lómë
dusk, twilight
lámina
echoing
lámina adj. "echoing" (LAM)
histë
dusk
histë noun "dusk" (LT1:255)
hísë
dusk
hísë (2) noun "dusk" (LT1:255). A "Qenya" form possibly obsoleted by #1 above.
usque
noun. dusk
dusk
usque
noun. dusk, twilight
loven
adjective. echoing
Cognates
- north S. lómin “echoing” ✧ PE17/133
Derivations
Element in
- S. Dorloven “*Echoing Land” ✧ PE17/133
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶lāmina > lǭ́m̃en > loven [lāmina] > [lāmina] > [lǭmina] > [lǭmena] > [laumena] > [laumen] > [lomen] > [loven] ✧ PE17/133
moth
noun. dusk
Element in
- ᴺS. mothren “dusk, dusky”
- S. Nan Elmoth “*Valley of Starry Dusk” ✧ SA/moth
- S.
Gilammoth
dû
dusk
(i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).
loven
echoing
pl. lovin (only attested in North Sindarin form lómin)
glamren
echoing
(adj.) 1) glamren (lenited lamren; pl. glemrin), 2) *loven, pl. lovin (only attested in North Sindarin form lómin)
glamren
echoing
(lenited ’lamren; pl. glemrin)
morn
night
(i vorn) (darkness), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”dark, black” (Letters:386).
daw
nighttime
(i dhaw) (gloom), pl. doe (i noe), coll. pl. ?dawath or ?doath.
tinnu
early night without a moon
(i dinnu, o thinnu) (dusk, twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.
fuin
night, nightshade, dead of night
(gloom, darkness). No distinct pl. form.
moth
dusk
1) moth (i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read *môth with a long vowel. 2) dû (i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).
moth
dusk
(i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read ✱môth with a long vowel.
dû
night
(i dhû) (nightfall, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)
tinnu
dusk
tinnu (i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.
tinnu
dusk
(i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.
dúath
nightshade
(i dhúath) (dark shadow), pl. dúaith (i núaith).
us(u)kwē
noun. dusk
Derivations
- √USUK “dusk, evening, *reek, smoke; dusk, evening” ✧ PE18/100; PE21/71
Derivatives
- Q. usquë “dusk, dim light, [ᴹQ.] reek, *smoke; [Q.] dusk, dim light, [ᴹQ.] twilight; [ᴱQ.] fog” ✧ PE18/100; PE21/71
Variations
- uskwē ✧ PE18/100
- usukwē ✧ PE21/71
glamren
adjective. echoing
glamren
adjective. echoing
Cognates
- Ilk. lómen “echoing”
Element in
- N. Dorlamren
- N. Eredlemrin “Echoing Mountains” ✧ Ety/GLAM
tindu
noun. dusk, twilight, early night (without Moon)
tindu
noun. starry twilight
tinnu
noun. dusk, twilight, early night (without Moon)
tinnu
noun. starry twilight
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
uso
noun. dusk
Derivations
- √USUK “dusk, evening, *reek, smoke; dusk, evening” ✧ PE21/71
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √usuk > uso [usuk] > [usu] > [uso] ✧ PE21/71
lómin
adjective. echoing
Cognates
- S. loven “echoing” ✧ PE17/133
Derivations
Element in
- Q. Lóminórë “*Echoing Land”
- north S. Dor-lómin “*Echoing-land”
- north S. Ered Lómin “Echoing Mountains” ✧ S/118
Elements
Word Gloss lóm “echo” Variations
- lomin ✧ PE17/133
- Lómin ✧ S/118
lóme
noun. night, night-time, shades of night, gloom
Cognates
Derivations
Derivatives
- Ad. lômi “(pleasant) night” ✧ SD/415
Element in
- ᴹQ. Ando Lómen “Door of Night” ✧ EtyAC/LOƷ (
Ando Lómen); SM/241- ᴹQ. Hisilóme “Twilit Mist, Land of Mist” ✧ EtyAC/LOƷ (
Hísilóme); PE21/32- ᴹQ. lómelinde “nightingale” ✧ Ety/DOƷ; LR/041; SD/302
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√DOƷ/DÔ > lóme [dōmi] > [dōme] > [lōme] ✧ Ety/DOƷ ᴹ✶dōmi- > lóme [dōmi] > [dōme] > [lōme] ✧ Ety/DOMO ᴹ√DOƷ > lóme [doɣmē] > [dōmē] > [lōmē] > [lōme] ✧ Ety/LUM ᴹ✶slōmē > lōme [slōmē] > [l̥ōmē] > [lōmē] > [lōme] ✧ PE21/32 ᴹ✶dōmi > lōme [dōmi] > [dōme] > [lōme] ✧ SD/302 ᴹ√LOM > lóme [lōme] ✧ SD/415 Variations
- lōmë ✧ LR/041
- lōme ✧ PE21/32; SD/302; SD/306
- lómë ✧ SM/241
lámina
adjective. echoing
Cognates
- Ilk. lómen “echoing” ✧ Ety/LAM
Derivations
- ᴹ√LAM “*sound” ✧ Ety/LAM
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LAM > lámina [lāmina] ✧ Ety/LAM
hui
proper name. Night
A name for (Primordial?) Night appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√PHUY, along with its (archaic?) variant Fui (Ety/PHUY).
