langa-

verb. to cross, go over, pass over

langa- vb. "to cross, go over, pass over" (VT49:65)

langa-

verb. to cross, go over, pass over

lanya-

verb. to cross

lahta-

verb. to cross, pass over, go over; to surpass, excel

This verb appeared in notes from 1965 as langa- “to cross, go over, pass over” and lanya- “to cross” derived from √LAŊ (PE17/65). In notes from 1967 it appeared as lahta- “to pass over, cross, surpass, excel” derived from √LAƷ (PE17/92).

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. lahta- appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s without any translation under the early root ᴱ√LAHA (QL/50). The actual Early Qenya verb for “cross” was ᴱQ. tara- “cross, go athwart, cross rivers, etc.” under the early root ᴱ√TARA (QL/89).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I prefer lahta- “cross, pass over” with an extended meaning “surpass, excel” from the original sense “go beyond”. I assume the meaning is “surpass” when the object is the person or thing surpassed as in lahtan Fëanor nólen “I surpass (go beyond) Fëanor in knowledge”, but “excel” when the object is omitted as in lahtan nólen “I excel (go beyond the norm) in knowledge”.

han

beyond

han prep. "beyond" (compare the _postposition pella of similar meaning) (VT43:14)_

han

preposition. beyond

A word for “beyond” in the final version of the Átaremma prayer of the 1950s in the phrase Átaremma i ëa han Eä, equivalent to “our Father who art in Heaven” but more literally “✱who is beyond Creation” (VT43/12). This word also appeared with the gloss “beyond” in notes from around 1970 as a derivative of √HAN “add to, increase, enhance, honour (espec. by gift)” (VT43/14).

pella

beyond

pella "beyond", apparently a postposition rather than a preposition: Andúnë pella "beyond the West", elenillor pella "from beyond the stars" (Nam, RGEO:66, Markirya) In one version of the Quenya Lord's Prayer, Tolkien used pell' (evidently an elided form of pella) as a _preposition, but this version was abandoned (VT43:13)_

tar

beyond

tar (2) prep. "beyond" (FS)

sar-

verb. to cross

A neologism for “cross” appearing in ABNW (ABNW) from the early 2000s, derived from ᴹ√THAR “cross”.