fásë

gap, gulf

fásë noun "gap, gulf" (GL:36)

yáwë

ravine, cleft, gulf

yáwë noun "ravine, cleft, gulf" (YAG; according to VT46:22, the last gloss should perhaps be read as "gully" instead)

londë

land-locked haven

londë noun "land-locked haven" (cf. #lóndië "harbourage"), "gulf" (TI:423). In Alqualondë "Swan-haven" (SA), "Haven of Swan" (VT45:28), Hirilondë ship-name "Haven-finder" (UT:192). In the Etymologies, londë is glossed "road (in sea), entrance to harbour" (LOD) and also "fairway" (VT45:28), i.e. a navigable channel for ships. In VT42:10, where the stem is given as LON rather than LOD, the gloss is simply "haven".

londë

noun. (land-locked) haven, (land-locked) haven; [ᴹQ.] road (in sea), fairway, entrance to harbour; gulf

Cognates

• S. lond “(land-locked) haven, (land-locked) haven; [N.] narrow path, strait, pass” ✧ SA/londë; VT42/10

Derivations

• √LON “*haven, harbour” ✧ VT42/10

Element in

• Q. Alqualondë “Haven of the Swans” ✧ SA/londë
• Q. Eldalondë “Haven of the Eldar”
• Q. Hirilondë “Haven-finder”
• Q. londië “harbourage”
• Q. Vinyalondë “New Haven” ✧ UT/176

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√LON > londe	[londē] > [londe]	✧ VT42/10

Variations

• londe ✧ VT42/10

iâ

noun. gulf

lond

noun. (land-locked) haven, (land-locked) haven; [N.] narrow path, strait, pass

Cognates

• Q. londë “(land-locked) haven, (land-locked) haven; [ᴹQ.] road (in sea), fairway, entrance to harbour; gulf” ✧ SA/londë; VT42/10

Derivations

• √LON “*haven, harbour” ✧ VT42/10

Element in

• S. Aglon “Narrow Pass”
• S. Edhellond “Elf-haven” ✧ UT/255
• S. Forlond “North Haven”
• S. Harlond “South Haven”
• S. Lond Daer “Great Haven”
• S. Lond Daer Enedh “Great Middle Haven” ✧ UT/264
• S. lonnas “harbourage”
• S. Mithlond “Grey Havens” ✧ SA/londë

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√LON > lond > lonn	[londē] > [londe] > [lond] > [lonn]	✧ VT42/10

Variations

• lonn ✧ SA/londë; VT42/10
• Lond ✧ UT/264

lonn

noun. (land-locked) haven, (land-locked) haven; [N.] pass

iaw

ravine

1) iaw (cleft, gulf), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”. 2) ress (construct res), pl. riss (idh riss), 3) rest (cleft, cut), pl. rist (idh rist), 4) riss (construct ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh riss)

iaw

ravine

(cleft, gulf), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”.

iâ

noun. abyss, void

ress

ravine

(construct res), pl. riss (idh riss)

rest

ravine

(cleft, cut), pl. rist (idh rist)

riss

noun. ravine

riss

ravine

(construct ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh riss)****

iaw

gulf

(cleft, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”.

iâ

gulf

1) iâ (chasm, void, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383), 2) iaw (cleft, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”.

iâ

gulf

(chasm, void, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)

dîn

gap

1) dîn (i dhîn) (opening, mountain pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nîn); coll. pl. díniath. Note: a homophone means ”silence”. 2) gass (i **ass, construct gas) (hole), pl. gais (i ngais** = i ñais)

dîn

gap

(i dhîn) (opening,  mountain pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nîn); coll. pl. díniath. Note: a homophone means ”silence”.

gass

gap

(i ’ass, construct gas) (hole), pl. gais (i ngais = i ñais)

falch

ravine

(deep cleft), pl. felch

yag

root. gap, gap; [ᴹ√] yawn, gape

This root appeared as ᴹ√YAG “yawn, gape” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. yáwe/N. iau “ravine, cleft, gulf” and N. ia “gulf”, the last of these the final element in N. Moria (Ety/YAG). The root √YAG was mentioned several times in Tolkien’s later writings, usually in connection to S. Moria (Let/383; PE17/35, 42). In one place it was given the gloss “gap” (PE17/42).

Derivatives

• ✶yagā ✧ Let/383
  • S. iâ “chasm, pit; void, abyss, chasm, pit; void, abyss; [N.] gulf” ✧ Let/383
• S. iâ “chasm, pit; void, abyss, chasm, pit; void, abyss; [N.] gulf” ✧ PE17/035

Variations

• YAGA ✧ PE17/042; PE17/191

ia

noun. gulf

ia

noun. gulf

Derivations

• ᴹ✶yagō “gulf” ✧ Ety/YAG; RS/437
  • ᴹ√YAG “yawn, gape” ✧ Ety/YAG

Element in

• N. Moria “Black Gulf” ✧ Ety/YAG; RS/437

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶yagu- > ia	[jagu] > [jago] > [jaɣo] > [jaɣ] > [ja]	✧ Ety/YAG
ᴹ✶yagō > ia	[jagō] > [jago] > [jaɣo] > [jaɣ] > [ja]	✧ RS/437

iau

noun. ravine, cleft, gulf

iau

noun. ravine, cleft, gulf

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “ravine, cleft, gulf” derived from the root ᴹ√YAG “yawn, gape” from primitive ᴹ✶yagwē (Ety/YAG).

Neo-Sindarin: I’d avoid this word for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, as it is easily confused with N. iau “corn” and has a number of other better-known alternatives like S. iâ “gulf” and S. cirith “ravine, cleft”.

Cognates

• ᴹQ. yáwe “ravine, cleft, gully” ✧ Ety/YAG

Derivations

• ᴹ✶yagwē “ravine, cleft, gulf” ✧ Ety/YAG
  • ᴹ√YAG “yawn, gape” ✧ Ety/YAG

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶yagwē > iau	[jagwē] > [jagwe] > [jaɣwe] > [jaɣw] > [jaw] > [jau]	✧ Ety/YAG

Variations

• iau ✧ Ety/YAG

ia

noun. abyss, void

rhess

noun. ravine

rhess

noun. ravine

rhis

noun. ravine

rhis

noun. ravine

Derivations

• ᴹ✶risse- “a ravine” ✧ Ety/RIS²
  • ᴹ√RIS “slash, rip” ✧ Ety/RIS²

Element in

• N. Imladris(t) “Rivendell” ✧ Ety/RIS²

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶risse- > rhis	[risse] > [riss] > [r̥iss]	✧ Ety/RIS²
ᴹ✶risse- > rhess	[rissa] > [ressa] > [ress] > [r̥ess]	✧ Ety/RIS²

Variations

• rhess ✧ Ety/RIS²