Conceptual Development: This name is most likely a remnant of the name ᴱQ. Fui from the earliest Lost Tales, where it was another name for the goddess ᴱQ. Nienna (LT1/66, LT1A/Fui). According to the Qenya and Gnomish Lexicons from the 1910s, this earlier version of the name is derived from the root ᴱ√ǶUẎU (GL/36, QL/38).
Derivations
- ᴹ√PHUY “*darkness” ✧ Ety/PHUY
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√PHUY > Fui > Hui [pʰui] > [ɸui] > [hui] ✧ Ety/PHUY
núre
noun. night
Derivations
- ᴹ√NDŪ “go down, sink, set (of Sun)”
Element in
- ᴹQ. Rana núresse orta silia; en e·orta silia! “The Moon at night rises shining; there it rises shining!” ✧ PE22/100
lómen
adjective. echoing
A Doriathrin adjective for “echoing”, a combination of lóm “echo” and the adjective suffix -en (Ety/LAM). Its Quenya cognate lámina suggests a primitive form ✱✶lāminā, from which the [[ilk|long [ā] became [ō]]] and the -en developed due to Ilkorin a-affection, as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/lómen).
Conceptual Development: Tolkien first wrote lómin (EtyAC/LAM), perhaps indicating some uncertainty on the exact functioning of Ilkorin a-affection on Tolkien’s part. In the North Sindarin dialect that was in some ways the conceptual successor to Ilkorin, [[norths|final [a] did not mutate preceding vowels]].
Changes
lómin→ lómen ✧ Ety/LAMCognates
Derivations
- ᴹ√LAM “*sound” ✧ Ety/LAM
Element in
- Ilk. Lómendor ✧ Ety/LAM
- Ilk. Lóminorthin “Echoing Mountains” ✧ Ety/LAM
- N. Dor-lómen
- N. Eredlómin “Echoing Mountains”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LAM > lómen [lāminā] > [lāmina] > [lōmina] > [lōmena] > [lōmen] ✧ Ety/LAM Variations
- lómin ✧ EtyAC/LAM (Dor.
lómin)
môr
noun. night
A noun for “night” derived from primitive ᴹ✶mǭri (EtyAC/MOR), where the primitive [[ilk|[ǭ] became [ō]]].
Cognates
- ᴹQ. móre “blackness, dark, night” ✧ Ety/MOR
Derivations
Element in
- Ilk. myrilind “nightingale” ✧ Ety/MOR
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶mǭri > môr [mǭri] > [mǭre] > [mōre] > [mōr] ✧ EtyAC/MOR
doʒ
root. night
A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “night” that (along with ᴹ√DOM) was the basis for the ᴹQ. lóme/N. dû “night” (Ety/DOƷ). It replaced some rejected variants ᴹ√LOƷ and ᴹ√DAW (EtyAC/LOƷ). Many of the derivatives of ᴹ√DOƷ were later assigned to other roots: N. dûr “dark” became S. dûr “dark” < √NDU “under, down” in notes from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/152) and ᴹQ. lóna “dark” became Q. lúna (PE17/22). There are no signs of ᴹQ. ló “night” and N. daw “night-time, gloom” in Tolkien’s later writing. Future derivations of Q. lómë/S. dû only mention the root √DOM (PE17/152; PE22/153) and thus ᴹ√DOƷ may have been abandoned.
In a message to the Elfling mailing list from July 2012 (Elfling/362.96), David Salo suggested there might be a later root ✱√DU serving as the basis for Q. lúna “dark” and Q. lúmë “darkness”, though the latter might instead be from √LUM. Such a root ✱√DU is not attested in Tolkien writings, but if it existed, it could be a later iteration of ᴹ√DOƷ. Another possible example of the root ✱√DU is primitive ✶durnŭ “dark of hue”.
