A Doriathrin noun for “echo” derived from the root ᴹ√LAM (Ety/LAM). Its Quenya cognate láma suggests a primitive form ✶lāmā*, from which the [[ilk|long [ā] became [ō]]], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/lóm).
Doriathrin
broga
noun. bear
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. morko “bear” ✧ Ety/MORÓK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶morókō > broga [morókō] > [moróko] > [mróko] > [bróko] > [brógo] > [bróga] ✧ Ety/MORÓK
lóm
noun. echo
Derivations
- ᴹ√LAM “*sound” ✧ Ety/LAM
Cognates
- ᴹQ. láma “ringing sound, echo; sound” ✧ Ety/LAM
Element in
- Ilk. lómen “echoing” ✧ Ety/LAM
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LAM > lóm [lāmā] > [lāma] > [lōma] > [lōm] ✧ Ety/LAM
rôth
noun. cave
A Doriathrin noun for “cave”, also appearing as roth, derived from primitive ᴹ✶rǭda or ᴹ✶roda (Ety/ROD, EtyAC/ROD). The [[ilk|[d] spirantilized to [ð] (“dh”)]] as usual, then after the final vowel was lost the [[ilk|final [ð] became [θ]]] as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/roth). The original sound [ð] is preserved in the plural rodhin.
Variations
- roth ✧ Ety/ROD (Dor. roth); EtyAC/ROD (Dor. roth)
- rōth ✧ Ety/ROD (Dor. rōth)
Derivations
Element in
- Ilk. Menegroth “Thousand Caves” ✧ Ety/ROD
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶rǭda > rōdh > rōth [rǭda] > [rōda] > [rōða] > [rōð] > [rōθ] ✧ Ety/ROD ᴹ✶roda > rodh > roth [roda] > [roða] > [roð] > [roθ] ✧ EtyAC/ROD Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source rodhin plural - ✧ Ety/ROD
beleg
masculine name. Strong
Cognates
- N. beleg “great, large” ✧ Ety/BEL
Elements
Word Gloss bel “strength”
celon
noun. river
A noun meaning “river” developed from the primitive form ᴹ✶kelun (Ety/KEL), where the [[ilk|final [un] became [on]]].
Conceptual Development: This word was initially marked as Noldorin.
Changes
celon→ celon “river” ✧ Ety/KELDerivations
Element in
- Ilk. Celon
- N. Tum Dincelon “Dimrill-dale”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶kelu+n > celon [kelun] > [kelon] ✧ Ety/KEL
celon
place name. Celon
Elements
Word Gloss celon “river”
gad
noun. fence
A Doriathrin noun meaning “fence” derived from the root ᴹ√GAT(H) (Ety/GAT(H)), most likely from a primitive form ✶gat-. As pointed out by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/gad), its gloss is a bit peculiar, given that the other derivatives of its root same to have meanings associated with caves. As Mr. Fauskanger suggested, this may represent a transition in Tolkien’s thinking on the meaning of the associated name Doriath*: “Land of the Cave” (Ety/GAT(H)) >> “Land of the Fence” (WJ/370).
Derivations
- ᴹ√GAT(H) “*cave” ✧ Ety/GAT(H)
Element in
- Ilk. argad “exterior, outside, (lit.) outside the fence” ✧ Ety/GAT(H)
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GAT(H) > gad [gat] > [gad] ✧ Ety/GAT(H)
galbreth
noun. beech
A Doriathrin (and Falathrin) noun for “beech (tree)”, a combination of gald “tree” and breth “(beech) mast” (Ety/GALAD, BERÉTH). The second element originally meant “beech”, but later meant “mast”; this original meaning seems to be preserved in this compound.
Variations
- galdbreth ✧ Ety/NEL (Dor. galdbreth)
Elements
Word Gloss gald “tree” breth “(beech) mast, *beech nut”
garth
noun. realm
A Doriathrin noun meaning “realm” derived from the root ᴹ√ƷAR or possibly ᴹ√GAR (Ety/ƷAR), perhaps from a primitive form ✶ɣarda or ✶garda given its cognates ᴹQ. arda and N. ardh. Likely the [[ilk|[d] became [ð] after [r]]] and then the [[ilk|final [ð] became [θ]]], a derivation that is supported by the (rejected) earlier entry Dor. garth (dh) in The Etymologies (EtyAC/ƷARA). These probable developments were noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/garth).
Variations
- garth (dh) ✧ EtyAC/ƷARA (Dor.
garth (dh))Derivations
Cognates
Element in
- Ilk. Garthurian “Fenced Realm, Hidden Realm” ✧ Ety/ƷAR; EtyAC/ƷARA (
Garthurian)Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ƷAR > garth [ɣarda] > [ɣarða] > [garða] > [garð] > [garθ] ✧ Ety/ƷAR
neldor
noun. beech
A Doriathrin noun for “beech (tree)”, properly referring to Hirilorn with a true meaning of “three trunks” (Ety/NEL). Tolkien indicated it was a combination of neld “three” and orn “tree”, though it is unclear why the final -n vanished. He marked this derivation with a “?” perhaps because of this uncertainty.
Conceptual Development: Tolkien seems to have coined this word to explain names like Neldoreth. Its most obvious precursor is ᴱQ. neldor (QL/65).
Element in
- Ilk. Neldoreth ✧ Ety/NEL
Elements
Word Gloss neld “three” orn “tree”
thorn
noun. eagle
A noun for “eagle” derived from the root ᴹ√THÓRON (Ety/THOR). Its cognates ᴹQ. soron and N. thoron suggest a primitive form ✶thoronē, where the middle [o] was lost due to the Ilkorin syncope. Its plural form is not thurin as printed in The Lost Road, but is actually thurnin* matching its singular (EtyAC/THOR), as predicted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/thorn).
Variations
- thurin ✧ EtyAC/THOR
Derivations
- ᴹ√THOR(ON) “come swooping down” ✧ Ety/THOR
Cognates
- ᴹQ. soron “eagle” ✧ Ety/THOR
Element in
- Ilk. Thorntor “King of Eagles” ✧ Ety/THOR
- Ilk. Torthurnion “King of Eagles” ✧ Ety/THOR
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√THÓRON > thorn [tʰoronē] > [tʰorone] > [tʰorne] > [θorne] > [θorn] > [θorn] ✧ Ety/THOR Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source thurnin plural - ✧ Ety/THOR #thurnion genitive plural “of Eagles” ✧ Ety/THOR
rond
noun. domed roof
A noun meaning “domed roof” derived from a nasal-infixed form of the root ᴹ√ROD “roof, cave” (Ety/ROD).
Derivations
- ᴹ√ROD “roof, cave” ✧ Ety/ROD
Cognates
- ᴹQ. rondo “roof; cave, cavern” ✧ Ety/ROD
Element in
- Ilk. Elrond “Vault of Heaven” ✧ Ety/ROD
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ROD > rond [rondō] > [rondo] > [rond] ✧ Ety/ROD
umboth
noun. large pool
A Doriathrin noun meaning “large pool”, apparently an elaboration of moth “pool” (Ety/MBOTH). Either the u- is some kind of prefix, perhaps an intensifier, or the initial [m] of the root became syllabic, both as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/umboth).
Conceptual Development: Tolkien seems to have coined this word to explain Umboth Muilin “Twilight Meres”, a remnant of earlier G. Umboth-muilin “Pools of Twilight”. The meaning of the Ilkorin elements is reversed from the earlier name: in Gnomish the word G. umboth meant “twilight” (GL/75). In later writings, Tolkien replaced this name with S. Aelin-uial “Meres of Twilight”.
Element in
- Ilk. Umboth Muilin “Twilight Meres, Veiled Pool” ✧ Ety/MBOTH
bereth
noun. valor
A rejected noun meaning “valor” developed from the root ᴹ√BER (Ety/BER), perhaps from a primitive form ✶berette. The word was probably rejected when Elbereth* change from an Ilkorin to a Noldorin name.
Derivations
- ᴹ√BER “valiant” ✧ Ety/BER
Cognates
- ᴹQ. verie “boldness, boldness, *daring” ✧ Ety/BER
Element in
- Ilk. Elbereth “Valor Star” ✧ Ety/BER (
El-bereth*)Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√BER > bereth [berette] > [bereθθe] > [bereθe] > [bereθ] ✧ Ety/BER
lúthien
feminine name. Enchantress
Variations
- Luithien ✧ Ety/LUK (Dor.
Luithien); PE21/60- Luthien ✧ Ety/LUK (Dor. Luthien)
Changes
Luithien→ Luthien “enchantress” ✧ Ety/LUKDerivations
- ᴹ✶luktiēnē “enchantress” ✧ Ety/LUK
Cognates
- N. Lhúthien “Enchantress” ✧ Ety/LUK; Ety/LUK
Element in
- Ilk. Luithien go Thingol ✧ PE21/60
Elements
Word Gloss luth “*spell, charm” -ien “element in female names” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶luktı̯ēnē > Luthien [luktiēnē] > [luktiēne] > [luxθiēne] > [luθiēne] > [luθiēn] > [luθien] ✧ Ety/LUK
balthor
proper name. Vala-king
A title in The Etymologies translated “Vala-king”, a combination of the root ᴹ√BAL and Ilk. tôr “king”, also attested in its plural form Balthorin (Ety/BAL). It is an example of how voiceless stops became spirants after liquids l and r.
Derivations
- ᴹ✶bal’tār- “Vala-king” ✧ Ety/BAL
Cognates
- ᴹQ. Valatar “Vala-king” ✧ Ety/BAL
Elements
Word Gloss BAL “*power” tôr “king” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶bal’tār- > Balthor [baltār] > [baltōr] > [balθōr] > [balθor] ✧ Ety/BAL Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Balthorin plural - ✧ Ety/BAL
basgorn
noun. round bread
This word is marked Ilk. in one entry in The Etymologies (Ety/KOR), but elsewhere the same word is marked as Noldorin: N. basgorn (Ety/MBAS). The elements of this word are also marked as Noldorin: N. bast “bread” (Ety/MBAS) and N. corn “round” (Ety/KOR). It is possible the Ilkorin word underwent the same phonetic development as its Noldorin counterpart, or that it is a loan word from Noldorin.
Cognates
- N. basgorn “loaf, loaf, [G.] loaf of bread, [ᴱN.] round loaf, cake”
eglador
place name. Land of the Elves
Cognates
- N. Elennor “*Elf-land” ✧ Ety/ELED
Elements
Word Gloss Egla “Star-folk, Elf” dôr “land”
eglamar
place name. Elvenhome
Cognates
- ᴹQ. Eldamar “Elvenhome” ✧ Ety/ELED
Elements
Word Gloss Egla “Star-folk, Elf” bar “home”
lómen
adjective. echoing
A Doriathrin adjective for “echoing”, a combination of lóm “echo” and the adjective suffix -en (Ety/LAM). Its Quenya cognate lámina suggests a primitive form ✶lāminā, from which the [[ilk|long [ā] became [ō]]] and the -en developed due to Ilkorin a*-affection]], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/lómen).
Conceptual Development: Tolkien first wrote lómin (EtyAC/LAM), perhaps indicating some uncertainty on the exact functioning of Ilkorin a-affection on Tolkien’s part. In the North Sindarin dialect that was in some ways the conceptual successor to Ilkorin, [[norths:final [a] did not mutate preceding vowels]].
Variations
- lómin ✧ EtyAC/LAM (Dor.
lómin)Changes
lómin→ lómen ✧ Ety/LAMDerivations
- ᴹ√LAM “*sound” ✧ Ety/LAM
Cognates
Element in
- Ilk. Lómendor ✧ Ety/LAM
- Ilk. Lóminorthin “Echoing Mountains” ✧ Ety/LAM
- N. Dor-lómen
- N. Eredlómin “Echoing Mountains”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LAM > lómen [lāminā] > [lāmina] > [lōmina] > [lōmena] > [lōmen] ✧ Ety/LAM
nauglamír
proper name. Necklace of the Dwarves
Variations
- Nauglamîr ✧ Ety/MIR (Dor. Nauglamîr); Ety/NAUK (Dor. Nauglamîr); WJI/Nauglamîr
Cognates
- N. Nauglavir ✧ Ety/NAUK
- N. mîr na Nauglin ✧ Ety/NAUK
Elements
Word Gloss naugol “Dwarf” mîr “jewel”
dimbar
place name. *Sad Home
Elements
Word Gloss dem “sad, gloomy” bar “home”
elbereth
masculine name. *Valor Star
An earlier name for S. Elurín (LR/147). It appeared in The Etymologies containing Ilk. bereth “valor”, but both this word and the name were rejected, probably when Tolkien introduced N. Elbereth as a name of Varda (Ety/BER). Its initial element might be el “star”.
