Quenya 

enquë

cardinal. six

enquë ("q") cardinal "six" (ÉNEK, VT48:4, 6, 9, VT49:57); enquëa ordinal "sixth" (VT42:25); see also enquië. According to VT48:8, the word for "six" may have been encë ("k") in very early Quenya (the form is asterisked by Tolkien), but this was altered to enquë under the influence of yunquë "twelve" (perceived as meaning "2 times 6", *yú-enquë, with the prefix yú- "twi-").

enquë

cardinal. six

Cognates

  • S. eneg “six” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06; VT48/08
  • T. enec “six” ✧ VT48/06; VT48/08

Derivations

  • √ENEK “six” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/07; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√enk- > enque[eŋkwe]✧ PE17/095
√eneke/enke > enque[eneke] > [eŋke] > [eŋkwe]✧ VT48/07
√eneke > enke > enque[eneke] > [eŋke] > [eŋkwe]✧ VT48/08
√enek > enekw > enque[eneke] > [eŋke] > [eŋkwe]✧ VT48/09
√enekwe > enque[enekwe] > [eŋkwe]✧ VT48/10

Variations

  • enque ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06; VT48/07; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10
Quenya [PE17/095; VT48/06; VT48/07; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enquië

enquië

enquië noun, Eldarin six-day week, pl. enquier (Appendix D). Cf. enquë "6". Compare lemnar, otsola.

yunquë

cardinal. twelve

yunquë ("q") cardinal "twelve" (VT47:41, VT48:4, 6, 9; VT49:57; also compare the stem yunuk(w)-_ cited in VT42:24, 31). This word appears already in an early source (PE14:82)_. Some sources point to #rasta, q.v., as another word for "twelve". However, available post-LotR sources indicate that Tolkien intended yunquë as the regular Quenya word for "twelve".

yunquë

cardinal. twelve

Cognates

  • S. ýneg “twelve” ✧ PE17/095; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/08
  • T. yúnecë “twelve” ✧ VT48/09; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/08

Derivations

  • ✶yūnekē “twelve, 2 sixes” ✧ VT47/41; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶yūneke > yunque[jūneke] > [juŋkwe]✧ VT47/41
✶yū-(e)nekē > yunke > yunque[jūnekē] > [juŋkwe]✧ VT48/08
✶yū(e)neke > yunekwe > yunque[jūneke] > [juŋkwe]✧ VT48/09

Variations

  • yunque ✧ PE17/095; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/07; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10
Quenya [PE17/095; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/07; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

encë

encë

encë, see enquë

yuncë

cardinal. twelve

yuncë ("k") cardinal "twelve", before it was altered to yunquë under the influence of minquë "eleven" (according to VT48:7, 8). The form yuncë is asterisked by Tolkien. Compare encë under enquë.

rasta

cardinal. twelve

#rasta cardinal "twelve" (isolated from yurasta_ "24", two times 12; cf. the stem RÁSAT "twelve" listed in the Etymologies). See yunquë. (PE14:17)_

yurasta

cardinal. twelve

yurasta cardinal "24" (two times #rasta "twelve") (PE14:17)

Sindarin 

eneg

cardinal. six

Sindarin [Ety/356, VT/42:25,31, VT/48:6,8] Group: SINDICT. Published by

eneg

cardinal. six

Cognates

  • Q. enquë “six” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06; VT48/08

Derivations

  • √ENEK “six” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/08

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√enk- > eneg-[eneke] > [enek] > [eneg]✧ PE17/095
√eneke > eneg[eneke] > [enek] > [eneg]✧ VT48/08

Variations

  • eneg- ✧ PE17/095
Sindarin [PE17/095; VT42/25; VT48/06; VT48/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yneb

cardinal. twelve

Sindarin [VT/47:41, VT/48:6,8,12] Dual of *enek "six", CE yûneke, Q. yunke, T. yûnece. Group: SINDICT. Published by

yneg

cardinal. twelve

Sindarin [VT/47:41, VT/48:6,8,12] Dual of *enek "six", CE yûneke, Q. yunke, T. yûnece. Group: SINDICT. Published by

