hessa adj. "dead, withered" (LT1:255)
Quenya
firin
dead
hessa
dead, withered
qualin
dead
qualin ("q")adj. "dead" (KWAL, LT1:264)
Sindarin
fern
noun/adjective. dead, dead person; [N.] dead (of mortals)
An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “dead (of mortals)” under the root ᴹ√PHIR “die of natural causes”, used as a plural noun in the name Dor Firn i Guinar “Land of the Dead that Live” (Ety/PHIR). Christopher Tolkien choose to include the name Dor Firn-i-Guinar in the published version of The Silmarillion (S/188), and most Sindarin writers accept its ongoing validity.
Derivations
- √PHIR “exhale, expire, breathe out, exhale, expire, breathe out; [ᴹ√] die of natural causes”
Element in
- S. Dor Firn-i-Guinar “Land of the Dead that Live” ✧ S/188
gorth
dead
(adj.) 1) gorth (lenited ngorth; pl. gyrth), also fern, pl. firn. These adjectives may also be used as nouns ”dead person(s)”. According to LR:381 s.v. _
gorth
noun. a dead person
gorthrim
noun. the dead
Noldorin
fern
noun/adjective. dead (of mortals)
Cognates
- ᴹQ. firin “dead (by natural cause)” ✧ Ety/PHIR
Derivations
- ᴹ√PHIR “die of natural causes” ✧ Ety/PHIR
Element in
- N. Dor Firn i Guinar “Land of the Dead that Live” ✧ Ety/PHIR
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√PHIR > fern [pʰirna] > [ɸirna] > [ɸerna] > [ferna] > [fern] ✧ Ety/PHIR
fern
noun/adjective. dead (of mortals)
fern
noun/adjective. dead person
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
Qenya
qalin
adjective. dead, dead, [ᴱQ.] dying
An adjective for “dead” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KWAL “die (in pain)” (Ety/KWAL).
Conceptual Development: The adjective ᴱQ. qalin meant “dead” all the way back in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s where it was derived from the early root ᴱ√QALA “die” (QL/76; PME/76). In the Qenya Lexicon it has an archaic variant ᴱQ. †qalna (QL/76). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, qalin appeared in the stative construction qalinya {“is dead” >>} “is dying” (PE16/140).
Derivations
- ᴹ√KWAL “die (in pain)” ✧ Ety/KWAL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KWAL > qalin [kwalin] ✧ Ety/KWAL
Early Noldorin
gwardh
adjective. dead
Changes
gwarth→ gwardh ✧ PE13/146Derivations
- ᴱ√GWṚÐṚ “die”
Variations
- gwarth ✧ PE13/146 (
gwarth)
Early Quenya
mána
adjective. dead
An adjective for “dead” in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s based on the verb ᴱQ. maka- “die” (PE14/58).
Variations
- māna ✧ PE14/058
narka
adjective. dead
An adjective for “dead” implied by the stative formation narkea “is dead” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/140), perhaps connected to some precursor of √NDAK “slay”.
qalna
adjective. dead
Derivations
- ᴱ√QALA “die” ✧ QL/076
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√QALA > qalna [kʷalnā] > [kʷalna] ✧ QL/076
warda
adjective. dead
An adjective for “dead” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√GWṚÐṚ “die” (QL/104), given as a cognate to G. gwarth “dead (only of persons)” in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/44).
Cognates
- G. gwarth “dead (only of persons)” ✧ GL/44
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶gu̯r̄́þa > warda [gʷṝθā] > [gʷṝθa] > [wṝθa] > [warθa] > [warða] > [warda] ✧ GL/44 ᴱ√GWṚÐR > warda [gʷṝðā] > [gʷṝða] > [wṝða] > [warða] > [warda] ✧ QL/104
firin adj. "dead" (by natural cause) (PHIR).This may obsolete the earlier "Qenya" word firin "ray of the sun" (LT2:341)