macar

noun. swordsman, †forger

má

noun. hand

lár

noun. a league, league

ráva

adjective. free, unfettered, uncontrolled, lawless

ríma

noun. edge, hem, border

silma

noun. crystal (white)

yána

adjective. wide, vast, huge

finë

noun. a hair, single hair, filament

telima

adjective. final

tar

affix. high, king or queen (in compounds)

yá

conjunction. when

quár(e)

noun. fist, (tightly closed) hand

au-

prefix. away, away (from), away from the speaker or the place of his thought

hala

noun. a cast shadow, cast shadow

him-

verb. to adhere

inga

noun. top, top, highest point

A word have the same root (√ING) as the name Ingwë, giving a clue to the original meaning of that name. In a few places, the plural Ingar of this word was used as another name for the Vanyar (MR/230, 265), but Tolkien more frequently used the plural Ingwë for this purpose: see Ingwi.

In later writings, this word was generally presented as a noun meaning “top, highest point” (PM/340, VT47/28), but in the Etymologies, ᴹQ. inga was an adjective glossed “first”, as in “foremost” (Ety/ING).

Tolkien stated that “inga ... applied to shapes pointing upward” but also that it “referred primarily to position and could be used of tops relatively broad” (VT47/28). Therefore, inga referred to the highest level whether it was a single point or a plateau.

maxë

noun. handiness

nan-

prefix. back (again), back or again, backwards

nië

noun. tear

írë

noun. desire

landa

noun. a boundary, boundary

hahta

noun. fence, hedge

hanwa

noun. seat

hwindë

noun. birch

hyar-

prefix. left-hand, south

ilqua

noun. everything, all

lairë

noun. summer

lala-

verb. to laugh

lamba

noun. physical tongue, tongue (physical)

lanwa

noun. within bounds, limited, finite, (well-)defined

lemba

adjective. left behind

lumba

adjective. gloomy

nírë

noun. force

palla

preposition/adverb. far beyond

parca

adjective. naked (of persons)

sapta

noun. delved hole, pit

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

vinya

adjective. young, young, new

yanta

noun. bridge

úmëa

adjective. abundant, swarming, teeming

nill[ë]

noun. small [woman]

-nta

suffix. 3rd person plural neuter, 3rd person plural possessive, theirs

liantë

noun. spider

linga-

verb. to hang, dangle

naina-

verb. to lament

nótë

noun. number

tinga-

verb. go (for a long while), to go (for a long while)

noa

noun/adjective. former, yesterday, tomorrow

ostirion

noun. fort

lango

noun. a passage (physical), neck, neck, neck, (physical) passage

lindë

noun. air, tune, singing, song, singing, song, musical sound

nillë

noun. silver glint, Valinorian imagines [images of real stars]

si

adjective. this

toa

noun. wood (as material)

tulca

adjective. firm, strong, immovable, steadfast

yulmë

noun. drinking, carousal

isildurioni

collective name. Heirs of Isildur

A term for kings of Arnor as the descendants of Isildur (PM/191). This name is a compound of Isildur and the plural of the patronumic suffix -ion “-son”.

ungwë

noun. spider’s web

linquë

noun. (leaf of a) hyacinth, grass, reed

@@@ per Helge Fauskanger, reference on PE17/62 may refer to plant or to the kind of reedy leaf that a hyacinth has

peltas

noun. fence of fixed stakes, a ‘pale’

an-

prefix. intensitive prefix, intensive, intensive prefix, plu-, plus, intensive, superlative, intensive

hosta

noun. large number

ní

preposition. beneath, not touching, under

vëa

adjective. adult, manly, vigorous

lepende

noun. middle finger

lumbë

noun. gloom, shadow

nixë

noun. frost, ice-flake or snow-flake

-ndë

suffix. feminine agent

ham-

verb. to judge

hó

noun. spirit, shadow

onna

noun. child

ramba

noun. wall

sac-

verb. to close

taxë

noun. nail

voro

adverb. ever, continually

úra

adjective. torrid, sultry, unpleasantly hot

vëo

noun. living creature

wenya

adjective. fair, beautiful

forya

adjective. right (hand), dexter

heren

noun. order

mundo

noun. bull

nassë

noun. nature, true-being, person, individual

nildë

noun. friend (f.)

raina

adjective. netted, caught in a net

ringë

noun. cold

runda

adjective. smooth, polished

russë

noun. head or pelt of red hair

tambë

preposition. as, so

tenca

noun. letter (epistola)

-(i)nquë

suffix. thou-and-I (dual)

-n

suffix. dative

hróva

adjective. dark, dark brown (of hair)

lehta-

verb. to loose, slacken

lenda-

verb. to go free

luhta-

verb. to bow

ungo

noun. cloud, dark shadow

verya-

verb. to marry (of husband and wife), be joined to

niquis(së)

noun. frost-patterns, ice-flake, snowflake, petal (loose) of a white flower

-lte

suffix. [Plural] 3, 3rd person plural, they

laceníte

adjective. unseeing, blind

* pec

noun. nut

ye

pronoun. who

yú-

prefix. both

* úlima

adjective. pourable, liquid

* larma

noun. raiment

* sanda

noun. shield

* quaista

fraction. one tenth

@@@ as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (QQ/quaista)