Variations
- El-bereth ✧ Ety/BER (
El-bereth)Changes
- Elbereth → Elrûn ✧ LR/147
- Elbereth → Elrûn ✧ PMI/Elurín
- Elbereth → Elrûn ✧ SM/325
- Elbereth → Elrûn ✧ SMI/Elbereth
- Elbereth → Elrûn ✧ SMI/Eldûn
- Elbereth → Elrún ✧ WJI/Elboron
Elements
Word Gloss el “star” bereth “valor”
esgaroth
place name. Reedlake
Variations
- esgaroth ✧ EtyAC/SKAR² (Un. esgaroth)
Elements
Word Gloss esgar “reed-bed” ?
lalm
noun. elm-tree
A noun meaning “elm-tree” developed from the root ᴹ√(L)ALAM (Ety/ÁLAM). An identical form appeared elsewhere in The Etymologies with its language marked “D”, perhaps for Doriathrin (Ety/LÁLAM). This word is unusual in that its [[ilk|final [m] did not become syllabic after a consonant]], although it did for other similar words such as talum.
Derivations
- ᴹ√(L)ALAM “elm-tree” ✧ Ety/ÁLAM; Ety/LÁLAM
Cognates
- ᴹQ. alalme “elm-tree” ✧ Ety/ÁLAM; Ety/LÁLAM
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÁLAM > lalm [lalme] > [lalm] > [lalm] ✧ Ety/ÁLAM Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source lelmin plural - ✧ Ety/ÁLAM
ado
adjective. double
An adjective meaning “double” derived from the primitive root for two: ᴹ√AT (Ety/AT(AT)). The entry includes both intermediate and final forms adu and ado. Its Quenya cognate atwa indicates a primitive form ✶atwā*, so this word is the clearest evidence that [[ilk|final [w] became [u]]] and [[ilk|final [u] became [o]]] in Ilkorin.
Derivations
- ᴹ√AT “back, again, twice; two” ✧ Ety/AT(AT)
Cognates
- ᴹQ. atwa “double” ✧ Ety/AT(AT)
Element in
- Ilk. Adurant ✧ Ety/AT(AT)
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AT(AT) > adu > ado [atwa] > [adwa] > [adw] > [adu] > [ado] ✧ Ety/AT(AT)
bel
noun. strength
An Ilkorin word for “strength”, developed from primitive ᴹ✶belē (Ety/BEL), an example of how final vowels vanished in Ilkorin.
Derivations
Element in
- Ilk. Beleg “Strong” ✧ Ety/BEL
- Ilk. Belthronding
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶belē > bel [belē] > [bele] > [bel] ✧ Ety/BEL
ber
noun. valiant man, warrior
A noun meaning “valiant man, warrior” developed from primitive ᴹ✶berō (Ety/BER) after the primitive final vowel vanished in Ilkorin.
Derivations
Cognates
- Dan. beorn “man” ✧ Ety/BER
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶berō > ber [berō] > [bero] > [ber] ✧ Ety/BER
dem
adjective. sad, gloomy
An adjective meaning “sad, gloomy” from the primitive form ᴹ✶dimbā (Ety/DEM). A related form dimb “sad” appears as an element in the Ilkorin name Dimbar. This form dimb is likely either a stem form or a more primitive form.
Possible Etymology: There is no language marker for the word dem in The Etymologies (Ety/DEM). David Salo (GS/248) and Didier Willis (HSD/dem) both suggested that it is Noldorin, based on (1) the fact that the element dimb is explicitly marked as an Ilkorin word for “sad” and (2) the phonological evidence, in that primitive ᴹ✶dimbā would develop into Noldorin dem.
However, the key phonological changes producing dem from primitive ✶dimbā also occurred in Ilkorin: [[ilk:short [i], [u] became [e], [o] preceding final [a]]] and [[ilk|final [mb] became [m]]]. I believe that dem is in fact an Ilkorin word, and that the element Ilk. dimb “sad” appearing earlier in the entry is a stem form, as noted above.
Conceptual Development: The root form of this word in The Etymologies was first written ᴹ√DIM, rejected and replaced by ᴹ√DEM (EtyAC/DEM). As pointed out by Helge Fauskanger, the primitive forms could only be derived from the root ᴹ√DIM (AL-Ilkorin/dem), so it seems that Tolkien reverted the change of ᴹ√DIM >> ᴹ√DEM. An earlier form demb “gloomy, sad” of this adjective (EtyAC/DEM) likely reflects this vacillation.
Variations
- demb ✧ EtyAC/DEM
Derivations
Element in
- Ilk. Dimbar “*Sad Home” ✧ Ety/DEM
- N. Tum Dincelon “Dimrill-dale”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶dimbā > dem [dimbā] > [dimba] > [demba] > [demb] > [dem] ✧ Ety/DEM ᴹ√DEM > demb [dembā] > [demba] > [demb] ✧ Ety/DEM Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source dimb stem “sad” ✧ Ety/DEM
muilin
adjective. secret, veiled
A Doriathrin adjective meaning “secret, veiled” derived from root ᴹ√MUY (Ety/MUY), apparently a combination of muil “vagueness” and the adjective-suffix -in.
Variations
- Muilin ✧ Ety/MBOTH (Dor. Muilin)
Derivations
- ᴹ√MUY “*secret” ✧ Ety/MUY
Cognates
- ᴹQ. muina “hidden, secret” ✧ Ety/MUY
Element in
- Ilk. Umboth Muilin “Twilight Meres, Veiled Pool” ✧ Ety/MBOTH; Ety/MUY
Elements
Word Gloss muil “twilight, shadow, vagueness” -en “adjectival suffix” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√MUY > muilin [mujlin] > [muilin] ✧ Ety/MUY
dior
masculine name. Successor
Derivations
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶ndeuro > Dior [ndeuro] > [ndioro] > [ndior] > [dior] ✧ Ety/NDEW
gwind
adjective. pale blue
An adjective for “pale blue” derived from the root ᴹ√GWINDI, rejected along with its root (EtyAC/GWINDI).
Derivations
- ᴹ√
WIN(I)D“pale blue” ✧ EtyAC/GWINDICognates
- ᴹQ.
vinde“pale blue” ✧ EtyAC/GWINDIPhonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GWINDI > gwind [gwindi] > [gwinde] > [gwind] ✧ EtyAC/GWINDI
lómendor
place name. Lómendor
Ilkorin name of N. Dor-lómen, from which the Noldorin name was derived (Ety/LAM). It is a combination of lómen “echoing” and dôr “land”.
Variations
- Lómindor ✧ EtyAC/LAM (Dor.
Lómindor)Changes
Lómindor→ Lómendor ✧ Ety/LAMCognates
- N. Dorlamren
Elements
Word Gloss lómen “echoing” dôr “land”
menegroth
place name. Thousand Caves
Variations
- Meneg-roth ✧ Ety/ROD (Dor. Meneg-roth)
Elements
Word Gloss meneg “thousand” rôth “cave”
radhrost
place name. East Vale
Ilkorin precursor to S. Talath Rhúnen translated “East Vale” (LR/265). In The Etymologies, it was given as a combination of radhon “east” and rost “plain, wide land between mountains” (Ety/RAD, ROS²).
Changes
- Radhrost → Talath Rhúnen ✧ WJI/Talath Rhúnen
Elements
Word Gloss radhon “east” rost “plain, wide land between mountains”
rhass
noun. precipice
A Doriathrin noun for “precipice” derived from primitive ᴹ✶khrassē (EtyAC/KHARÁS), an example of how [[ilk|initial [x] unvoiced following [l], [r], [w]]] in Ilkorin.
Derivations
Cognates
- N. rhass “precipice” ✧ Ety/KHARÁS
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶khrassē > rhass [kʰrassē] > [kʰrasse] > [xrasse] > [xrass] > [r̥ass] ✧ Ety/KHARÁS
taiglin
place name. Deep-pool
Ilkorin precursor to S. Taeglin in the Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/127, LR/260). In The Etymologies it was translated “Deep-pool” and given as a combination of taig “deep” and shortened form of line “pool” (EtyAC/TĀ, Ety/LIN¹).
Changes
- Taiglin → Teiglin ✧ WJI/Taiglin
Elements
Word Gloss taig “steep, tall, deep” line “pool”
aman
noun. mother
Ilkorin for “mother” (Ety/AM¹), also appearing in its plural form emnin (EtyAC/AM¹).
Variations
- emuin ✧ EtyAC/AM¹
Derivations
- ᴹ√AM “mother” ✧ Ety/AM¹
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AM¹ > aman [aman] ✧ Ety/AM¹ Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source emnin plural - ✧ Ety/AM¹
aros
place name. Aros
A river in Doriath described as “a river with reddish water” (Ety/YAR). This name seems to include a variant of arn “red” or perhaps the root ᴹ√YAR, combined with the suffix -os “land” also seen in thalos.
Cognates
- N. Iaros ✧ Ety/YAR
Elements
Word Gloss arn “red” -os “abstract ending”
benn
noun. husband
A noun meaning “husband” developed from primitive ᴹ✶besnō (Ety/BES), the only example of how [[ilk|[sn] became [nn]]] in Ilkorin.
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. venno “husband” ✧ Ety/BES
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶besnō > benn [besnō] > [besno] > [benno] > [benn] ✧ Ety/BES
caun
adjective. bowed, bow-shaped, bent
An adjective meaning “bowed, bow-shaped, bent” developed from the primitive form ᴹ✶kuʒnā (Ety/KUƷ). The middle diphthong went through various sound changes as indicated in The Etymologies. First the [[ilk|[u] became [o] preceding the final [a]]] (kogna), then the [[ilk|[g] (from ✶ʒ) vocalized to [u] before the [n]]] (coun) and finally the diphthong [[ilk|[ou] became [au]]] (caun).
Derivations
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶kuʒnā > kogna > coun > caun [kuɣnā] > [kuɣna] > [koɣna] > [kogna] > [kouna] > [koun] > [kaun] ✧ Ety/KUƷ
daum
noun. night-time, gloom
A noun meaning “night-time, gloom”, derived from root ᴹ√DOƷ (Ety/DOƷ). The development of its Noldorin and Quenya cognates point to a primitive form of ᴹ✶doʒmē [doɣmē] (Ety/DOƷ, DOMO). This word probably underwent development similar to its Noldorin cognate N. daw but with the retention of the final [-m]: ✶doʒmē > dogme > doume > Ilk. daum. The word Ilk. caun has an attested development that also follows this pattern (Ety/KUƷ). Helge Fauskanger suggested this same phonological history in his study of Ilkorin (Al-Ilkorin/daum).
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. lóme “night, night-time, shades of night, gloom” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√DOƷ/DÔ > daum [doɣmē] > [doɣme] > [dogme] > [doume] > [doum] > [daum] ✧ Ety/DOƷ
dôn
noun. back
A Doriathrin word for “back” explicitly marked as a noun (Ety/NDAN). Its primitive form might have been ✶ndān*, so that the primitive long [[ilk:[ā] became [ō]]] and the [[ilk|initial nasal [n] was lost before the stop]] (as suggested by Helge Fauskanger, AL-Doriathrin/dôn).
Derivations
- ᴹ√(N)DAN “back, backwards” ✧ Ety/NDAN
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√NDAN > dôn [ndān] > [ndōn] > [dōn] ✧ Ety/NDAN
egla
noun. Star-folk, Elf
A Doriathrin word for “Elf” (Ety/ELED), also attested in its class plural form Eglath which was marked as both Doriathrin (Ety/ELED) and Ilkorin (Ety/GAT(H), LED). This word developed from the inverted primitive form ᴹ✶edel[a] of the root ᴹ√ELED (Ety/ELED). First the middle [e] was lost because of the Ilkorin syncope, after which the resulting [[ilk|[dl] became [gl]]].
This word was a frequent element in Ilkorin names. As noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/Eglador), ordinarily the [[ilk:primitive final [a] would be lost]] in Ilkorin. Perhaps it was preserved in Ilk. Egla by analogy with the various names where it appeared, or perhaps Egla was actually the genitival form (of unattested *Egol as Ilk. legol) with the suffix -a(n).
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, G. Egla was the Gnomish word for “Elf”. In The Etymologies from the 1930s, Tolkien first wrote Ilk. Eld for “Elf”, derived from the uninverted form of the root. This was rejected in favor of Ilk. Egla, perhaps an attempt to preserve the earlier Gnomish form.
