(i chithu), analogical pl. hithy (i chithy). Cited in archaic form hithw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH), so the coll. pl. is likely hithwath.
Quenya
hiswë
fog
Sindarin
hithu
noun. fog
hithu
noun. fog
Derivations
- √KHITH “mist, mist, [ᴹ√] fog”
hithu
fog
hîth
fog
1) hîth (i chîth) (mist), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i chîth), 2) *hithu (i chithu), analogical pl. hithy (i chithy). Cited in archaic form hithw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH), so the coll. pl. is likely hithwath.
hîth
fog
(i chîth) (mist), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i chîth)
mith
white fog
(i vith) (wet mist), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mith). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone is the adjective ”pale grey”.
Noldorin
hithw
noun. fog
hithw
noun. fog
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s given as N. {heðw >>} hithw “fog” derived from primitive ᴹ✶khithme under the root ᴹ√KHITH “mist, fog” (Ety/KHIS; EtyAC/KHIS).
Conceptual Development: G. huith “fog” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s is a likely precursor (GL/49), perhaps derived from a (hypothetical) early root ✱ᴱ√HUYU.
Neo-Sindarin: If adapted to Neo-Sindarin, this word would become ᴺS. hithu, as suggested in HSD (HSD).
Changes
heðw→ hithw ✧ Ety/KHISCognates
- ᴹQ. hiswe “fog” ✧ Ety/KHIS
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶khithme > hithw [kʰitʰme] > [kʰitʰwe] > [xitʰwe] > [xiθwe] > [xiθw] > [hiθw] > [hiθu] ✧ Ety/KHIS Variations
- heðw ✧ EtyAC/KHIS (
heðw)
mith
noun. white fog, wet mist
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
Qenya
hiswe
noun. fog
A noun for “fog” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶khithme under the root ᴹ√KHITH “mist, fog” (Ety/KHIS; EtyAC/KHIS).
Neo-Quenya: The phonetic developments thm > þm̌ > þw > sw were consistent with Quenya phonology of the 1930s (PE19/44), but sometime around 1960, or shortly before, Tolkien revised these rules as discussed in the entry on the phonetic development of voiceless stops and aspirates before nasals (PE19/87 plus p. 88 note #88). I personally prefer the pre-1960 rules, and would retain this form for Neo-Quenya. If, however, you prefer the later rules, you should (a) stick to Q. hísë for both “mist” and “fog”, (b) revise this word to ᴺQ. ✱hitwe to fit later phonology, or (c) assume the primitive form was ✱khithwē rather than ᴹ✶khithme.
Cognates
Derivations
Element in
- ᴹQ. hiswa “grey, grey [of weather], *foggy, overcast; [ᴱQ.] dim, fading”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶khithme > hiswe [kʰitʰme] > [kʰitʰwe] > [xitʰwe] > [xiθwe] > [hiθwe] > [hiswe] ✧ Ety/KHIS
Doriathrin
hidhum
noun. fog
A Doriathrin noun for “fog” written hiðum in The Etymologies, and derived from the primitive form ᴹ✶khithme [kʰitʰme] (Ety/KHIS, EtyAC/KHIS). This word illustrates several interesting phonetic changes in Ilkorin.
Both the aspirates became voiceless spirants: [kʰ-] > [x-] and [-tʰ-] > [-θ-].
Later the [[ilk|initial [x-] became [h-]]].
Meanwhile the [[ilk|medial [-θ-] voiced to [-ð-]]] (“dh”).
The [[ilk|primitive final [e] was lost]].
Afterwards, the resulting [[ilk|final [m] became syllabic and developed into [-um]]].
Cognates
- ᴹQ. hiswe “fog” ✧ Ety/KHIS
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶khithme > hiðum [kʰitʰme] > [xitʰme] > [xiθme] > [xiθm] > [xiðm] > [hiðm] > [hiðum] ✧ Ety/KHIS Variations
- hiðum ✧ EtyAC/KHIS (Dor. hiðum)
Middle Primitive Elvish
khithme
noun. fog
Derivations
- ᴹ√KHITH “mist, fog” ✧ Ety/KHIS
Derivatives
Gnomish
huith
noun. fog
Cognates
- Eq. huiva “murky”
Derivations
- ᴱ√HUYU “*fog”
Element in
- G. huitha- “it is misty”
Early Quenya
usqe
noun. fog
Cognates
- G. usc “fog, mist” ✧ GL/75
Derivations
- ᴱ√ṢQṢ “*fog, mist” ✧ QL/098
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ṢQṢ > USQE [ṣkʷē] > [ṣkʷe] > [uskʷe] ✧ QL/098 Variations
- USQE ✧ QL/098
hiswë (þ) noun "fog" (KHIS/KHITH)