numbë

root, foundation

[numbë noun "root, foundation", also núvë (VT45:38)]

núvë

root, foundation

[núvë noun "root, foundation", also numbë (VT45:38)]

sulca

root

sulca ("k") noun "root" (especially as edible) (SÚLUK)

thond

noun. root

thond

noun. root

n. root.

thond

noun. root, root, [N.] base; root-word

A noun in The Lord of the Rings Appendix E glossed “root”, given as an examples of how “nd remained at the end of fully accented monosyllables” (LotR/1115). It was an element in the river-name S. Morthond “Black Root” (LotR/770), so named “because its source was in the dark caverns of the Dead Men” (RC/766). As such this word refers to things that are the root or base of something, not just plant roots.

Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. sunn and sonnas as cognates to ᴹQ. sundo “base, root, root-word” under ᴹ√SUD “base, ground” (Ety/SUD; EtyAC/SUD). These Noldorin forms were revised to N. thund/thonn and N. thonnas while the root was revised to ᴹ√STUD (EtyAC/SUD). The Etymologies also had N. dum “root, foundation” derived from {ᴹ√(N)DUM >>} ᴹ√(N)DUB “lay base, foundation, root; found”, but this entry was deleted (EtyAC/NDUB).

Possible Etymology: This words seems to be a counterexample to the general rule that short u was preserved before nasals]]: compare it to S. mund “bull” and N. lhunt “boat” where the u remained unchanged. The Quenya cognate of this word is typically Q. sundo, so a-affection]] cannot be used to explain the shift of u to o. However in one place Tolkien gave the Quenya form as sunda in Tarmasundar “Roots of the Pillar” (UT/166), so perhaps the Sindarin form was derived from a variant primitive form ✱stundā.

Neo-Sindarin: For purpose of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume thond refers only to an ordinary base or root, and more abstract [N.] thonnas refers to things like root-words or a “✱foundation”.

Derivations

• ᴹ√STUD “base, ground”

Element in

• S. Morthond “Blackroot” ✧ LotR/1115; PE17/096

solch

root

(i holch, o solch), pl. sylch (i sylch)

thonnas

root

pl. thennais (archaic ✱thönnais) (VT46:16)

thond

root

1) thond (construct thon; pl. thynd; coll. pl. thonnath), 2) thonnas, pl. thennais (archaic *thönnais) (VT46:16), 3) thund (construct thun; pl. thynd; coll. pl. thunnath) (VT46:16), 4) (esp. of edible roots) solch (i holch, o solch), pl. sylch (i sylch)

thond

root

(construct thon; pl. thynd; coll. pl. thonnath)

thund

root

(construct thun; pl. thynd; coll. pl. thunnath) (VT46:16)

kulbu

noun. root

A noun appearing only in its plural form kulbî “roots”, corresponding to the collective-noun kulub “roots, edible vegetables that are roots not fruits” (SD/431). As such, it most likely refers to root vegetables only, rather than other senses of the English word “root”.

Derivations

• √Ad. KULUB “*root (as a kind of plant)”

dum

noun. root, foundation

Cognates

• ᴹQ. numbe “root, foundation” ✧ EtyAC/NDUB

Derivations

• ᴹ√(N)DUB “lay base, foundation, root; found” ✧ EtyAC/NDUB

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√NDUB/DUB > dum	[ndumbe] > [dumbe] > [dumb] > [dumb] > [dumm] > [dum]	✧ EtyAC/NDUB

solch

noun. root (especially as edible)