Sindarin 

biltha-

verb. to resemble, seem like; to seem likely, be probable

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

bilthadren

adjective. probable

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

bilebra-

verb. to equal

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

bilebren

adjective. equable

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

bileutha-

verb. to make equal, equalize

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

bell

strong

1) (in body) *bell, lenited vell, pl. bill. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” belt. 2)

bell

strong

lenited vell, pl. bill. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” belt.

aew

noun. (small) bird

Sindarin [Ety/348, S/434] Group: SINDICT. Published by

aewen

adjective. of birds

Sindarin [Linaewen S/434] Group: SINDICT. Published by

beleg

adjective. great, mighty

Sindarin [Ety/352, S/428] Group: SINDICT. Published by

daer

adjective. great

Sindarin [UT/450, WJ/187, WJ/335, VT/42:11] Group: SINDICT. Published by

#dae

great

#dae (lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".

aew

small bird

aew. No distinct pl. form.

aew

bird

(small bird) 1) aew. No distinct pl. form. 2) fileg, pl. filig; the form filigod appears as an alternative singular. or

aew

bird

. No distinct pl. form.

aewen

of birds

pl. aewin.

beleg

great

beleg (mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig

beleg

great

(mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig

dae

great

(lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".

daer

great

daer (large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

daer

great

(large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

emlinn

yellowhammer

(= "yellow singer"); no distinct pl. form. Also emelin, no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emelinnath. Adj.

fileg

bird

pl. filig; the form filigod appears as an alternative singular.

gwilwa-

verb. to flutter, flit

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

gôl

noun. wave

A neologism coined by Fiona Jallings based on T. vola < ✱wolā, but I think it is better to use attested N. falf for “wave” (Ety/PHAL).

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

mib-

verb. kiss

Sindarin [Unknown] < [[miqu-]] (Qenya). Published by

mib-

verb. to kiss

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

mítha-

verb. to kiss

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

thalion

strong

thalion (steadfast, dauntless), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.

thalion

strong

(steadfast, dauntless), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.

Khuzdûl

gabil Reconstructed

adjective. great

Noldorin 

fileg

noun. small bird, small bird, [G.] *sparrow

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “small bird” derived from the root ᴹ√PHILIK and cognate to ᴹQ. filit (filik-) of the same meaning (Ety/PHILIK). Tolkien said fileg was an “analogical singular” form (along with another singular form filigod) based on its plural form filig. That is because the final -k in ✱philik was lost in ancient times, as explained in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from the early 1950s (PE21/72) so that its historical phonetic development would have produced singular N./S. ✱fil. This form was deemed unsuitable, and a new singular form fileg was constructed based on the plural. Something similar happened with S. thoron “eagle”.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. bilin or bilinc for “a small bird, especially sparrow”, a diminutive form of G. bil “bird” (GL/22, 23).

Neo-Sindarin: I think it is likely that fileg can also be used to refer to sparrows for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, since its Quenya cognate filit was in one place glossed “sparrow, small bird” (PE21/56).

Noldorin [Ety/PHILIK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aew

noun. (small) bird

Noldorin [Ety/348, S/434] Group: SINDICT. Published by

beleg

adjective. great, mighty

Noldorin [Ety/352, S/428] Group: SINDICT. Published by

belt

adjective. strong in body

Noldorin [Ety/352, Tengwestie/20031207] Group: SINDICT. Published by

emelin

noun. yellow bird, "yellow hammer"

Noldorin [Ety/386] Group: SINDICT. Published by

emlin

noun. yellow bird, "yellow hammer"

Noldorin [Ety/386] Group: SINDICT. Published by

emmelin

noun. yellow bird, "yellow hammer"

Noldorin [Ety/386] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fileg

noun. small bird

Noldorin [Ety/381] Singular formed by analogy. Group: SINDICT. Published by

filigod

noun. small bird

filigod

noun. small bird

Noldorin [Ety/381] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Quenya 

sála

noun. gall, bile

A neologism coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT), based on ᴹ√SAG having to do with bitterness and poison.

