneg

cardinal. twelve

Changes

  • iugimp ✧ PE17/095

Cognates

  • Q. yunquë “twelve” ✧ PE17/095; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/08
  • T. yúnecë “twelve” ✧ VT48/09

Derivations

  • yūnekē “twelve, 2 sixes” ✧ VT47/41; VT48/08; VT48/09

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
yūneke > ýneg[jūneke] > [ȳneke] > [ȳnek] > [ȳneg]✧ VT47/41

Variations

  • imp ✧ PE17/095 (imp)
  • iug ✧ PE17/096 (iug)
  • yneg ✧ VT48/08; VT48/09
Sindarin [PE17/095; PE17/096; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/08; VT48/09] Group: Eldamo. Published by

imp

cardinal. twelve

Sindarin [PE/17:95] Group: SINDICT. Published by

imp

cardinal. twelve

_ card. _twelve. Q. yunque. imp << iug. >> imp. This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

minib

cardinal. eleven

minib (VT48:6-8)

mib-

verb. kiss

Sindarin [Unknown] < [[miqu-]] (Qenya). Published by

neleb

cardinal. thirteen

Cognates

Derivations

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

ýneg

cardinal. twelve

ýneg (VT47:41, VT48:6, 8, 12)

ýneg

twelve

(VT47:41, VT48:6, 8, 12)

canab

cardinal. fourteen

Cognates

Derivations

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

paegan

cardinal. fourteen

Cognates

Elements

WordGloss
pae“ten”
KANAT“four”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

paenel

cardinal. thirteen

Cognates

Elements

WordGloss
pae“ten”
NEL“three, three; [ᴱ√] point, *(tri)angle”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Telerin 

minipë

cardinal. eleven

Cognates

  • Q. minquë “eleven” ✧ VT48/06; VT48/08
  • S. minib “eleven” ✧ VT48/07

Derivations

  • min(i)kewē̆ “eleven, (lit.) fresh one” ✧ VT48/07; VT48/08

Variations

  • minipe ✧ VT48/06; VT48/07; VT48/08; VT48/21
Telerin [VT48/06; VT48/07; VT48/08; VT48/21] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yúnecë

cardinal. twelve

Changes

  • yūnec(e)iūnec(e) ✧ VT48/21

Cognates

  • Q. yunquë “twelve” ✧ VT48/09; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/08
  • S. ýneg “twelve” ✧ VT48/09

Derivations

  • yūnekē “twelve, 2 sixes” ✧ VT47/41; VT48/08; VT48/09

Variations

  • yūnece ✧ VT47/41; VT48/06
  • yúnec(e) ✧ VT48/08
  • yūnec(e) ✧ VT48/09; VT48/21 (yūnec(e))
  • iūnec(e) ✧ VT48/21
Telerin [VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/21] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

mikw Reconstructed

root. kiss

Derivatives

  • Q. miqu- “to kiss”
  • ᴺQ. miquë “kiss”
  • ᴺS. mib “(little) kiss, peck”
  • ᴺS. mib- “to kiss”
  • ᴺS. mítha- “to kiss”

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

minqe

cardinal. eleven

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MINIK(W) “*eleven” ✧ Ety/MINI
    • ᴹ√MIN “stand alone, stick out” ✧ Ety/MINI

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MÍNIK-W > minqe[minikwē] > [minkwē] > [miŋkwē] > [miŋkwe]✧ Ety/MINI

miqilis

noun. kiss

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MIQI “kiss”

-rasta

suffix. twelve

Derivations

Element in

Middle Primitive Elvish

rasat

root. twelve

The root ᴹ√RÁSAT “twelve” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, and students of Elvish long supposed that its unattested derivative ✱rasta was the Quenya word for “twelve”. In later publications, however, the Quenya word for “twelve” was given as yunquë (VT47/41), derived from primitive ✶yūnekē.

This word yunquë dates back to Early Quenya, first appearing as ᴱQ. yunqe in the Early Qenya Grammar from the 1920s (PE14/82), so it is likely that the √RASAT “twelve” co-existed with ✶yūnekē when that root was introduced in the 1930s. In currently published materials, rasta only appears as a suffix in yurasta “twenty four” (twice-twelve) in a discussion of the Elvish duodecimal (base twelve) counting system, also probably from the 1930s (PE14/17). It may be that ✶yūnekē was used for the general word for “twelve”, while √RASAT was used for “groups of twelve” as part of this duodecimal system. If so, it may have only been used as a suffix in grouping words in this counting system.

Derivatives

Variations

  • RÁSAT ✧ Ety/RÁSAT
  • rasat ✧ PE14/017
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/RÁSAT; PE14/017] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

miqi

root. kiss

The root ᴱ√MIQI “kiss” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. miq- “to kiss” and ᴱQ. miqele “kissing” (QL/61). Derivatives also appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. mib “a little kiss, a peck” and G. mictha- “kiss, bill” (GL/57). The word ᴱQ. miqilitse “little or tender kiss” appeared in the ᴱQ. Nieninqe poem from the 1920s (MC/215; PE16/90, 92). Tolkien created a new version of this poem in 1955 and reused many of the same words, including Q. mikwi- “kiss” and Q. miquelis “(soft, sweet) kiss” (PE16/96); the latter also appeared as ᴹQ. miqilis “kiss” in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/33). These later examples support the ongoing validity of this root, perhaps as ✱√MIKW.

Derivatives

  • Eq. miq- “to kiss” ✧ QL/061
  • Eq. miqe “kiss” ✧ QL/061
  • ᴹQ. miqilis “kiss”
  • G. mib “little kiss, peck”
  • G. mictha- “to kiss, bill”
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

minqe

cardinal. eleven

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ “*one” ✧ LT1A/Minethlos; QL/061

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√Mι > minqe[miŋkʷē] > [miŋkʷe]✧ QL/061

Variations

  • minqë ✧ LT1A/Minethlos
Early Quenya [LT1A/Minethlos; PE14/049; PE14/082; PE14/083; PME/061; QL/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

miqe

noun. kiss

Cognates

  • G. mib “little kiss, peck”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MIQI “kiss” ✧ QL/061

Element in

  • Eq. miqele “kissing” ✧ QL/061
  • Eq. miqilitse “little or tender kiss” ✧ QL/061

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√MIQI > miqe[mikʷē] > [mikʷe]✧ QL/061
Early Quenya [PME/061; QL/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yunqe

cardinal. twelve

Element in

Early Quenya [PE14/049; PE14/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kankea

cardinal. fourteen

Early Quenya [PE14/049; PE14/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nelkea

cardinal. thirteen

Element in

  • Eq. nelke(a)llume “*thirteen times” ✧ PE14/082
  • Eq. nelkaiya “thirteenth” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. nelkesto “one thirteenth” ✧ PE14/049; PE14/082; PE14/082
  • Eq. nelkestya “one thirteenth” ✧ PE14/082; PE14/082
Early Quenya [PE14/049; PE14/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by