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. Elda “Elf” ✧ Ety/ELED
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶edel- > Egla [edela] > [edla] > [egla] ✧ Ety/ELED Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Eglath class-plural - ✧ Ety/ELED; Ety/GAT(H); Ety/LED
erdh
noun. seed, germ
A noun meaning “seed, germ” derived from primitive ᴹ✶eredē (Ety/ERÉD). The middle [e] was lost due to the Ilkorin syncope, and afterwards the [[ilk|[d] became [ð] after [r]]], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/erdh).
Variations
- erð ✧ Ety/ERÉD
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. erde “seed, germ” ✧ Ety/ERÉD
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶eredē > erð [eredē] > [erede] > [erde] > [erðe] > [erð] ✧ Ety/ERÉD
gald
noun. tree
A Doriathrin noun for “tree” derived from the root ᴹ√GÁLAD (Ety/GALAD), probably from a primitive form ✶galadā with the second a* lost due to the Ilkorin Syncope. Note that the first element [[ilk|[gal-] did not reduce to [gl-]]] because the initial syllable was stressed in the primitive word.
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. alda “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD
Element in
- Ilk. galbreth “beech” ✧ Ety/GALAD
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GÁLAD > gald [galadā] > [galada] > [galda] > [gald] ✧ Ety/GALAD
garm
noun. wolf
A Doriathrin noun for “wolf” derived from the root ᴹ√ÑGAR(A)M (Ety/ÑGARAM), probably from a primitive form ✶ŋgaramō given its Quenya and Noldorin cognates ᴹQ. narmo and N. garaf (as suggested by Helge Fauskanger, AL-Doriathrin/garm). If so, the second a* was lost due to the Ilkorin Syncope, and the [[ilk|the initial [ŋg-] simplified to [g-]]]. The initial syllable of the primitive form was probably stressed, since the [[ilk|initial [ŋgar-] did not simplify to [ŋgr-]]].
Conceptual Development: An earlier version of this entry had the root ᴹ√ƷARAM, but this produced the same form Dor. garm in Doriathrin [Ilkorin] since [[ilk:initial [ɣ] became [g]]].
Derivations
- ᴹ√ÑGARAM “*wolf” ✧ Ety/ƷARAM; Ety/ÑGAR(A)M; EtyAC/ƷARAM
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ƷARAM > garm [ɣaramā] > [ɣarama] > [ɣarma] > [garma] > [garm] ✧ Ety/ƷARAM ᴹ√ÑGAR(A)M > garm [ŋgaramō] > [ŋgaramo] > [ŋgarmo] > [ŋgarm] > [garm] ✧ Ety/ÑGAR(A)M
gwedh
noun. bond
A noun meaning “bond” derived from primitive ᴹ✶wedā (Ety/WED). Here the [[ilk|initial [w] became [gw]]], and the [[ilk|[d] spirantalized to [ð]]].
Variations
- gweð ✧ Ety/WED
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶wedā > gweð [wedā] > [weda] > [gweda] > [gweða] > [gweð] ✧ Ety/WED
hirilorn
place name. *Tree of the Lady
Elements
Word Gloss hiril “lady” orn “tree”
istil
noun. Moon
The Doriathrin word for the “Moon” developed from the primitive name ᴹ✶Ithil (Ety/I²), though it is unclear how the [st] developed. Perhap it was of the same origin as istil “silver light, starlight” (Ety/SIL).
Derivations
- ᴹ✶Ithil “moon” ✧ Ety/I²
Cognates
- ᴹQ. Isil “Moon, (lit.) Sheen” ✧ Ety/I²
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶ITHIL > Istil [itʰil] > [istil] ✧ Ety/I²
laf
noun. babe
A rejected Doriathrin noun for “babe” developed from the root ᴹ√LAP (EtyAC/LAP). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. lapse suggests a primitive form of ✶lapsē, but elsewhere a [[ilk|medial [ps] became [ss]]] in Ilkorin, as with tuss < ᴹ✶tupsē*.
Derivations
- ᴹ√LAP “*babe” ✧ Ety/LAP
Cognates
- N. lhaes “babe” ✧ Ety/LAP
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LAP > laf [lapse] > [laf] ✧ Ety/LAP
lûn
adjective. pale
A Doriathrin adjective for “pale” derived from primitive ᴹ✶lugni, a revision of the form luin that appeared in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road (Ety/LUG², EtyAC/LUG²). The revision of [ui] >> [ū] probably reflects Tolkien’s vacillation on how primitive [[ilk|[g] vocalized before [m], [n]]] in Ilkorin. The earlier form of this word might an element in the name Draugluin “Werewolf” (LR/134), which in earlier writings was glossed “Werewolf Pale” (LB/205). The early Noldorin word ᴱN. lhui “pale” might be a precursor to it (PE13/149).
Variations
- luin ✧ Ety/LUG² (Dor. luin); EtyAC/LUY (Dor.
luin)- lūn ✧ EtyAC/LUG² (Dor. lūn)
Changes
- luin → lūn “pale” ✧ EtyAC/LUG²
Derivations
Cognates
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶lugni > luin [lugni] > [lugne] > [luine] > [luin] ✧ Ety/LUG² ᴹ✶lugni > lūn [lugni] > [lugne] > [lūne] > [lūn] ✧ Ety/LUG²
moth
noun. pool
A Doriathrin noun for “pool”, derived from root ᴹ√MBOTH (Ety/MBOTH). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. motto suggests a primitive form of ✶mbottʰō. As pointed out by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/moth), the primitive [mb-] might be expected to have become [b-], since initial nasals usually vanished before stops in Ilkorin, as for example Ilk. bril < MBIRÍL*.
Derivations
- ᴹ√MBOTH “*pool” ✧ Ety/MBOTH
Cognates
- ᴹQ. motto “blot” ✧ Ety/MBOTH
Element in
- Ilk. umboth “large pool” ✧ Ety/MBOTH
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√MBOTH > moth [mbottʰō] > [mbottʰo] > [mboθθo] > [mboθo] > [mboθ] > [moθ] ✧ Ety/MBOTH
nan-dairon
place name. *Valley of Dairon
An Ilkorin place name appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, likely a combination of nand “valley” and the name Dairon (Ety/DAY).
Elements
Word Gloss nand “field, valley” Dairon
nef
noun. face
A Doriathrin noun meaning “face” derived from the root ᴹ√NIB (Ety/NIB). The vowel change suggests a primitive form ✶niba, where the [i] became [e] because of Ilkorin a-affection]]. If this is the case, it is not a direct cognate of N. nîf* “front, face”.
Derivations
- ᴹ√NIB “face, front” ✧ Ety/NIB
Cognates
- N. nîf “front, face” ✧ Ety/NIB
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√NIB > nef [niba] > [neba] > [neva] > [nev] ✧ Ety/NIB
orn
noun. tree
A Doriathrin noun for “tree” derived from the root ᴹ√ÓR-NI or ᴹ√ÓRON (Ety/ÓR-NI, EtyAC/NEL). According Tolkien, it was “in Doriath used especially of beech, but as a suffix [it was] used of any tree of any size” (Ety/ÓR-NI). The root ᴹ√ÓR-NI in The Etymologies suggests a primitive form of ᴹ✶ornĭ, but elsewhere Tolkien indicated the primitive form was ᴹ✶ornē (e.g. on SD/302). Both primitive forms would have produced Ilk. orn, as noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/orn).
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. orne “(high isolated) tree” ✧ Ety/ÓR-NI
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÓRON > orn [ornē] > [orne] > [orn] ✧ Ety/NEL ᴹ✶ÓR-NI > orn [orni] > [orne] > [orn] ✧ Ety/ÓR-NI
radhon
noun. east
A Doriathrin word for “east”, derived from the root ᴹ√RAD “back, return” (Ety/RAD). It could have developed from primitive forms like ✶radon or ✶radn(ǝ), with -on developing in the second example because [[ilk|[o] developed between a consonant and a final [n]]] in Ilkorin. As noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/radhon), the sense “east” probably developed from the meaning “back” because the Elves thought of themselves as facing West when marking directions, so that East was behind them.
Derivations
- ᴹ√RAD “back, return” ✧ Ety/RAD
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√RAD > radhon [radon] > [raðon] ✧ Ety/RAD
radhrim
place name. East-march
A Doriathrin place name appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, a combination of radhon “east” and rîm “border” (Ety/RAD, RĪ).
Elements
Word Gloss radhon “east” rîm “edge, hem, border”
saum
noun. drinking-vessel
A noun meaning “drinking-vessel” derived from primitive ᴹ✶sukmā (Ety/SUK). This word went through a number of phonetic changes:
[[ilk:the [k] became [g] before the nasal [m]]]
[[ilk:the [u] shifted to [o] before the final [a]]]
[[ilk:the [g] vocalized to [u] before the nasal [m] producing the diphthong [ou]]]
[[ilk:the resulting diphthong [ou] became [au]]]
Helge Fauskanger originally suggested these developments (AL-Ilkorin/saum).
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. sungwa “drinking-vessel” ✧ Ety/SUK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶sukmā > saum [sukmā] > [sukma] > [sugma] > [sogma] > [souma] > [soum] > [saum] ✧ Ety/SUK
taum
noun. holder, socket, hasp, clasp, staple
A noun meaning “holder, socket, hasp, clasp, staple” developed from the primitive form ᴹ✶takmā (Ety/KUƷ). Most likely its development was similar to that of caun: first the [[ilk|[k] became [g] before the nasal]], then the [[ilk|[g] vocalized to [u] before the [m]]] and finally the diphthong [[ilk|[ou] became [au]]].
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. tangwa “hasp, clasp” ✧ Ety/TAK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶takmā > taum [takmā] > [takma] > [tagma] > [tauma] > [taum] ✧ Ety/TAK
êd
feminine name. Rest
Variations
- Ēd ✧ EtyAC/EZDĒ; PE19/045 (Dor. Ēd)
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. Este “rest” ✧ Ety/EZDĒ
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶EZDĒ > Ēd [ezdē] > [ezde] > [eide] > [eid] > [ēd] ✧ Ety/EZDĒ
-ath
noun. collective plural
A class plural suffix, identical to N. -ath (PE21/57). It is possible this suffix was also used as (and was perhaps inspired by) the Gnomish general plural suffix -th.
Derivations
- ᴹ✶-asta “collective plural” ✧ PE21/57
Cognates
- ᴹQ. -sta “close grouping” ✧ PE21/57
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶-atta > -ath [-attā] > [-atta] > [-aθθa] > [-aθ] > [-aθ] ✧ PE21/57
haudh
noun. heap, ‘piled mound’
@@@
Variations
- hauð ✧ PE19/045 (Dor. hauð)
Derivations
rîm
noun. edge, hem, border
A Doriathrin noun meaning “edge, hem, border” derived from the root ᴹ√RĪ (Ety/RĪ). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. ríma suggests a primitive form ✶rīmā*, where the primitive final vowel vanished in Ilkorin.
Variations
- rīm ✧ Ety/RĪ (Dor. rīm)
- rim ✧ EtyAC/RĪ (Dor. rim)
Derivations
- ᴹ√RĪ “*edge, border” ✧ Ety/RĪ
Cognates
- ᴹQ. ríma “edge, hem, border” ✧ Ety/RĪ
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√RĪ > rīm [rīmā] > [rīma] > [rīm] ✧ Ety/RĪ
(n)golo
noun. magic, lore
A Doriathrin noun for “magic, lore” from the primitive root ᴹ√ÑGOL (Ety/ÑGOL), most likely from the primitive form ✶ŋgolwe based on its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. nolwe. In the entry for ÑGOL in The Etymologies, it appeared as (n)golo*, indicating a variation of the usual rule that [[ilk|initial [ŋg] became [g]]] in Ilkorin. After its final vowel was lost, the [[ilk|final [w] became [u]]], which then became [o], the only Doriathrin example of this second change.
Derivations
- ᴹ√ÑGOL “wise, wisdom, be wise” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
Cognates
- ᴹQ. nolwe “wisdom, (secret) lore” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÑGOL > (n)golo [ŋgolwe] > [ŋgolw] > [ŋgolu] > [ŋgolo] > [ŋgolo] ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
esg
noun. sedge, reed
A noun meaning “sedge” derived from the root ᴹ√ESEK (Ety/ESEK), probably from a primitive form ✶eseke*. The middle [e] was lost due to the Ilkorin syncope, and afterwards the [[ilk|[esk] became [esg]]], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/esg).