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Turcafinwë

strong, powerful (in body) finwë

Turcafinwë masc. name, "strong, powerful (in body) Finwë", masc. name; he was called Celegorm in Sindarin. Short Quenya name Turco. (PM:352), compare #turco "chief" (q.v.)

filit

small bird

filit (filic- ("k"), as in pl. filici) noun "small bird" (PHILIK)

miqu-

to kiss

miqu- vb. "to kiss", the pa.t. minquë ("q") is cited, not to be confused with the cardinal minquë "eleven" (QL:61). Also miquë ("q")noun "a kiss". Old plural form miquilis ("q") "kisses" (MC:215; this is "Qenya")

miqu-

verb. to kiss

poldorë

strong, burly

poldorë noun? (not glossed, derived from polda "strong, burly": possibly "strength" as an abstract) (POL/POLOD)

solmë

wave

solmë noun "wave" (LT1:266)

velicë

great

velicë ("k") adj. "great" _(LT1:254; probably not valid in Tolkien's later Quenya; in the context of the Etymologies it would have to be derived from _BEL, but it is stated that this stem was "not found in Q". Perhaps Tolkien rejected velicë because it was too similar to the Russian word that clearly inspired it.)

wilin

bird

wilin noun "bird" (LT1:273; if this "Qenya" word is to be used in LotR-style Quenya, it must not be confused with the 1st pers. aorist of the verb wil-.)

miquë

noun. kiss

vëalta-

verb. to resemble

Primitive elvish

stal

root. strong

The unglossed root ᴹ√STALAG appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like N. thala “stalwart, steady, firm” and N. thalion “hero, dauntless man” (Ety/STÁLAG), the latter a sobriquet of Húrin typically translated as “Steadfast” in the narratives themselves (S/199). Similar forms appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s derived from the primitive form ᴱ✶stalga (PE13/153).

The root √STAL “strong” was mentioned in passing as the basis for the adjective Q. astalda in a rejected page associated with roots having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115; VT47/26 note #26). The name Q. Astaldo “Valiant” appeared as a sobriquet of Tulkas in later versions of The Silmarillion (S/28), replacing the earlier name Q. Poldórëa of similar meaning (MR/146, 149; LR/206). For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume √STAL (and its derivatives) means “✱valiant” rather than “strong”.

Primitive elvish [PE17/115; PE17/185] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mikw Reconstructed

root. kiss


Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Gnomish

bil

noun. bird

A word for “bird” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing next to G. bilinc “sparrow”, but this word was deleted and the gloss for bilinc was expanded to “a small bird, especially sparrow” (GL/22-23). The form bil appeared in a couple other places in the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/23, 31), but seems to represent a “root” rather than a word. Tolkien indicated bil was derived from ᴱ✶du̯il (GL/31), but the exact mechanism whereby du̯- became b- isn’t clear, but a similar change is seen in 1920s ᴱ✶du̯ag- > ᴱT. baga- “beat” and ᴱ✶tu̯ak- > ᴱQ. pak- “apply, attach” (PE14/66).

Gnomish [GL/23; GL/31; GL/39] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bilin(c)

noun. small bird, sparrow

Gnomish [GL/22; GL/23; GL/47; LT1A/Tinfang] Group: Eldamo. Published by

biltha-

verb. to flutter, flit

sôr

noun. wave, billow

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “a wave, billow” (GL/68). Given the latter gloss it seems to apply to wind as well as water.

Gnomish [GL/67; GL/68] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mictha-

verb. to kiss, bill

aigli

noun. bird

Gnomish [GL/17; GL/32] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cailtha-

verb. to kiss

cailthi

noun. kiss

Gnomish [GG/11; GL/24] Group: Eldamo. Published by

felcha-

verb. to equal

felectha-

verb. to make equal, equalize

felegra-

verb. to equal

felegrin

adjective. equable

feltha-

verb. to resemble, seem like; to seem likely, be probable

felthadrin

adjective. probable

Westron

bilba

masculine name. Bilbo

bilcuzil

masculine name. Bilcuzil

bildad

masculine name. Bildad

Early Primitive Elvish

b’ilf-

noun. b’ilf-

Early Primitive Elvish [GL/22] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bili