Derivatives
- Ilk. daum “night-time, gloom” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
- ᴹ✶doʒmē ✧ Ety/DOMO
- ᴹQ. ló “night, a night” ✧ Ety/DOƷ; EtyAC/LOƷ
- ᴹQ. lóme “night, night-time, shades of night, gloom” ✧ Ety/DOƷ; Ety/LUM
- Ad. lômi “(pleasant) night” ✧ SD/415
- ᴹQ. lóna “dark” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
- N. dû “night, night-fall, late evening” ✧ Ety/DOƷ; Ety/DYEL; Ety/DOMO
- N. dúlin(n) “nightingale” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
- N. dûr “dark” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
- On. doume “night-time, gloom” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
- N. daw “night-time, gloom” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
Element in
Variations
- DOƷ/DÔ ✧ Ety/DOƷ
- DOG ✧ Ety/UÑG
- LOƷ ✧ EtyAC/LOƷ (
LOƷ)- DAW ✧ EtyAC/LOƷ (
DAW)
math
noun. dusk
Cognates
- Eq. maske “dusk” ✧ QL/059
Derivations
- ᴱ√MAÞA “dusk” ✧ LT2A/Umboth-muilin
Element in
- N. Math-Fuin-delos “Deadly Nightshade”
- G. mathusgi “twilight” ✧ GL/56; LT2A/Mathusdor
- G. mathwen “evening” ✧ GL/56; LT2A/Mathusdor
- G. nuimath “‘second twilight’, first signs of dawn” ✧ GL/61
- G. obromath “the twilight that follows the night, ‘second twilight’, just before dawn” ✧ GL/62
- G. mathrin “dusk, dusky” ✧ GL/56; LT2A/Mathusdor
cwelm
noun. dusk
fui
noun. night
Cognates
- Eq. hui “dark, murk, fog; night, evening” ✧ LT1A/Fui; QL/041
Derivations
- ᴱ√ǶUẎU “*darkness” ✧ GL/36; QL/041
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√fuʒu > fui¹ [xʷuɣu] > [fuɣu] > [fuɣ] > [fui] ✧ GL/36 ᴱ√ǶUẎU > fui [xʷui] > [fui] ✧ QL/041 Variations
- fui¹ ✧ GL/36
- Fui ✧ LT1A/Tarn Fui; LT1A/Turuhalmë
fuin
noun. night
Element in
- En. Taur-na-Fuin “Deadly Nightshade” ✧ SM/026
- En. urfuin “nightless” ✧ PE13/156
Variations
- Fuin ✧ SM/026
maþa
root. dusk
This root was given as ᴱ√MASA¹ “dusk” in its main entry in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, but its Gnomish form math- indicates the true root was ᴱ√MAÞA (QL/59). This was clarified in a list of roots at the end of the M-section in the Qenya Lexicon (QL/63) and its representation as maþ- in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/59). Its most notable use in the Legendarium was in the name G. Umboth-muilin “Pools (muil-plural) of Twilight (umboth)”, where G. umboth or umbath “nightfall” was derived from a strengthened form of the root, ᴱ√mbaþ- (GL/75). However, in later writings this name was reconceived as Ilk. Umboth Muilin “Veiled (muilin) Pool (umboth)”, with the first element umboth meaning “large pool” (Ety/MBOTH, MUY). The name was ultimately replaced with S. Aelin-uial (S/114), by which point the early root ᴱ√MAÞA was long abandoned.
Derivatives
Element in
- ᴱ√MBAÞA “*dusk” ✧ GL/75
Variations
- maþ- ✧ GL/75; LT2A/Umboth-muilin
- MASA¹ ✧ QL/059
maske
noun. dusk
Cognates
- G. math “dusk” ✧ QL/059
Derivations
- ᴱ√MAÞA “dusk” ✧ QL/059
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√MASA¹ > maske [maθkē] > [maθke] > [maske] ✧ QL/059
móri
noun. night
fui
noun. night
histe
noun/adjective. dusk
lómë noun "dusk, twilight", also "night"; according to SD:415, the stem is lómi- (contrast the "Qenya" genitive lómen rather than **lómin in VT45:28). According to PE17:152, lómë refers to night "when viewed favourably, as a rule, but it became the general rule" (cf. SD:414-415 regarding lōmi as an Adûnaic loan-word based on lómë, meaning "fair night, a night of stars" with "no connotations of gloom or fear"). In the battle-cry auta i lómë "the night is passing" (Silm. ch. 20), the "night" would however seem to refer metaphorically to the reign of Morgoth. As for the gloss, cf. Lómion masc. name "Child of Twilight [dusk]", the Quenya name Aredhel secretly gave to Maeglin _(SA). Otherwise lómë is usually defined as "night" (Letters:308, LR:41, SD:302 cf.414-15, SA:dú)_; the _Etymologies defines lómë as "Night [as phenomenon], night-time, shades of night, Dark" (DO3/DŌ, LUM, DOMO, VT45:28), or "night-light" (VT45:28, reading of _lómë uncertain). In early "Qenya" the gloss was "dusk, gloom, darkness" (LT1:255). Cf. lómelindëpl. lómelindi "nightingale" _(SA:dú, LR:41; SD:302, MR:172, DO3/DŌ, LIN2, TIN). _Derived adjective #lómëa "gloomy" in Lómëanor "Gloomyland"; see Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna...