Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Gnomish

cam

adjective. bent, bowed; submissive, humble

cam(m)a-

verb. to stoop, bend, bow, cower; to submit

A verb appearing as {camba- >>} G. cam(m)a- in the Gnomish Lexicon (GL) of the 1910s with glosses “stoop, bend, bow, cower - submit” (GL/25), probably based on the early root ᴱ√KAẆA “stoop” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/45). Beneath it was a deleted verb {G. cav-} “to bend”. This deleted verb reappeared later in GL, with the glosses “to bend, make stoop” and its second appearance was also deleted (GL/25). Beneath its second deletion was a verb G. cavra- that Tolkien said was equivalent to camba-; an earlier entry for cavra- was glossed “stoop, cower”, but the glossed entry for cavra- was deleted.

Neo-Sindarin: In Tolkien’s later writings the roots √KAW and √KAM had different meanings, so I don’t think any of these early verbs can be salvaged. I would instead use the neologism ᴺS. logra- “to stoop, bow, cower; to submit” based on the later root √LOK “bend”, a neologism I coined in 2018.

camba-

verb. to stoop, cower

camp

noun. leap

tauga

adjective. suitable, fitting, convenient

An adjective appearing as G. tauga in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, based on the verb G. tug- (GL/69) which had among its various meanings the senses “suit, fit, be convenient” (GL/71).

Neo-Sindarin: The verb tug- “suit” is no longer viable in later Sindarin, so I would replace this adjective with ᴺS. cammui “suitable, fitting, convenient” based on the (Neo-Sindarin) verb ᴺS. camma- “to make fit, suit, accommodate, adapt”.

cab-

verb. to jump, leap

cavra-

verb. to stoop, cower

noun. hand

Gnomish [GG/14; GL/55; GL/57] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ontha

pronoun. his

Gnomish [GG/11; GL/62] Group: Eldamo. Published by