root. *air

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

miqi

root. kiss

The root ᴱ√MIQI “kiss” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. miq- “to kiss” and ᴱQ. miqele “kissing” (QL/61). Derivatives also appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. mib “a little kiss, a peck” and G. mictha- “kiss, bill” (GL/57). The word ᴱQ. miqilitse “little or tender kiss” appeared in the ᴱQ. Nieninqe poem from the 1920s (MC/215; PE16/90, 92). Tolkien created a new version of this poem in 1955 and reused many of the same words, including Q. mikwi- “kiss” and Q. miquelis “(soft, sweet) kiss” (PE16/96); the latter also appeared as ᴹQ. miqilis “kiss” in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/33). These later examples support the ongoing validity of this root, perhaps as ✱√MIKW.

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vili

root. *air

Early Primitive Elvish [GL/22; GL/23; LT1A/Vilna; QL/101; QL/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

English

Bilbo Baggins

Bilbo Baggins

John D. Rateliff has suggested that the name Bilbo is very likely a name invented by Tolkien, a "short, simple, made-up name appropriate for a hero of a children's book or light-hearted fantasy story".

It has been noted that bilbo is a kind of Spanish sword deriving its name from Bilbao. The element bil "sword" is found in some Germanic names (such as Bilihar). "Bilbo" represents a translation of the original Hobbitish Bilba.

English [Tolkien Gateway] Published by

Early Quenya

yundóre

cardinal. billion

Early Quenya [PE14/083] Group: Eldamo. Published by

miq-

verb. to kiss

Early Quenya [QL/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aiwe

noun. bird

Early Quenya [GL/17; PE16/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

miqe

noun. kiss

Early Quenya [PME/061; QL/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

oi(we)

noun. bird

oive

noun. bird

Early Quenya [PE13/136; PE13/158; PE16/132] Group: Eldamo. Published by

solme

noun. wave

A noun for “wave” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the root ᴱ√SOLO (QL/85). It was also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/85).

Early Quenya [LT1A/Solosimpi; PME/085; QL/085] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tulka

adjective. strong

Early Quenya [PE16/137] Group: Eldamo. Published by

turka

adjective. strong

Early Quenya [PE16/137] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vealta-

verb. to resemble

Early Quenya [QL/101] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wilin

noun. bird

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “bird”, derived from the early root ᴱ√GWILI that was the basis for words having to do with flight (QL/104).

Early Quenya [LT1A/Vilna; QL/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

filit

noun. small bird, sparrow

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “small bird” derived from the root ᴹ√PHILIK (Ety/PHILIK). It also appeared in Primitive Quendian Structure: Final Consonants from 1936 with the gloss “sparrow, small bird” where it coexisted with similarly formed ᴹQ. filinke, elsewhere glossed “finch” (PE21/56). Its plural was filiki indicating a stem form filik- [filic-].

Conceptual Development: In both the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s the word for “sparrow” was ᴱQ. imbilink, an elaboration (diminutive?) of ᴱQ. imbile “swarm, flock, often of small birds” (QL/41), so perhaps “✱small swarmer”. ᴹQ. filit (filik-) first appeared in a set of noun declensions from the early 1930s, but it was not translated (PE21/52).

Neo-Quenya: It is not entirely clear whether filit “sparrow” and filinke “finch” coexisted with these meanings, but I would retain both for purposes of Neo-Quenya, and assume filincë “finch” is slightly diminutive in sense.

Qenya [Ety/PHILIK; PE21/52; PE21/56] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-on

suffix. great

miqilis

noun. kiss

oio

noun. bird

Old Noldorin 

belda

adjective. strong

Old Noldorin [Ety/BEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Telerin

belda

adjective. strong

Middle Telerin [Ety/BEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

aiw

noun. bird

Early Noldorin [PE13/136; PE13/158] Group: Eldamo. Published by

beleg

adjective. great, large, huge

Early Noldorin [PE13/122; PE13/125; PE13/128; PE13/138] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

beleg

masculine name. Strong

Doriathrin [Ety/BEL; LRI/Beleg; RSI/Beleg; SMI/Beleg] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

bel

root. strong

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/BEL; Ety/DING; Ety/STARAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

daʒ

root. great

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/DAƷ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

philik

root. small bird

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/PHILIK; PE21/56] Group: Eldamo. Published by