ýneg

cardinal. twelve

Sindarin [VT/47:41, VT/48:6,8,12] Dual of *enek "six", CE yûneke, Q. yunke, T. yûnece. Group: SINDICT. Published by

ýneg

cardinal. twelve

Changes

  • iug → imp ✧ PE17/095

Cognates

  • Q. yunquë “twelve” ✧ PE17/095; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/08
  • T. yúnecë “twelve” ✧ VT48/09

Derivations

  • ✶yūnekē “twelve, 2 sixes” ✧ VT47/41; VT48/08; VT48/09

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶yūneke > ýneg[jūneke] > [ȳneke] > [ȳnek] > [ȳneg]✧ VT47/41

Variations

  • imp ✧ PE17/095 (imp)
  • iug ✧ PE17/096 (iug)
  • yneg ✧ VT48/08; VT48/09
Sindarin [PE17/095; PE17/096; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/08; VT48/09] Group: Eldamo. Published by

imp

cardinal. twelve

Sindarin [PE/17:95] Group: SINDICT. Published by

imp

cardinal. twelve

_ card. _twelve. Q. yunque. imp << iug. >> imp. This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

inib

cardinal. twelve

Sindarin [VT/47:41, VT/48:6,8,12] Dual of *enek "six", CE yûneke, Q. yunke, T. yûnece. Group: SINDICT. Published by

eneg

cardinal. six

eneg;

eneg

six

;

enecthui

sixth

also ✱engui (the latter is David Salo’s suggested normalized form of a word that actually appears as enchui in the source, but the longer form enecthui can be used to avoid the problem) (VT42:25).

ýneg

cardinal. twelve

ýneg (VT47:41, VT48:6, 8, 12)

ýneg

twelve

(VT47:41, VT48:6, 8, 12)

Telerin 

enec

cardinal. six

Cognates

  • Q. enquë “six” ✧ VT48/06; VT48/08

Derivations

  • √ENEK “six” ✧ VT48/08

Variations

  • enec(e) ✧ VT48/08
Telerin [VT48/06; VT48/08; VT48/21] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yúnecë

cardinal. twelve

Changes

  • yūnec(e) → iūnec(e) ✧ VT48/21

Cognates

  • Q. yunquë “twelve” ✧ VT48/09; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/08
  • S. ýneg “twelve” ✧ VT48/09

Derivations

  • ✶yūnekē “twelve, 2 sixes” ✧ VT47/41; VT48/08; VT48/09

Variations

  • yūnece ✧ VT47/41; VT48/06
  • yúnec(e) ✧ VT48/08
  • yūnec(e) ✧ VT48/09; VT48/21 (yūnec(e))
  • iūnec(e) ✧ VT48/21
Telerin [VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/21] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

enek

root. six

The root and words for “six” remained very similar throughout Tolkien’s life. The earliest form of this root was ᴱ√ENE “six” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, with the derivative ᴱQ. ende “six” (QL/35). In the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s, the Qenya word for “six” became ᴱQ. enqe [enkwe] with variant enekse (PE14/49, 82), implying a primitive base ✱enek-. This primitive form was made explicit in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where the root was given as ᴹ√ENEK “six” with derivatives ᴹQ. enqe and N. eneg (Ety/ÉNEK). The root and its derivatives retained this form thereafter.

Tolkien spent a fair amount of time analyzing the origin of this root and the basis for the Q. addition of w in various notes on Elvish numbering systems written in 1968 (VT41, VT42, VT47, VT48). One connection Tolkien regularly made was between √ENEK “six” and √ENED “middle”, as “six” was the “middle” of the duodecimal system of numbering (VT41/16; VT48/9); in this respect it was probably an elaboration of the root √NEK “divide, separate, part” by analogy with √ENED (VT47/16; VT48/9). The Quenya -we may have been either a dual suffix based on “six” as twice three (VT48/10) or it might have been by analogy with other important duodecimal numbers like Q. minquë “eleven” and Q. yunquë “twelve” (48/7). Personally I find the second theory more compelling.