* il-

prefix. all, every, every

* lónë

noun. ilse

* nac-

verb. to hew, cut, to hate, kill

* ruc-

verb. to feel fear or horror, to flee (to)

* ser-

verb. to sew

* phanto

noun. whale

This word only appears in the name of the Númenórean ship Turuphanto “Wooden-whale” (UT/191). The language of the name is unclear, but Carl Hostetter suggested (Tolklang/5.31) that the name is likely to be Quenya, since ᴱQ. turu meant “wood”. If so, the second element phanto might be Quenya for “whale”. This spelling is unusual, however. In Quenya, [f] was normally spelled “f”, while the spelling “ph” appeared only in languages like Sindarin or Adûnaic.

Conceptual Development: The only other attested words for “whale” are the very early G. uin and G. uimoth in the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/74).

* rillë

noun. brilliance

* tel-

verb. to end, finish, to cease

* otsolë

noun. (seven-day) week

asgar

adjective. violent, rushing, impetious

rim

noun. great number, host, host, crowd, great number, people

agor

adjective. narrow

bara

adjective. fiery, eager

harn

adjective. south, south, southern, southern

taur

noun. forest, forest, (great) wood, wood, forest

în

noun. year

barad

noun. a great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower, tower, tower, fortress

carag

noun. spike, tooth of rock

nîr

noun. tear, weeping

fast

noun. shaggy hair

alagos

noun. storm of wind

dartha-

verb. to wait, stay, remain, last, endure

gland

noun. boundary

auth

noun. a dim shape, spectral or vague apparition, dim shape, spectral or vague apparition

bôr

noun/adjective. steadfast, trusty man, faithful vassal

thorn

adjective. steadfast

bregolas

noun. fierceness

ui

adverb. ever

anc

noun. jaw, row of teeth

ann

noun. gift

ath-

prefix. on both sides, across

dem

adjective. sad, gloomy

gas

noun. hole, gap

ath-

prefix. easily

ech

pronoun. you, yourself (singular)

beren

adjective. bold

brass

noun. great cliff

dîn

noun/adjective. silence, silent, silent, quiet

dîs

noun. bride

glass

noun. joy

gwath

noun. shade, shadow, shadow, dim light

-(r)il

suffix. feminine suffix

cund

noun. prince

This word is only directly attested in the Etymologies, appearing as N. †cunn “prince” (Ety/KUNDŪ) and marked as an archaic form (EtyAC/KUNDŪ). It still appears in later writings as a element in some first-age Sindarin names from The Silmarillion: Baragund, Belegund and (perhaps) Felagund. Its Quenya cognate Q. cundo also appears in later writings (PM/260, PE17/117-8), indicating that †cund may have remained conceptually valid. Elsewhere, the third-age Sindarin word for “prince” is said to be caun¹ (PE17/102), so it seems likely the older form †cund fell out use.

dannen

noun. ebb, lowtide

naugol

noun. Dwarf (diminutive)

-eg

suffix. 2nd person singular familiar possessive suffix

gell

noun. joy, triumph, (?victory)

gwedh

noun. bond

loss

noun. snow

* norn

noun/adjective. hard, dwarf

* lain

noun. thread, warp, ‽twine

* -ad

suffix. noun-suffix

* an-

prefix. intensive prefix

* ast

noun. light or heat of the sun

* cened

noun. looking

zen’namân

place name. Blessed Realm, Blessed Realm, Land of Amân, Land of Aman

A draft Adûnaic name for the Blessed Realm, later replaced by Amatthâni (SD/385). Its initial element zen is a draft name for “land” also seen in the draft name Zen’nabâr “Land of Gift”. Its final element is Amân, the Adûnaic name of Manwë, joined to the first element with an elided form of the genitive prefix an- “of”. Therefore, the literal meaning of the name is “Land of Amân (Manwë)”.

thar-

prefix. across, beyond

eilianw

noun. rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge

-iel

suffix. feminine suffix, daughter

eiglir engrin

place name. Iron Hills, Iron Mountains, Iron Mountains, Iron Hills

Earlier name for S. Ered Engrin appearing in the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s and Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LB/33, SM/220). This name is a combination of the plural of aiglir “mountain range” and the plural of the adjective angren “of iron”. It also appeared in the singular form Aiglir Angrin (LB/49, SM/220).

dúlin

noun. nightingale

dúwath

noun. night-shade

-ig

suffix. diminutive/singular ending

aiglir angrin

place name. Iron Mountains

-on

suffix. masculine suffix

-eg

suffix. suffix for ordinal numbers

dolt

noun. round knob, boss

* -ion

suffix. adjectival suffix