Variations
- esg ✧ Ety/ESEK; EtyAC/ESEK (N.
esg)Changes
esg→ esg “reed, sedge” ✧ Ety/ESEKDerivations
- ᴹ√ESEK “*sedge, reed” ✧ Ety/ESEK
Element in
- Ilk. esgar “reed-bed” ✧ Ety/ESEK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ESEK > esg [eseke] > [eske] > [esge] > [esg] ✧ Ety/ESEK
gelu
adjective. (pale) blue
A Doriathrin adjective meaning “(pale) blue” derived from the root ᴹ√ƷEL (Ety/ƷEL), probably from a primitive form ✶ʒelwā* [ɣelwā] based on its cognates. If so, the [[ilk|initial [ɣ] became [g]]], the [[ilk|primitive final [a] vanished]], after which the [[ilk|final [w] became [u]]]. These developments were noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/gelu).
Derivations
- ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
Cognates
- ᴹQ. helwa “(pale) blue” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ƷEL > gelu [ɣelwā] > [ɣelwa] > [gelwa] > [gelw] > [gelu] ✧ Ety/ƷEL
golo
noun. magic, lore
adhum
noun. bridge
A Doriathrin word for “bridge” appearing the Addenda and Corrigenda to The Etymologies (EtyAC/YAT), likely a derivative of the same primitive form ᴹ✶yatmā as its cognates in other languages. An earlier deleted form iaðum may indicate Tolkien’s uncertainty over the development of initial [j] (= “y”) in Ilkorin; elsewhere the rule is that [[ilk|initial [j] vanished]].
Variations
- aðum ✧ EtyAC/YAT (Dor. aðum)
- iaðum ✧ EtyAC/YAT (Dor.
iaðum)Changes
iaðum→ aðum ✧ EtyAC/YATDerivations
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶yatmā > aðum [jatmā] > [jatmē] > [jatme] > [jadme] > [adme] > [aðme] > [aðm] > [aðum] ✧ Ety/YAT
ascar
adjective. violent, rushing, impetuous
An adjective meaning “violent, rushing, impetuous”, appearing as the river name Ascar (Ety/SKAR).
Derivations
Cognates
- N. asgar “violent, rushing, impetuous” ✧ Ety/SKAR
Element in
- Ilk. Ascar ✧ Ety/SKAR
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶askarā > ascar [askarā] > [askara] > [askar] ✧ Ety/SKAR
ascar
place name. Ascar
A river marked Ilkorin in The Etymologies (Ety/SKAR), simply ascar “violent, rushing, impetuous” used as a name.
Variations
- Asgar ✧ SM/325 (
Asgar); SMI/AscarChanges
Ascar→ Flend ✧ SM/135Asgar→ Ascar ✧ SM/325Elements
Word Gloss ascar “violent, rushing, impetuous”
boron
noun/adjective. steadfast; trusty man, faithful vassal
A word meaning “steadfast, trusty man, faithful vassal” developed from the primitive form ᴹ✶bóron- (Ety/BOR). Because the initial syllable was stressed in the primitive form, the initial [bor-] did not reduce to [br-] as it did when the primitive vowel was unstressed. The glosses seem to indicate that it could be used as an adjective “steadfast” or a noun “trusty man, faithful vassal”. However, it is possible that the first part of the gloss is meant to read “steadfast/trusty man”, so that the word is only a noun.
Derivations
Element in
- Ilk. Elboron “Steadfast Star” ✧ Ety/BOR (
El-boron*)Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶bóron- > boron [boron] ✧ Ety/BOR Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source burnin plural - ✧ Ety/BOR
breth
noun. (beech) mast, *beech nut
A word for “mast” developed from the primitive form ᴹ✶b’rethā or ✶berethā (Ety/BERÉTH), because in Ilkorin unstressed initial syllables reduced to favored clusters. It seems this word referred to “beech nuts” rather than the mast of a ship, perhaps generalized to all kinds of forest nuts, as in the Old English word “mæst”. The normal Ilkorin word for “beech tree” is galbreth or neldor*.
Derivations
Cognates
- N. breth “mast, *forest nuts”
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶b’rethā > breth [berétʰā] > [berétʰa] > [brétʰa] > [bréθa] > [bréθ] ✧ Ety/BERÉTH
cwend
noun. Elf
A Doriathrin noun meaning “Elf” derived from primitive ᴹ✶kwenedē (EtyAC/KWEN(ED)), an example of the Ilkorin syncope.
Conceptual Development: This word is nearly identical to earlier Gnomish Cwenn “Elf” before Tolkien revised the phonological history of the Noldorin language so that [[on|[kw] became [p]]].
Derivations
Cognates
- Dan. cwenda “Elf” ✧ Ety/KWEN(ED)
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶kwenedē > cwend [kwenedē] > [kwenede] > [kwende] > [kwend] ✧ Ety/KWEN(ED)
cwess
noun. down (feathers)
A noun meaning “down (feathers)” derived from primitive ᴹ✶kwessē (Ety/KWES) when the primitive final vowel was lost.
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. qesse “feather” ✧ Ety/KWES
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶kwessē > cwess [kwessē] > [kwesse] > [kwess] ✧ Ety/KWES
côm
noun. sickness
A noun meaning “sickness” (Ety/KWAM). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. qáme indicates a primitive form ✶kwāmē*, so this word is an example of how [[ilk|initial [kwo] became [ko]]] after the primitive vowel [[ilk|[ā] became [ō]]]. Both these developments were noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/côm).
Conceptual Development: This word is nearly identical to earlier Gnomish côma “disease, illness” before Tolkien revised the phonological history of the Noldorin language so that [[on|[kw] became [p]]].
Derivations
- ᴹ√KWAM “*sick” ✧ Ety/KWAM
Cognates
- ᴹQ. qáme “sickness, sickness, [ᴱQ.] nausea” ✧ Ety/KWAM
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KWAM > côm [kwāmē] > [kwāme] > [kwōme] > [kōme] > [kōm] ✧ Ety/KWAM
dunn
adjective. black
A Doriathrin adjective meaning “black” (Ety/DUN). Its Noldorin and Danian cognates imply development from a primitive form ✶dunnā. Since the primitive form ended in [a], the Ilkorin a*-affection]] would ordinarily have produced **donn. However, it seems that a-affection was prevented or reversed before [nn], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/dunn).
Derivations
- ᴹ√DUN “dark (of colour)” ✧ Ety/DUN; Ety/ÑGOROTH
Cognates
- N. donn “swart, swarthy; shady, shadowy” ✧ Ety/DUN
Element in
- Ilk. Nan Dungorthin “Vale of Black Horror” ✧ Ety/DUN; Ety/ÑGOROTH
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√DUN > dunn [dunnā] > [dunna] > [donna] > [dunna] > [dunn] ✧ Ety/DUN
eglor
place name. Elf-river
An earlier name for S. Nenning, the river flowing past the haven of Eglorest, marked Ilkorin and translated “Elf-river” in The Etymologies (Ety/ELED). It is likely an elaboration of Ilk. Egla “Elf”. Earlier still the river was named Eldor (SM/227), perhaps containing the earlier (rejected) Ilkorin word Ilk. Eld “Elf”.
Variations
- Eldor ✧ SM/227; SMI/Eglor; SMI/Eldor
Changes
- Eldor → Eglor ✧ SM/227
- Eglor → Eglahir ✧ SM/227
- Eldor → Eglor ✧ SMI/Eglor
- Eldor → Eglor ✧ SMI/Eldor
- Eglor → Nenning ✧ SMI/Nenning
- Eglor → Nenning ✧ WJ/117
Eglor→ Eglahir ✧ WJ/117- Eglor → Eglahir ✧ WJI/Eglahir
Element in
- Ilk. Eglorest ✧ Ety/ELED; Ety/RIS²; SM/227; SM/227
Elements
Word Gloss Egla “Star-folk, Elf” ?
esgal
noun. screen, hiding, roof of leaves
A noun meaning “screen, hiding, roof of leaves” derived from the root ᴹ√SKAL (Ety/SKAL¹). Apparently the initial [sk-] became syllabic [ṣk-], which then became [esk-]. Afterwards the [[ilk|[esk] became [esg]]].
Derivations
- ᴹ√SKAL “screen, hide (from light), overshadow” ✧ Ety/SKAL¹
Element in
- Ilk. Esgalduin “River under Veil” ✧ Ety/SKAL¹
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√SKAL¹ > esgal [skal] > [eskal] > [esgal] ✧ Ety/SKAL¹
esgar
noun. reed-bed
A noun for “reed-bed”, apparently an elaboration of Ilk. esg “reed” (Ety/ESEK). In a hastily written entry in The Etymologies, a similar form esgar was glossed “shore” as a derivative of the root ᴹ√SKAR, but with no language specified (EtyAC/SKAR²). If it was Ilkorin, it probably underwent the same development as esgar “wound”. Both these words appeared to have been coined to explain the name of the town Esgaroth from the Hobbit.
Variations
- esgar ✧ Ety/ESEK; EtyAC/SKAR² (Un. esgar)
Derivations
- ᴹ√SKAR “?stop, end; limit, marge” ✧ EtyAC/SKAR²
Element in
- Ilk. Esgaroth “Reedlake” ✧ Ety/ESEK; EtyAC/SKAR²
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√SKAR² > esgar [skar] > [eskar] > [esgar] ✧ EtyAC/SKAR²
esgar
noun. wound
A noun for “wound” derived from the root ᴹ√SKAR (Ety/SKAR). Apparently the initial [sk-] became syllabic [ṣk-], which then became [esk-]. Afterwards the [[ilk|[esk] became [esg]]].
Variations
- esgar ✧ Ety/SKAR
Derivations
- ᴹ√SKAR “tear, rend” ✧ Ety/SKAR
Cognates
- ᴹQ. harwe “wound” ✧ Ety/SKAR
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√SKAR > esgar [skar] > [eskar] > [esgar] ✧ Ety/SKAR
garon
noun. lord
A Doriathrin noun for “lord” derived from the root ᴹ√ƷAR or possibly ᴹ√GAR (Ety/ƷAR), perhaps from a primitive form ✶ɣarān-*. If so, the [[ilk|initial [ɣ] became [g]]], while the long [[ilk|[ā] became [ō]]] and then [[ilk|shortened to [o] in the final syllable of a polysyllable]].
Conceptual Development: An earlier version of this entry had Dor. garan, which likely had a short [a] in the second syllable which was preserved. Since it did not undergo the Ilkorin Syncope, the primitive form likely either had no final vowel or ended in a short [a], so the second [a] was in the final syllable, which seems to have prevented the syncope; this theory is supported by its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. haran.
Variations
- garan ✧ EtyAC/ƷAR (Dor.
garan); EtyAC/ƷARA (Dor.garan)Derivations
- ᴹ√ƷAR “have, hold” ✧ Ety/ƷAR; EtyAC/ƷARA
Cognates
- ᴹQ. haran “king, chieftain, lord or king of a specified region” ✧ EtyAC/ƷARA
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ƷAR > garon [ɣarān] > [ɣarōn] > [garōn] > [garon] ✧ Ety/ƷAR ᴹ√ƷAR > garan [ɣarana] > [ɣaran] > [garan] ✧ Ety/ƷAR
gwath
noun. shade
A noun glossed “shade” (shadow) derived from the root ᴹ√WATH (Ety/WATH). It is a clear example of how [[ilk|initial [w] became [gw]]] in Ilkorin, and it appears in several names: Thuringwethil “(Woman of) Secret Shadow” and Urthin Gwethion (unglossed but presumably “*Mountains of Shadow”).
Derivations
- ᴹ√WATH “shade” ✧ Ety/WATH
Cognates
- N. gwath “shade” ✧ Ety/WATH
Element in
- Ilk. Urthin Gwethion “*Mountains of Shadow” ✧ EtyAC/WATH
- Ilk. Thuringwethil “(Woman of) Secret Shadow”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√WATH > gwath [watʰā] > [watʰa] > [waθa] > [gwaθa] > [gwaθ] ✧ Ety/WATH Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Gwethion genitive plural - ✧ EtyAC/WATH
gwelo
noun. air, lower air
A noun for “air” or “the lower air”, derived from the same primitive form ᴹ✶wilwā as its Quenya equivalent ᴹQ. Wilwa (Ety/WIL). Here the [[ilk|initial [w] became [gw]]]. Furthermore, after the [[ilk|final [a] was lost]], the [[ilk|final [w] became [u]]] and then became [o], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/gwelo).
