half

noun. seashell

half

noun. seashell

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “seashell” derived from primitive ᴹ✶syalmā under the root ᴹ√SYAL (Ety/SYAL).

perin

adjective. half

An adjective for “half” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√PER “divide in middle, halve” (Ety/PER).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon (GL) of the 1910s had adjective G. elfeg and noun elef “half” (GL/32), the latter also used to mean “half a ...”, as in basgorn elef “✱half a loaf” (GL/53). In addition GL had lemp “a half”, and all these words word derived from the early root ᴱ√lef [LEǶE] which was the basis for ᴱQ. lempe “5” (GL/53), though in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon lexicon ᴱQ. lemin was “five” and ᴱQ. lempe “ten” (QL/52).

per-

prefix. half

peringol

proper name. Half-elven, (lit.) Half-Noldo

per-

prefix. half, divided in middle

perin

adjective. half, divided in middle

lheben

cardinal. five

lheben

cardinal. five

penedh

noun. Elf

penn

noun. Elf

sog-

verb. to drink

A verb appearing as infinitive sogo “drink” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√SUK of the same meaning (Ety/SUK), with short u becoming o as usual.

Conceptual Development: The same verb G. sog- “drink” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/68), but in Tolkien’s earlier writings the root was ᴱ√SOKO (QL/85). The verb ᴱN. sog- also seems to appear in sample sentences in the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s such as ᴱN. manthil sóg odog “✱having eaten he drinks a lot” (PE13/128), but these sentences were not translated.

Neo-Sindarin: In Tolkien’s later writing, the usual Quenya word for “drink” was Q. yul- from the root √YUL, so some Neo-Sindarin writers prefer to coin a neologism ᴺS. ýl- “drink” based on this root. However, I prefer to retain sog- for “drink” in Neo-Sindarin, since the roots √SOK and √SUK also appeared in Tolkien’s later writings, including documents that also had √YUL (PE18/94; VT39/11).

thâr

noun. stiff grass