A noun for “fish” appearing on the front page of The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶khala (EtyAC/KHAL¹). As such, it was probably based on the root ᴹ√KHAL “(small) fish” (Ety/KHAL¹), but may have transferred to ᴹ√SKAL “small fish” when Tolkien revised that root (Ety/SKAL²).
Noldorin
lim
adjective. *swift
Element in
- N. nora-lim, nora-lim “*run swift, run swift” ✧ RS/196
-lim
suffix. group plural, group plural, [G.] many
lhim
noun. fish
lhim
noun. fish
Cognates
- ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
Derivations
Element in
- N. lhimlug “fish-dragon, sea-serpent” ✧ Ety/LOK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶liñwi > lhimb > lhim [liŋwi] > [liŋgwi] > [liŋgwe] > [limbe] > [limb] > [l̥imb] > [l̥imb] > [l̥imm] > [l̥im] ✧ Ety/LIW
lhimb
noun. fish
-rim
suffix. group plural
Element in
- N. Crisaegrim
- N. Forodrim “Northmen”
- N. Gondothrim “People of Gondolin” ✧ Ety/GOND
Variations
- lim ✧ Ety/LI
- rim ✧ Ety/LI; PE21/57
calad
gerund noun. light
calad
noun. light
Derivations
- ᴹ√KAL “shine” ✧ Ety/KAL
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KAL > calad [kalata] > [kalat] > [kalad] ✧ Ety/KAL
gal-
prefix. light
galad
noun. light
Derivations
- ᴹ√GAL “shine” ✧ Ety/GAL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GAL > galad [galata] > [galat] > [galad] ✧ Ety/GAL
gail
noun. bright light
glan
adjective. clear
Changes
glan→ glan “daylight” ✧ EtyAC/GAL¹Derivations
- ᴹ√GALAN “bright” ✧ EtyAC/GAL¹
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GALÁN > glan [galána] > [glana] > [glan] ✧ EtyAC/GAL¹
hâl
noun. fish
hâl
noun. fish
Cognates
- ᴹQ. hala “(small) fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
Derivations
Element in
- N. heledir(n) “kingsfisher, (lit.) fish-watcher”
- ᴺS. torchal “shark or other large predatory fish”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶khala > hâl [kʰala] > [xala] > [xal] > [xāl] > [hāl] ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
celeg
adjective. swift, agile, hasty
glaur
noun. golden light (of the golden tree Laurelin)
glor-
noun. golden light (of the golden tree Laurelin)
lhagr
adjective. swift, rapid
The form lhegin in the published Etymologies might be a misreading for lhegrin, see VT/45:25. As noted by Bertrand Bellet, the two forms are listed side by side, and they may simply be doublets, but it is also possible that we have here a singular followed by its plural.
lhorn
noun. quiet water
lhorn
noun. anchorage, harbour
nen
noun. waterland
nen
noun. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river)
nen
noun. water
Cognates
- ᴹQ. nén “water” ✧ Ety/NEN
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√NEN > nen [nen] ✧ Ety/NEN ᴹ√NEN > nîn [neni] > [nini] > [nin] > [nīn] ✧ Ety/NEN Variations
- nĕn ✧ PE21/58 (nĕn)
A noun appearing as N. lhim “fish” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from primitive ᴹ✶liñwi of the same meaning (Ety/LIW), where the labialized velar ñw (> ñgw) became the labial m (< mb) and the initial l unvoiced to lh.
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien had G. ing “fish” (GL/51), cognate to ᴱQ. ingwe of the same meaning (QL/43). In Gnomish labialized velars only became labials in limited circumstances, so the primitive ng survived.
Neo-Sindarin: Since the unvoicing of initial liquids did not occur in Sindarin, many people adapt this word as ᴺS. lim “fish” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, as suggested in HSD (HSD).