Conceptual Development: In the Addenda and Corrigenda to The Etymologies, Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne indicated the Tolkien revised this form to gwelm at the same time as he change its primitive to ᴹ✶wilmā and the Quenya form to ᴹQ. Wilma (EtyAC/WIL). This entry keeps the earlier Ilkorin form gwelo because Tolkien never revised ᴹQ. Wilwa in the narratives of this period.
Variations
- gwelm ✧ EtyAC/WIL
Changes
- gwelo → gwelm “air, lower air” ✧ EtyAC/WIL
Derivations
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶wilwā > gwelu > gwelo [wilwā] > [wilwa] > [welwa] > [gwelwa] > [gwelw] > [gwelu] > [gwelo] ✧ Ety/WIL ᴹ✶wilmā > gwelm [wilmā] > [wilma] > [welma] > [gwelma] > [gwelm] ✧ Ety/WIL
gwene
adjective. green
An adjective for “green” derived from the root ᴹ√GWEN (Ety/GWEN). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. wenya suggests its primitive form was ✶gwenyā* [gwenjā]. If so, it is an example of how, after [[ilk|final [a] was lost]], the [[ilk|final [j] became [i]]] and then became [e], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/gwene).
Derivations
- ᴹ√GWEN “*fresh, green” ✧ Ety/GWEN
Cognates
- ᴹQ. wenya “green, yellow-green, fresh” ✧ Ety/GWEN
Element in
- Ilk. Duilwen ✧ Ety/GWEN
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GWEN > gwene [gwenjā] > [gwenja] > [gwenj] > [gweni] > [gwene] ✧ Ety/GWEN
legol
adjective. nimble, active, running free
An Ilkorin adjective meaning “nimble, active, running free” developed from the root ᴹ√LEK, an element in the river name Legolin (Ety/LEK). It probably developed from a primitive form ✶leklā*: after the [[ilk|primitive final [a] was lost]], the resulting [[ilk|final [l] became syllabic and developed into [-ol]]], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/legol).
Conceptual Development: Tolkien did not revise the river name Legolin after abandoning the Ilkorin language, so it is possible he reconceived this word as Sindarin. Its phonetic development from ✶leklā* would have produced the same result in Noldorin/Sindarin.
Derivations
- ᴹ√LEK “loose, let loose, release” ✧ Ety/LEK
Cognates
- N. lhain “free(d)” ✧ Ety/LEK
Element in
- Ilk. Legolin ✧ Ety/LEK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LEK > legol [leklā] > [lekla] > [legla] > [legl] > [legol] ✧ Ety/LEK
lung
adjective. heavy
A Doriathrin adjective for “heavy” derived from primitive ᴹ✶lungā (Ety/LUG¹). It is an example of how the Ilkorin a-affection was prevented or reverted before [ŋg], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/lung).
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. lunga “heavy; fraught” ✧ Ety/LUG¹
Element in
- Ilk. Mablung “Heavy-hand” ✧ Ety/LUG¹
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶lungā > lung [luŋgā] > [luŋga] > [loŋga] > [luŋga] > [luŋg] ✧ Ety/LUG¹
meneg
cardinal. thousand
A Doriathrin word meaning “thousand” (or possibly just “large in number”) attested only as an element in the name Dor. Menegroth* “Thousand Caves” (Ety/ROD, LR/220). Its etymology is entirely unclear.
Variations
- Meneg ✧ Ety/ROD (Dor. Meneg)
Element in
- Ilk. Menegroth “Thousand Caves” ✧ Ety/ROD
mêd
adjective. wet
Mêd is a Doriathrin adjective for “wet” derived from primitive ᴹ✶mizdā, appearing as an element in the mountain name Dolmed “Wet Head” (Ety/MIZD). First the [[ilk|short [i] became [e] preceding the final [a]]], then the [e] lengthened due to the [[ilk|vocalization of [z] before voiced stops]]. It is unclear, though, whether the vowel lengthened directly (as suggested by Helge Fauskanger, AL-Doriathrin/méd), or whether it first became the diphthong [ei] after which [[ilk|[ei] became [ē]]] (the theory used here).
Conceptual Development: After abandoning the Ilkorin language, Tolkien retained the name Dolmed. It is possible Tolkien reconceived of this word as Sindarin, but if so, its Sindarin form should perhaps be *mêdh, not mêd, since voiced stops became spirants after vowels in Sindarin. In Silmarillion map revisions from the 1950s-60s, Tolkien did write Dolmeð (WJ/183 section F14), but he never made the corresponding change in the narratives.
Neo-Sindarin: For the purposes of Neo-Sindarin writing, it would be better to use one of the other attested Sindarin words for “wet”, such as nîn.
Variations
- mēd ✧ Ety/MIZD (Dor. mēd)
- méd ✧ EtyAC/MIZD (Dor. méd)
Derivations
Element in
- Ilk. Dolmed “Wet Head” ✧ Ety/MIZD
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶mizdā > mēd [mizdā] > [mizda] > [mezda] > [meida] > [meid] > [mēd] ✧ Ety/MIZD
môr
noun. night
A noun for “night” derived from primitive ᴹ✶mǭri (EtyAC/MOR), where the primitive [[ilk|[ǭ] became [ō]]].
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. móre “blackness, dark, night” ✧ Ety/MOR
Element in
- Ilk. myrilind “nightingale” ✧ Ety/MOR
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶mǭri > môr [mǭri] > [mǭre] > [mōre] > [mōr] ✧ EtyAC/MOR
talum
noun. ground, floor
A noun meaning “ground, floor” derived from the root ᴹ√TALAM (Ety/TALAM). Most likely it developed from primitive ✶talama*, first losing the second [a] due to the Ilkorin syncope and the final [a] when short final vowels vanished, after which the resulting [[ilk|final [m] became syllabic and developed into [um]]]. These developments were suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/talum).
Derivations
- ᴹ√TALAM “base, root, foundation; floor, ground” ✧ Ety/TAL
Cognates
- ᴹQ. talan “floor, ground” ✧ Ety/TAL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√TALAM > talum [talama] > [talma] > [talm] > [talum] ✧ Ety/TAL Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source telmin plural - ✧ Ety/TAL
tóril
noun. queen
A noun for “queen”, a combination of tôr “king” with the feminine suffix -il, though according to Tolkien it was used only as a title for Melian (Ety/TĀ).
Variations
- tōril ✧ Ety/TĀ
Cognates
- ᴹQ. tári “queen” ✧ Ety/TĀ
Elements
Word Gloss tôr “king” -il “feminine suffix”
usc
noun. smoke
A noun for “smoke” developed from primitive ᴹ✶us(u)kwē (Ety/USUK). In this example, the loss of the second [u] was probably very early, since it appears in all child languages. This word is a good example of how [[ilk|[w] vanished after medial velars]] in Ilkorin, as noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/usc).
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. usqe “reek; dusk, twilight” ✧ Ety/USUK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶us(u)k-wē > usc [uskwē] > [uskwe] > [uske] > [usk] ✧ Ety/USUK
ôr
noun. blood
A noun for “blood” derived from the root ᴹ√YAR (Ety/YAR). Its cognates ᴹQ. yár and N. iâr indicates a primitive form ✶yār(ǝ) [jārǝ], where the vowel changed to [o] because of Ilkorin a-affection]]. Helge Fauskanger suggested instead that the primitive form was ✶yara because of the Quenya stem form yar-, with a lengthening of the vowel in the primitive monosyllabic form (AL-Ilkorin/ôr) @@@ examine further.
Derivations
- ᴹ√YAR “blood” ✧ Ety/YAR
Cognates
- ᴹQ. yár “blood” ✧ Ety/YAR
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√YAR > ôr [jārǝ] > [jār] > [jōr] > [ōr] ✧ Ety/YAR
ariador
place name. Land Outside
A variant form of Argador “[Land] Outside the Fence”, marked as Falathrin in The Etymologies (Ety/GAT(H), Ety/AR²). If so, it is evidence that in that dialect, primitive [g] became [i] between an [r] and a vowel, just as in the main Ilkorin dialect [[ilk|[g] became [i] between an [l] and a vowel]].
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, ᴱIlk. Aryador or Ariador was also said to be a dialectical word, from (early) Ilkorin (GL/20), possibly with a similar phonetic development.
Variations
- Ariad/Ariador ✧ Ety/AR² (Fal. Ariad/Ariador)
Cognates
belthronding
proper name. Belthronding
Variations
- Bel-thron(d)-ding ✧ Ety/DING
- Balthronding ✧ Ety/STARAN
Elements
Word Gloss bel “strength” thrôn “stiff, hard” ding “sound, *twang”
brithombar
place name. *Brithon-home
Elements
Word Gloss Brithon “Pebbly” bar “home”
duin
noun. water, river
A noun meaning “water, river”, simply an elaboration of its root ᴹ√DUY (Ety/DUI).
Derivatives
- N. duin “water, river” ✧ Ety/DUI
Derivations
- ᴹ√DUY “*flow” ✧ Ety/DUI
Element in
- Ilk. Esgalduin “River under Veil” ✧ Ety/DUI
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√DUI̯ > duin [dujn] > [duin] ✧ Ety/DUI
lindon
place name. Musical Land
Variations
- Lhinnon ✧ Ety/LIN²
Derivations
- ᴹ✶Lindān-d “musical land” ✧ Ety/LIN²
Element in
- N. Eredlindon “Mountains of Lindon, (earlier) Blue Mountains” ✧ Ety/LIN²
- N. Forlindon ✧ TII/Lindon
- N. Harlindon ✧ TII/Lindon
Elements
Word Gloss lind “song, chant, singing; singer, song, chant, singing, [N.] air, tune; [N. and S.] singer” ? Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶Lindān-d > Lindon [lindānd] > [lindōnd] > [lindōn] > [lindon] ✧ Ety/LIN²
mablosgen
masculine name. Empty-handed
An Ilkorin precursor to Beren’s name S. Camlost “Empty-handed” (SM/311). This name appeared in The Etymologies as a combination of mâb “hand” and losgen “empty” (Ety/MAP), and was at one point changed to Ilk. Mablost (LR/405).
Changes
- Mablosgen → Camlost ✧ LR/146
- Mablosgen → Mablothren “Empty-handed” ✧ LR/405
- Mablosgen → Mablost ✧ LR/405
- Mablosgen → Camlost ✧ SMI/Camlost
- Mablosgen → Camlost “Empty-handed” ✧ SMI/Mablosgen
Cognates
- N.
Mablothren“*Empty-handed”Elements
Word Gloss mâb “hand” losgen “empty”
mablost
masculine name. Empty-handed
A precursor to Beren’s name S. Camlost “Empty-handed” (SM/311). This name appeared in The Etymologies where it was marked as Doriathrin and given as a combination of mâb “hand” and lost “empty”, the equivalent of N. Camlost (Ety/KAB).
Elements
Word Gloss mâb “hand” lost “empty”
ungor
adjective. black, dark, gloomy
An adjective meaning “black, dark, gloomy” developed from the root ᴹ√UÑG (Ety/UÑG), perhaps from a primitive form ✶uñgrā̆* [uŋgrā̆] as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/ungor): after the [[ilk|primitive final [a] was lost]], the resulting [[ilk|final [r] would become syllabic and develop into [-or]]].
Derivations
- ᴹ√UÑG “*gloom” ✧ Ety/UÑG
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√UÑG > ungor [uŋgra] > [uŋgr] > [uŋgor] ✧ Ety/UÑG
(n)gôl
adjective. wise, magical
A Doriathrin adjective for “wise, magical” derived from the root ᴹ√ÑGOL (Ety/ÑGOL, THIN). In an earlier version of this entry, the forms were ngûl and gûl, but these were rejected (EtyAC/ÑGOL). It may be that Tolkien was considering making this another case where [[ilk|long [ō] became [ū]]] in Ilkorin, but he rejected the idea. In the entry for ÑGOL in The Etymologies, it appeared as both ngôl and gôl; the first of seems to be a variant of the usual rule that [[ilk|initial [ŋg] became [g]]] in Ilkorin.
Variations
- ngôl/gôl ✧ Ety/ÑGOL (Dor. ngôl/gôl)
- gōl ✧ Ety/THIN (Dor. gōl)
- ngol/gôl ✧ EtyAC/ÑGOL (Dor. ngol/gôl)
- ngûl/gûl ✧ EtyAC/ÑGOL (Dor.
ngûl/gûl)- gôl ✧ EtyAC/THIN (Dor. gôl)
Changes
ngûl/gûl→ ngôl/gôl ✧ Ety/ÑGOLDerivations
- ᴹ√ÑGOL “wise, wisdom, be wise” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL; Ety/THIN
Cognates
- ᴹQ. nóla “wise, learned” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
Element in
- Ilk. Thingol “*Grey-wise” ✧ Ety/THIN
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÑGOL > ngôl/gôl [ŋgōl] > [ŋgōl] ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
adar
noun. father
The Ilkorin word for “father” derived from primitive ᴹ✶atar[ă], also attested in its plural form edrin (Ety/ATA). It is identical to its Noldorin cognate N. adar having undergone similar phonetic changes from its primitive form, possibly ✶atară*.