Derivatives

  • Q. enquë “six” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/07; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10
  • S. eneg “six” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/08
  • ᴺS. eneph “sixteen”
  • T. enec “six” ✧ VT48/08

Element in

  • ✶yūnekē “twelve, 2 sixes” ✧ VT47/41; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10

Variations

  • enk- ✧ PE17/095
  • enek ✧ VT41/16 (enek); VT47/12; VT47/15; VT47/16; VT47/16; VT47/41; VT48/09; VT48/10
  • en-ek(w) ✧ VT42/24
  • eneke/enke ✧ VT48/07
  • eneke ✧ VT48/08
  • enekē̆ ✧ VT48/08
  • enekwe ✧ VT48/10
  • nekew ✧ VT48/10
Primitive elvish [PE17/095; VT41/16; VT42/24; VT47/12; VT47/15; VT47/16; VT47/41; VT48/07; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

eneg

cardinal. six

Noldorin [Ety/356, VT/42:25,31, VT/48:6,8] Group: SINDICT. Published by

eneg

cardinal. six

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. enqe “six” ✧ Ety/ÉNEK

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ENEK “six” ✧ Ety/ÉNEK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ÉNEK > eneg[eneke] > [enek] > [eneg]✧ Ety/ÉNEK
Noldorin [Ety/ÉNEK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

enqe

cardinal. six

Cognates

  • N. eneg “six” ✧ Ety/ÉNEK

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ENEK “six” ✧ Ety/ÉNEK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ÉNEK > enqe[enekwe] > [eŋkwe]✧ Ety/ÉNEK

-rasta

suffix. twelve

Derivations

Element in

Middle Primitive Elvish

enek

root. six

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. enqe “six” ✧ Ety/ÉNEK
  • N. eneg “six” ✧ Ety/ÉNEK

Variations

  • ÉNEK ✧ Ety/ÉNEK
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ÉNEK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rasat

root. twelve

The root ᴹ√RÁSAT “twelve” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, and students of Elvish long supposed that its unattested derivative ✱rasta was the Quenya word for “twelve”. In later publications, however, the Quenya word for “twelve” was given as yunquë (VT47/41), derived from primitive ✶yūnekē.

This word yunquë dates back to Early Quenya, first appearing as ᴱQ. yunqe in the Early Qenya Grammar from the 1920s (PE14/82), so it is likely that the √RASAT “twelve” co-existed with ✶yūnekē when that root was introduced in the 1930s. In currently published materials, rasta only appears as a suffix in yurasta “twenty four” (twice-twelve) in a discussion of the Elvish duodecimal (base twelve) counting system, also probably from the 1930s (PE14/17). It may be that ✶yūnekē was used for the general word for “twelve”, while √RASAT was used for “groups of twelve” as part of this duodecimal system. If so, it may have only been used as a suffix in grouping words in this counting system.

Derivatives

Variations

  • RÁSAT ✧ Ety/RÁSAT
  • rasat ✧ PE14/017
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/RÁSAT; PE14/017] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

ene

root. six

Derivatives

  • Eq. ende “six” ✧ QL/035
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

enqe

cardinal. six

Cognates

Element in

  • Eq. en(ek)kea “sixteen” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. enqendóre “*sextillion” ✧ PE14/082
  • Eq. enqendóra “*six million” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. enekkainen “sixty” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. enetya “sixth” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. enqellume “*six times” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. enqesto “one sixth” ✧ PE14/049; PE14/049; PE14/082

Variations

  • enekse ✧ PE14/049; PE14/082
Early Quenya [PE14/049; PE14/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ende

cardinal. six

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ENE “six” ✧ QL/035

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ENE² > ende[endē] > [ende]✧ QL/035
Early Quenya [PME/035; QL/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yunqe

cardinal. twelve

Element in

Early Quenya [PE14/049; PE14/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enekse

cardinal. six