horn

adjective. driven under compulsion, impelled (to do something)

horn

adjective. driven under compulsion, impelled

till

noun. horn

rhasg

noun. horn

tarag

noun. horn

fanuiras

place name. Horn of Cloud

Earliest name for Fanuidhol in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s glossed “Horn of Cloud” (TI/174), a combination of fanui “cloudy” and the lenited form of rhas “horn”.

feleg

noun. (animal’s) horn; steep mountain peak

A deleted word in The Etymologies of the 1930s, the only derivative of the deleted root ᴹ√PHELEK “(animal’s) horn; steep mountain peak” and thus probably of similar meaning (EtyAC/PHELÉK). In later writings, S. feleg was a word for “cave”.

rhafn

noun. wing (horn), extended point at side

A noun appearing as N. rhafn “wing (horn), extended point at side” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from primitive ᴹ✶ramna under the root ᴹ√RAM (Ety/RAM).

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this word as ᴺS. ravn for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, since (a) initial r did not become voiceless rh in Sindarin and (b) vn is more representative of the actual pronunciation; compare: S. tavn “thing made by handicraft” (PE17/107).

tarag

noun. horn; steep mountain peak

A noun for “horn” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√TARAK “horn (of animals)” (Ety/TARÁK). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, Christopher Tolkien wrote that it was also used for “steep mountain pass” (LR/391), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne indicated that J.R.R. Tolkien’s actual words were “steep mountain peak” in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/17). This word appeared in the name N. Taragaer “Ruddyhorn”, a precursor to Caradhras in Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s (RS/419, 433).

Conceptual Development: A similar word G. târ “a horn” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/69), equivalent to ᴱQ. taru “horn” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/89).

nimdil

place name. White Horn

nimdildor

place name. High White Horn

rhas

noun. horn [of both animals and mountains]

rhom

noun. horn, trumpet

rhafn

noun. wing (horn), extended point at side, etc.

rhas

noun. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)

The form rhaes in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:10

rhasg

noun. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)

rhom

noun. horn, trumpet

tild

noun. horn, point

till

noun. horn, point

rhascaron

place name. Redhorn

Earlier name of Caradhras “Redhorn” in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (RS/433). Its elements were reversed, with rhas “horn” first and caran “red” second.

caradras

place name. Redhorn

rhomru

noun. sound of horns

ered nimras

place name. White Mountains

Earlier name for S. Ered Nimrais (WR/168), with singular ras “horn” instead of plural rais “horns”. The plural was introduced later (WR/288).

ered nimrath

place name. White Mountains

Earlier name for S. Ered Nimrais (WR/137), with a final element rath “course” (“?climb”) instead of rais “horns”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/3.14). It also appeared as Hebel Nimrath (WR/167).

caraes

noun. jagged hedge of spikes

carag

noun. spike, tooth of rock

ecthel

noun. point (of spear)

egnas

noun. sharp point

egnas

noun. peak

egthel

noun. point (of spear)

hebel uilos

place name. White Mountains

Earlier name for S. Ered Nimrais appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s with the gloss “White Mountains” (WR/137). It is a combination of hebel and Uilos “Ever-snow”. The second element was initially (rejected) Orolos, perhaps meaning “?Mountain Snow” as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/3.14).

ment

noun. point

ment

noun. point

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “point” under the root ᴹ√MET “end” (Ety/MET).

nass

noun. point, (sharp) end

nass

noun. angle or corner

nella-

verb. to sound (of bells)

rhû

noun. loud-sound, trumpet-sound

tarag

noun. steep mountain peak

thang

noun. compulsion, duress, need, oppression

thela

noun. point (of spear)