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. atar “father” ✧ Ety/ATA
Element in
- Ilk. adda “father (hypocoristic)” ✧ Ety/ATA
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶atar > adar [atara] > [atar] > [adar] ✧ Ety/ATA Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source edrin plural - ✧ Ety/ATA
cwên
noun. small gull, petrel, sea-bird
A noun meaning “small gull, petrel, sea-bird” derived from primitive ᴹ✶kwǣnē (EtyAC/KWǢ, PE22/32), an example of how primitive [[ilk|[ǣ] became [ē]]] in Ilkorin. In the Etymologies, this word was marked as Ilkorin (EtyAC/KWǢ), while in Tolkien’s description of the “Fëanorian Alphabet”, it was marked as Falathrin (PE22/32).
Variations
- cwēn ✧ EtyAC/KWǢ; PE22/032 (Fal. cwēn)
Derivatives
- N. cuen “small gull, petrel, sea-bird” ✧ EtyAC/KWǢ; PE22/032
Derivations
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶kwǣ-nē > cwēn [kwǣnē] > [kwǣne] > [kwēne] > [kwēn] ✧ EtyAC/KWǢ
dairon
masculine name. Dairon
Changes
- Dairon → Daeron ✧ LR/301
- Dairon → Daeron ✧ LRI/Dairon
- Dairon → Daeron ✧ PMI/Daeron
- Dairon → Daeron ✧ TII/Dairon
Dairon→ Daeron ✧ VT42/11- Dairon → Daeron ✧ WJI/Dairon
Element in
- Ilk. Nan-Dairon “*Valley of Dairon” ✧ Ety/DAY
Elements
Word Gloss dair “shadow of trees” -on “masculine suffix”
dolmed
place name. Wet Head
Variations
- Dolm ✧ LR/146; LR/278; LRI/Dolm; SM/232; SMI/Dolm; SMI/Dolmed; WJI/Dolmed
Changes
- Dolm → Dolmed ✧ LR/146
- Dolm → Dolmed ✧ LR/278
- Dolm → Dolmed ✧ LRI/Dolm
- Dolm → Dolmed ✧ SM/232
- Dolm → Dolmed ✧ SMI/Dolmed
- Dolm → Dolmed ✧ WJI/Dolmed
Derivations
- ᴹ√NDOL “*head” ✧ Ety/NDOL
Elements
Word Gloss dol “head, *hill” mêd “wet” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√NDOL > Ndolmed > Dolmed [ndolmed] > [dolmed] ✧ Ety/NDOL
dorthonion
place name. Land of Pines
Variations
- Dor-thonion ✧ Ety/THŌN
- Dorthanion ✧ LR/145; LR/257; LR/405 (Dor. Dorthanion); LRI/Dorthonion
Changes
- Dorthanion → Dorthonion ✧ LR/145
- Dorthanion → Dorthonion ✧ LR/257
Cognates
- N. Dor-na-Thuin “Land of Pines” ✧ Ety/THŌN
Elements
Word Gloss dôr “land” thôn “pine-tree”
elrond
masculine name. Vault of Heaven
Elements
Word Gloss el “star” rond “domed roof”
gangel
noun. harp
A noun meaning “harp” derived from the root ᴹ√ÑGAN(AD) (Ety/ÑGAN), probably from a primitive form ✶ngandellē based on its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. nandelle. Its plural form genglin is a good representation of the rules for plural nouns in Ilkorin: the suffix -in*, the syncope of the final vowel and mutation of other vowels. It is also an example of how primitive [[ilk|[nd] sometimes became [ŋg]]] in Ilkorin. As suggested by Helge Fauskanger, this may be due to assimilation to the preceding [g] (AL-Ilkorin/gangel).
Derivations
- ᴹ√ÑGAN(AD) “play (on stringed instrument)” ✧ Ety/ÑGAN
Cognates
- ᴹQ. nandelle “little harp, little harp, *lyre” ✧ Ety/ÑGAN
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÑGANAD > gangel [ŋgandellē] > [ŋgandelle] > [ŋgandell] > [ŋgaŋgell] > [ŋgaŋgel] > [gaŋgel] ✧ Ety/ÑGAN Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source genglin plural - ✧ Ety/ÑGAN
gelion
adjective. bright
An adjective meaning “bright” derived from the root ᴹ√GAL, the basis of the river name Gelion (Ety/GYEL). There isn’t enough information to deduce its primitive form, but Helge Fauskanger suggested ✶galjānā* (AL-Ilkorin/gelion), which seems reasonably plausible.
Derivations
- ᴹ√GAL “shine” ✧ Ety/GYEL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GAL > gelion [galjānā] > [galjāna] > [galjōna] > [galiōna] > [geliōna] > [geliōn] > [gelion] ✧ Ety/GYEL
gwên
noun. greenness
A noun for “greenness” derived from the root ᴹ√GWEN (Ety/GWEN).
Derivations
- ᴹ√GWEN “*fresh, green” ✧ Ety/GWEN
Cognates
- ᴹQ. wén “greenness, freshness; youth” ✧ Ety/GWEN
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GWEN > gwên [gwēn] ✧ Ety/GWEN
gôl
adjective. wise, magical
melian
feminine name. Melian
morgul
noun. sorcery
A Doriathrin noun for “sorcery”, written as mor(n)gul indicating the loss of an earlier n (Ety/ÑGOL). The elements of this word seem to be a combination of derivatives of the roots ᴹ√MOR and ᴹ√ÑGOL. The u in the final element -gul is problematic phonetically, as it is in the similar word durgul. Tolkien first wrote this word as morgol (EtyAC/ÑGOL), probably reflecting this phonetic uncertainty. As with durgul, Tolkien may have resolved this uncertainty by deciding this word was Noldorin, since N. morgul appears in a marginal note in The Etymologies (EtyAC/ÑGOL).
Variations
- mor(n)gul ✧ Ety/ÑGOL (Dor. mor(n)gul)
- morgol ✧ EtyAC/ÑGOL (Dor.
morgol)Changes
morgol→ mor(n)gul ✧ Ety/ÑGOLCognates
nan dungorthin
place name. Vale of Black Horror
A Doriathrin precursor to S. Nan Dungortheb (LR/261), given in The Etymologies as a combination of nand “valley”, dunn “black” and ngorthin “horrible” (Ety/NAD, DUN, ÑGOROTH).
Variations
- Nandungorthin ✧ Ety/NAD (Dor. Nandungorthin)
- Nann Dungorthin ✧ Ety/ÑGOROTH (Dor. Nann Dungorthin)
- Dungorthin ✧ LB/348; LR/299; LRI/Nan-dungorthin
- Nan-dungorthin ✧ LRI/Nan-dungorthin
Changes
- Dungorthin → Dungortheb ✧ LB/348
- Nan Dungorthin → Nan Dungortheb ✧ LBI/Nan Dungorthin
- Dungorthin → Dungortheb ✧ LR/299
- Dungorthin → Dungortheb ✧ LRI/Nan-dungorthin
Nan Dungorthin→ Nan Dungortheb ✧ MR/127- Nan Dungorthin → Nan Dungortheb ✧ MRI/Nan Dungortheb
- Nan Dungorthin → Nan Dungortheb ✧ SMI/Nan Dungorthin
- Nan Dungorthin → Nan Dungortheb ✧ WJI/Nan Dungortheb
Cognates
- N. Nan Dongoroth “Vale of Black Horror” ✧ Ety/DUN; Ety/ÑGOROTH
- N. Nann Orothvor “Vale of Black Horror” ✧ Ety/DUN; Ety/ÑGOROTH
Elements
Word Gloss nand “field, valley” dunn “black” ngorthin “horrible”
naugol
noun. Dwarf
A Doriathrin word for “Dwarf” derived from the root ᴹ√NAUK- or NAWAK (Ety/NAUK). Tolkien said that it was a diminutive form, not a direct cognate of ᴹQ. nauko or N. naug. It may be derived from a primitive form such as ✶naukle, as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/naugol), though there isn’t enough evidence to determine the original final vowel, since primitive final vowels vanished in Ilkorin. The final -ol* appeared because [[ilk|[o] developed between a consonant and final [l]]] in Ilkorin.
Its genitive form naugla appears as an element in Dor. Nauglamír “Necklace of the Dwarves” (Ety/NAUK).
Derivatives
- N. naugol “Dwarf (diminutive)” ✧ Ety/NAUK
Derivations
- ᴹ√NAWAK ✧ Ety/NAUK
Cognates
- N. Nawag “Dwarf” ✧ Ety/NAUK
Element in
- Ilk. Nauglamír “Necklace of the Dwarves” ✧ Ety/NAUK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√NÁWAK > naugol [naukle] > [naugle] > [naugl] > [naugol] ✧ Ety/NAUK Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Naugla genitive - ✧ Ety/NAUK
region
place name. *Hollin
Cognates
- N. Eregion “Hollin” ✧ Ety/ERÉK
Elements
Word Gloss reg “holly”
regorn
noun. holly-tree
A Doriathrin noun meaning “holly-tree”, a combination of (archaic?) reg “holly” and orn “tree” (Ety/ERÉK, ÓR-NI).
Cognates
- N. eregdos “holly, holly-tree” ✧ Ety/ERÉK
Element in
- Ilk. Regornion “Hollin” ✧ Ety/ERÉK
Elements
Word Gloss reg “holly” orn “tree”
tangol
noun. pin, brooch
A noun meaning “pin, brooch” derived from primitive ᴹ✶tankla [taŋkla] (Ety/TAK). First the [[ilk|[k] became [g] after the nasal [ŋ]]] and then [[ilk|final [l] became syllabic and developed into [ol]]]. These developments were suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/tangol).
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. tankil “brooch, clasp, pin; fastener” ✧ Ety/TAK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶tankla > tangol [taŋkla] > [taŋkl] > [taŋgl] > [taŋgol] ✧ Ety/TAK
thalos
noun. torrent
A noun for “torrent” (Ety/STAL), apparently a combination of the adjective thall “falling steeply” and the suffix -os.
Element in
- Ilk. Thalos “Torrent” ✧ Ety/STAL
thalos
place name. Torrent
Elements
Word Gloss thalos “torrent”
thavon
noun. carpenter, wright, builder
A noun meaning “carpenter, wright, builder” derived from primitive ᴹ✶stabnō (Ety/STAB). The [[ilk|initial [s] spirantalized the following [t] to [θ] (“th”)]], while the [[ilk|[b] spirantalized to [v] after a vowel]], and [[ilk|[n] became syllabic, developing into [-on]]] after it became final. These developments were all suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/thavon).
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. samno “carpenter, wright, builder” ✧ Ety/STAB
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶stabnō > thavon [stabnō] > [stabno] > [θabno] > [θavno] > [θavn] > [θavon] ✧ Ety/STAB
trêw
adjective. fine, slender
An adjective meaning “fine, slender” derived from primitive ᴹ✶terēwā (Ety/TER), where the unstressed vowel in the first syllable vanished to produce the favored combination [tr] as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/trêw).
Variations
- trēw ✧ Ety/TER
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. tereva “fine, acute, fine, acute, *keen; [ᴱQ.] sharp, piercing, shrill [of sound]; acute (pain)” ✧ Ety/TER
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶terḗwā > trēw [terḗwā] > [terḗwa] > [trḗwa] > [trḗw] ✧ Ety/TER
adda
noun. father (hypocoristic)
A diminutive form of “father”, similar to English “daddy” (Ety/ATA). Helge Fauskanger suggested it may have developed from primitive ✶attō based on its Quenya equivalent ᴹQ. atto* (AL-Ilkorin/adda), but I think that is likelier to be a child’s invention, unrelated to other languages.
Cognates
- ᴹQ. atto “father (hypocoristic)” ✧ Ety/ATA
rant
noun. flow, course of river
A word meaning “flow, course of river” derived from the root ᴹ√RAT (Ety/RAT). It probably developed from an nasal-infixed variant of the root such ✶ranta*, as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/rant).
Derivations
- ᴹ√RAT “walk, go in a line (as a road), go in a line (as a road), walk” ✧ Ety/RAT
Cognates
- N. rant “lode, vein” ✧ Ety/RAT
Element in
- Ilk. Adurant
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√RAT > rant [ranta] > [rant] ✧ Ety/RAT
elboron
masculine name. *Steadfast Star
An earlier name for S. Eluréd (LR/147). It appeared in The Etymologies containing Ilk. boron “steadfast”, but the name were rejected, probably at the same time as the name of his brother Ilk. Elbereth (Ety/BOR). Its initial element might be el “star”.
Variations
- El-boron ✧ Ety/BOR (Dor.
El-boron)Changes
- Elboron → Eldûn ✧ LR/147
- Elboron → Eldûn ✧ PMI/Eluréd
- Elboron → Eldûn ✧ SM/325
- Elboron → Eldûn ✧ SMI/Elbereth
- Elboron → Eldûn ✧ SMI/Eldûn
- Elboron → Eldún ✧ WJI/Elboron
Elements
Word Gloss el “star” boron “steadfast; trusty man, faithful vassal”
espalass
noun. foaming (?fall)
A noun derived from the root ᴹ√SPÁLAS and glossed “foaming (?fall)”; the second word in the gloss is unclear (Ety/PHAL). It was marked as Ilkorin (EtyAC/PHAL). Apparently the initial [sp-] became syllabic [ṣp-] and then became [esp-].
Derivations
- ᴹ√SPAL(AS) “*foam” ✧ Ety/PHAL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√SPÁLAS > espalass [spalasse] > [espalasse] > [espalass] ✧ Ety/PHAL
argador
place name. [Land] Outside the Fence
A name for Doriath translated “Outside the Fence”, a compound of argad “outside the fence” (Ety/AT(AT)) and dôr “land” (Ety/GAT(H), AR²). Thus, its literal meaning is “[Land] Outside the Fence”.
Variations
- Argad/Argador ✧ Ety/AR²
Elements
Word Gloss argad “exterior, outside, (lit.) outside the fence” dôr “land”
brithon
place name. Pebbly
Element in
- Ilk. Brithombar “*Brithon-home” ✧ Ety/BIRÍT
Elements
Word Gloss brithon “pebbly”
brithon
adjective. pebbly
An Ilkorin adjective meaning “pebbly” used for the river name Brithon (Ety/BIRÍT). It seems to be a combination of brith “broken stones, gravel” and an adjective suffix -on.
Element in
- Ilk. Brithon “Pebbly”
Elements
Word Gloss brith “broken stones, gravel” -en “adjectival suffix”
cwindor
noun. narrator
A Doriathrin noun meaning “narrator” derived from primitive ᴹ✶kwentrō (Ety/KWET). This word underwent several notable phonetic changes: first the voiceless stop was voiced after the nasal ([nt] > [nd]), after which [[ilk|[e] became [i] before the [nd]]] ([end] > [ind]) and finally an [[ilk|[o] developed between the consonant and the final [r]]] ([-dr] > [-dor]). These changes were all noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/cwindor).
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. qentaro “narrator, reciter, minstrel” ✧ Ety/KWET
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶kwentrō > cwindor [kwentrō] > [kwentro] > [kwendro] > [kwindro] > [kwindr] > [kwindor] ✧ Ety/KWET
gwine
noun. evening
A noun for “evening” derived from primitive ᴹ✶winyā [winjā], but it was rejected along with its root ᴹ√WIN (Ety/WIN). It is the clearest example of the Ilkorin phonetic development whereby [[ilk|final [j] became [i]]] and then became [e], since Tolkien indicated the intermediate forms before rejecting the word.
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ.
vinye“evening” ✧ Ety/WINPhonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶winyā > gwini > gwine [winjā] > [winja] > [gwinja] > [gwinj] > [gwini] > [gwine] ✧ Ety/WIN
hest
noun. captain
A noun glossed “captain” derived from the root ᴹ√KHES “command” (EtyAC/KHES). The language of this word is unclear; Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne indicated it might be ?Bel. for Beleriandic = Ilkorin.
Derivations
- ᴹ√KHES “command” ✧ EtyAC/KHES
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KHES > hest [kʰesto] > [xesto] > [xest] > [hest] ✧ EtyAC/KHES
legolin
place name. Legolin
Variations
- Loeglin ✧ SM/135 (
Loeglin); SMI/Legolin; SMI/LoeglinChanges
Loeglin→ Legolin ✧ SM/135- Loeglin → Legolin ✧ SMI/Legolin
- Loeglin → Legolin ✧ SMI/Loeglin
Elements
Word Gloss legol “nimble, active, running free” ?
ar-
prefix. outside, beside
An Ilkorin prefix meaning “outside, beside”, the same as in Quenya and Noldorin (Ety/AR²).
Derivations
- ᴹ√AR “beside, outside” ✧ Ety/AR²
Cognates
- ᴹQ. ar- “outside, beside” ✧ Ety/AR²
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AR² > ar- [ar-] ✧ Ety/AR²
dair
noun. shadow of trees
A noun meaning “shadow of trees”, derived from root ᴹ√DAY “shadow” and marked as identical in both the Ilkorin and Doriathrin dialects (Ety/DAY). Its primitive form was probably ✶dair- ending in some final vowel, now lost; Helge Fauskanger suggested it might be ✶dairē (AL-Ilkorin/dair, AL-Doriathrin/dair).
Derivations
- ᴹ√DAY “shadow” ✧ Ety/DAY
Element in
- Ilk. Dairon ✧ Ety/DAY
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√DAY > dair [dair] ✧ Ety/DAY
nivon
noun/adverb. forward; west
A Doriathrin word meaning “forward” or “west”, derived from the root ᴹ√NIB (Ety/NIB). It could have developed from primitive forms like ✶nibon or ✶nibn(ǝ), with -on developing in the second example because [[ilk|[o] developed between a consonant and a final [n]]] in Ilkorin. As noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/nivon), the sense “west” probably developed from the meaning “forward” because the Elves thought of themselves as facing West when marking directions.
Derivations
- ᴹ√NIB “face, front” ✧ Ety/NIB; Ety/RAD; EtyAC/NIB
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√NIB > nivon [nibno] > [nivno] > [nivn] > [nivon] ✧ Ety/NIB ᴹ√NIB > nivon [nibon] > [nivon] ✧ Ety/RAD Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source -niv- prefix “forward, west” ✧ EtyAC/NIB
thúren
adjective. guarded, hidden
An adjective meaning “guarded, hidden” derived from the root ᴹ√THUR (Ety/THUR). Most likely the primitive form was ✶thūrinā* as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/thúren), where the [[ilk|short [i] became [e] preceding the final [a]]], before the final vowel vanished.
Derivations
- ᴹ√THUR “surround, fence, ward, hedge in, secrete” ✧ Ety/THUR
Element in
- Ilk. Garthurian “Fenced Realm, Hidden Realm” ✧ Ety/THUR
- Ilk. Thuringwethil “(Woman of) Secret Shadow” ✧ Ety/THUR
Elements
Word Gloss THUR “surround, fence, ward, hedge in, secrete” -en “adjectival suffix” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√THUR > thúren [tʰūrinā] > [tʰūrina] > [tʰūrena] > [θūrena] > [θūren] ✧ Ety/THUR
esg
noun. rustle, noise of leaves
A rejected noun meaning “rustle, noise of leaves” derived from the root ᴹ√EZGE (Ety/EZGE). Its (rejected) Quenya cognate ᴹQ. eske indicates a primitive form ✶eseke*, despite the root form. If so, middle [e] was lost due to the Ilkorin syncope, and afterwards the [[ilk|[esk] became [esg]]].
Variations
esg✧ Ety/EZGE (esg)Changes
esg→ esg “rustle, noise of leaves” ✧ Ety/ESEKDerivations
- ᴹ√
EZGE“rustle, noise of leaves; shade” ✧ Ety/EZGECognates
- ᴹQ.
eske“rustle, noise of leaves” ✧ Ety/EZGEElement in
- Ilk. Esgalduin “River under Veil” ✧ Ety/EZGE (
Esgalduin)Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√EZGE > esg [eseke] > [eske] > [esge] > [esg] ✧ Ety/EZGE
ganu
noun/adjective. male (person or animal)
A Doriathrin word (noun and adjective?) for a “male” derived from the root ᴹ√ƷAN (Ety/ƷAN).
Possible Etymology: Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. hanu indicates a primitive form ✶ʒanū [ɣanū], but ordinarily a primitive final vowel was lost in Ilkorin. Helge Fauskanger suggested that this Ilkorin word was instead derived for adjective form ✶ʒanwā [ɣanwā], which would have produced final -u after the loss of the [-ā] because [[ilk|final [w] became [u]]]. This derivation is indicated in the Phonetic Developments given below.
An alternate possibility, though, is that [u] was an exception to the rule that final vowels were lost in Ilkorin. The Noldorin development ᴹ√ƷAN > ON. anu > N. anw hints at a similar process. This uncertainly in its etymology makes it difficult to determine the part of speech (noun and/or adjective) that this word belongs to.
Derivations
- ᴹ√ƷAN “male” ✧ Ety/ƷAN
Cognates
- ᴹQ. hanu “male, man (of Men or Elves), male animal” ✧ Ety/ƷAN; EtyAC/ƷAN
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ƷAN > ganu [ɣanwā] > [ɣanwa] > [ganwa] > [ganw] > [ganu] ✧ Ety/ƷAN
-a(n)
suffix. genitive
The Ilkorin genitive suffix (Ety/NAUK), attested in Dor. Tor Tinduma “King of Twilight” (Ety/TIN). It might have developed from the root ᴹ√NĀ/ANA, which is the source of the Quenya genitive suffix ᴹQ. -n and the Noldorin preposition N. na “of”. Helge Fauskanger suggested instead that it developed from a suffixal form of ᴹ✶ʒō (AL-Ilkorin/-a). This second derivation seems more plausible given its plural form -ion, though the plural could also have developed from (plural) ✶ī + (genitive) ✶āna > ✶-iān(a) > -iōn > -ion*. See the entry on the genitive inflection for further discussion.
Conceptual Development: This suffix and its plural are the same as the Gnomish genitive suffix -a with plural -ion (GG/10). The derivation of the Gnomish genitive is closer to Mr. Fauskanger’s suggested etymology of the Ilkorin genitive, giving further support to his theory.
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. -n “genitive suffix”
brilthor
place name. Glittering Torrent
Elements
Word Gloss bril “glass, crystal” THOR(ON) “come swooping down”
denithor
masculine name. Saviour of the Dani
Doriathrin name for the leader of the Danians (LR/188), called in their own language Dan. Denethor (Ety/DAN). This name developed from the primitive form ᴹ✶Ndanithārō.
Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name first appeared in forms resembling the Doriathrin name: Denilos or Denithor (SM/271). Later in these drafts, it was change to its Danian form Denethor (LR/119, 145). It kept that form thereafter.
Variations
- Deniþor ✧ LR/188 (Dor. Deniþor)
- Denilos ✧ LRI/Denilos; SMI/Denilos; SMI/Denithor
Changes
- Denithor → Denethor ✧ LR/119
- Denithor → Denethor ✧ LR/145
- Denilos → Denithor ✧ LRI/Denilos
- Denithor → Denethor ✧ LRI/Denithor
- Denithor → Denethor ✧ SMI/Denethor
- Denilos → Denithor ✧ SMI/Denilos
- Denithor → Denethor ✧ SMI/Denithor
- Denilos → Denithor ✧ SMI/Denithor
- Denithor → Denethor ✧ WJI/Denethor
Derivations
- ᴹ✶Ndanithārō “Saviour of the Dani” ✧ LR/188
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶ndani-thārō > Deniþor [ndanitʰārō] > [ndanitʰāro] > [ndanitʰōro] > [ndaniθōro] > [ndeniθōro] > [ndeniθōr] > [ndeniθor] > [deniθor] ✧ LR/188
eglorest
place name. Eglorest
Variations
- Eldorest ✧ SM/227; SM/310 (
Eldorest); SMI/Eglorest; SMI/Eldorest- Eglarest ✧ SM/310 (
Eglarest)Changes
- Eglorest → Eglarest ✧ MRI/Eglarest
- Eldorest → Eglorest ✧ SM/227
Eldorest→ Eglarest ✧ SM/310Eglarest→ Eglorest ✧ SM/310- Eglorest → Eglarest ✧ SMI/Eglorest
- Eldorest → Eglorest ✧ SMI/Eglorest
- Eldorest → Eglorest ✧ SMI/Eldorest
Elements
Word Gloss Eglor “Elf-river” rest “cut”
ermabuin
masculine name. One-handed
Predecessor to the name S. Erchamion. In The Etymologies, the form Ermab(r)in “One-handed” was marked Ilkorin (Ety/MAP), and the similar form Ermabuin from the narratives may also be Ilkorin, since it appeared beside the Ilkorin name Mablosgen “Empty-handed” (LR/131). This name is a compound of er “one”, mâb “hand” and a variation of the adjective suffix -en. The u might be explained as a fossilized dual element [u], but the absence of this vowel in The Etymologies may mean that Tolkien rejected it in the Ilkorin form of the name.
Variations
- Ermab(r)in ✧ Ety/MAP
- Ermabin ✧ EtyAC/MAP (Dor.
Ermabin)Changes
- Ermabuin → Erchamui ✧ LR/146
- Ermabuin → Erchamui “One-handed” ✧ LR/405
- Ermabuin → Erchamion ✧ SMI/Erchamion
- Ermabuin → Erchamion ✧ SMI/Ermabwed
Cognates
- N. Erchamion “One-handed” ✧ Ety/MAP
Elements
Word Gloss er “one” mâb “hand” -en “adjectival suffix”
goldamir
proper name. Silmaril, (lit.) *Noldo-jewel
A Doriathrin name for the Silmarils, a combination of the genitive form of (n)gold “Noldo” and mîr “jewel” (Ety/MIR, ÑGOLOD), hence: “Noldo-jewel”. It also appeared in the variant form Goldomir*, which may hint at the primitive form of the genitive.
Variations
- Goldomir ✧ Ety/MIR (Dor. Goldomir)
Cognates
- ᴹQ. Noldomír(e) “Silmaril” ✧ Ety/ÑGOLOD
- N. Golovir “Silmaril, (lit.) *Noldo-jewel” ✧ Ety/MIR
Elements
Word Gloss (n)gold “one of the wise folk, Gnome” mîr “jewel”
mîd
noun. moisture
A Doriathrin noun for “moisture” derived from primitive ᴹ✶mizdē (Ety/MIZD). The [i] lengthened due to the [[ilk|vocalization of [z] before voiced stops]], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/míd). According to Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne, this form was originally unglossed and may have been initially intended to mean “fine rain” like its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. miste (EtyAC/MIZD, VTE/45).
Variations
- mīd ✧ Ety/MIZD (Dor. mīd)
- míd ✧ EtyAC/MIZD (Dor. míd)
- mêd ✧ VTE/45 (Dor.
mêd)Changes
mîd→ mīd “fine rain” ✧ Ety/MIZDDerivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. miste “fine rain” ✧ Ety/MIZD
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶mizdē > mīd [mizdē] > [mizde] > [mīde] > [mīd] ✧ Ety/MIZD
orth
noun. mountain
A Doriathrin noun for “mountain” derived from the root ᴹ√ÓROT (Ety/ÓROT). Its Old Noldorin cognate ON. oroto suggests a primitive form ✶orotō, where the second [o] was lost due to the Ilkorin syncope [orto]. Later the [t] became [θ] (“th”) because voiceless stops became spirants after liquids and voiceless stops in Ilkorin. Both these developments were noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/orth). This word has two distinct plural forms attested: Dor. orthin (Ety/ÓROT) and Ilk. urthin* (EtyAC/WATH); this could represent distinct rules for the formation of plural nouns in the two dialects.
Derivations
- ᴹ√OROT “height, mountain” ✧ Ety/ÓROT
Cognates
- ᴹQ. oron “mountain” ✧ Ety/ÓROT
Element in
- Ilk. Lóminorthin “Echoing Mountains”
- Ilk. Urthin Gwethion “*Mountains of Shadow” ✧ EtyAC/WATH
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÓROT > orth [orotō] > [oroto] > [orto] > [orθo] > [orθ] ✧ Ety/ÓROT Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source orthin plural - ✧ Ety/ÓROT Urthin plural - ✧ EtyAC/WATH
ungol
noun. darkness
A noun for “darkness” developed from the root ᴹ√UÑG (Ety/UÑG), perhaps from a primitive form ✶uñglē̆* [uŋglē̆] as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/ungol): after the [[ilk|primitive final [e] was lost]], the resulting [[ilk|final [l] would become syllabic and develop into [-ol]]].
Derivations
- ᴹ√UÑG “*gloom” ✧ Ety/UÑG
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√UÑG > ungol [uŋgle] > [uŋgl] > [uŋgol] ✧ Ety/UÑG
lind
noun/adjective. tuneful, sweet; *singing
An adjective meaning “tuneful, sweet” developed from primitive ᴹ✶lindā (Ety/LIND, EtyAC/LIND). It is an example of how the usual Ilkorin a-affection was prevented or reverted before [nd], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/lind). This word may also have had the sense “singing” in the word myrilind “nightingale = night singing”, from primitive ᴹ✶lindē.
Derivations
Cognates
- N. lhend “tuneful, sweet” ✧ Ety/LIND
Element in
- Ilk. myrilind “nightingale” ✧ Ety/TIN
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶LINDĀ > lind [lindā] > [linda] > [lenda] > [linda] > [lind] ✧ Ety/LIND
ass
noun. cooked food, meat
A noun meaning “cooked food, meat” (Ety/AP). Given its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. apsa, it seems to be an example of how [[ilk|voiceless stops became [s] before [s]]] in Ilkorin.
Derivations
- ᴹ√AP “?cook” ✧ Ety/AP
Cognates
- ᴹQ. apsa “meat, cooked food” ✧ Ety/AP
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AP > ass [apsā] > [apsa] > [assa] > [ass] ✧ Ety/AP
lóminorthin
place name. Echoing Mountains
Ilkorin name of N. Eredlómin, from which the Noldorin name was derived (Ety/LAM). It is a combination of lómen “echoing” and the plural of orth “mountain”.
Elements
Word Gloss lómen “echoing” orth “mountain”
taig
adjective. steep, tall, deep
An adjective meaning “steep, tall, deep” derived from primitive ᴹ✶taikā (Ety/AYAK, EtyAC/TĀ). The [[ilk|[k] became [g] after a vowel]] as usual.
Derivations
- ᴹ✶taikā “steep, tall, deep” ✧ EtyAC/TĀ
Element in
- Ilk. Taiglin “Deep-pool” ✧ EtyAC/TĀ
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶taikā > taig [taikā] > [taika] > [taiga] > [taig] ✧ EtyAC/TĀ
esgalduin
place name. River under Veil
Elements
Word Gloss esgal “screen, hiding, roof of leaves” duin “water, river”
garthurian
place name. Fenced Realm, Hidden Realm
Cognates
Elements
Word Gloss garth “realm” thúren “guarded, hidden”
gwilwering
noun. butterfly
A noun for “butterfly” derived from the root ᴹ√WIL (Ety/GWEN). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. wilwarind- suggests its primitive form was ✶wilwarinde*. If so, it is an example of how [[ilk|[nd] sometimes became [ŋg]]] in Ilkorin. As suggested by Helge Fauskanger, this may be due to assimilation to the preceding [g] (AL-Ilkorin/gwilwering).
Derivations
- ᴹ√WIL “fly, float in air” ✧ Ety/WIL
Cognates
- ᴹQ. wilwarin “butterfly” ✧ Ety/WIL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√WIL > gwilwering [wilwarinde] > [wilwarind] > [wilwerind] > [gwilwerind] > [gwilweriŋg] ✧ Ety/WIL
mabluin
masculine name. Pale-hand
A rejected Ilkorin name from The Etymologies from the 1930s, possibly a variation of Ilk. Mablung (EtyAC/LUY). It seems to be a combination of mâb “hand” and the rejected form luin of lûn “pale”.
Elements
Word Gloss mâb “hand” lûn “pale”
neldoreth
place name. Neldoreth
Elements
Word Gloss neldor “beech” ?
regornion
place name. Hollin
A Doriathrin variation of Region appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/ÉREK). It was translated “Hollin” and appears to be the genitive plural of Ilk. regorn “holly-tree”.
Elements
Word Gloss regorn “holly-tree”
thingol
masculine name. *Grey-wise
Cognates
Element in
- Ilk. Luithien go Thingol ✧ PE21/60
- Ilk. Tor Thingol “King Thingol” ✧ Ety/THIN
Elements
Word Gloss thind “grey” (n)gôl “wise, magical”
thôn
noun. pine-tree
A noun for “pine-tree” derived from the root ᴹ√THON, also appearing in its genitive plural form thonion “of pines” (Ety/THŌN, EtyAC/THŌN). Helge Fauskanger suggested that it developed from primitive ✶thon- with a short ŏ because the [[ilk|[ō] did not become [ū] before the nasal]] (AL-Ilkorin/thôn), and only later did the short vowel lengthen in the monosyllable. I think that Mr. Fauskanger may have over-generalized this rule, however, since the other examples of [ō] becoming [ū] occur only before [m] and the change may not have applied to nasals in general. If this is the case, this word could have developed from primitive ✶thōn-. There is not enough evidence to say for certain either way.
Conceptual Development: In notes elsewhere this word was given the form Dor. than with genitive plural form thanion (LR/405), probably associated with the earlier name Dorthanion versus later Dorthonion (LR/145). It is also possible these are Doriathrin and Ilkorin variations of the same word.
Variations
- thōn ✧ Ety/THŌN
- than ✧ LR/405 (Dor. than)
Derivatives
- N. thaun “pine-tree” ✧ Ety/THŌN
Derivations
- ᴹ√THON “*pine” ✧ Ety/THŌN
Element in
- Ilk. Dorthonion “Land of Pines” ✧ Ety/THŌN; LR/405
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√THON > thōn [tʰōn] ✧ Ety/THŌN Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source thonion genitive plural “of pines” ✧ Ety/THŌN thanion genitive plural “of pines” ✧ LR/405
tâch
adjective. firm, stiff, solid
An adjective meaning “firm, stiff, solid” derived from the root ᴹ√TAK (Ety/TAK). Since it ends with “ch” [x] instead of “g”, most likely its primitive form was ✶takka*, since voiceless stops became spirants after liquids and voiceless stops in Ilkorin. Its middle vowel must have been a short [a], otherwise the [[ilk|long [ā] would have become [ō]]]. Therefore, this word is an example of how short vowels sometimes lengthened in monosyllables in Ilkorin. Both these phonetic developments were noted by Helge Fauskanger in his study of Ilkorin (AL-Ilkoring/tâch).
Variations
- tāch ✧ Ety/TAK
Derivations
- ᴹ√TAK “fix, make fast, make” ✧ Ety/TAK
Cognates
- ᴹQ. tanka “firm, fixed, sure, firm, fixed, sure, [ᴱQ.] fast; steady, (stead)fast” ✧ Ety/TAK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√TAK > tāch [takka] > [taxxa] > [taxa] > [tax] > [tāx] ✧ Ety/TAK
umboth muilin
place name. Twilight Meres, Veiled Pool
Doriathrin precursor to S. Aelin-uial translated “Twilight Meres” (LR/262). In The Etymologies, it was translated “Veiled Pool” and given as a combination of umboth “large pool” and muilin “veiled” (Ety/MBOTH, MUY).
Variations
- Umboth-muilin ✧ SMI/Umboth-muilin
Elements
Word Gloss umboth “large pool” muilin “secret, veiled”
laig
adjective. fresh, lively; keen, sharp
An adjective meaning “fresh, lively” developed from the primitive form ᴹ✶laikwā (Ety/LÁYAK). It is a good example of how [[ilk|[w] vanished after medial velars]] in Ilkorin, as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/laig). This allowed it to blend with the derivative of ᴹ✶laikā and assume the additional meanings “keen, sharp” (Ety/LAIK).
Derivations
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶laikwa > laig [lajkwā] > [laikwā] > [laikwa] > [laigwa] > [laiga] > [laig] ✧ Ety/LAIK ᴹ✶laika > laig [laikā] > [laika] > [laiga] > [laig] ✧ Ety/LÁYAK
luithien go thingol
Luithien go Thingol
mablung
masculine name. Heavy-hand
Cognates
- ᴹQ. Lunguma “Heavy Hand”
Elements
Word Gloss mâb “hand” lung “heavy”
nivrim
place name. West-march
Elements
Word Gloss nivon “forward; west” rîm “edge, hem, border”
tiog
adjective. thick, fat
An adjective meaning “thick, fat” derived from primitive ᴹ✶tiukā (Ety/TIW), where the primitive [[ilk|[iu] became [io]]] and the [[ilk|[k] voiced to [g] after the vowel]], as was usual in Ilkorin.
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. tiuka “thick, fat, thick, fat; [ᴱQ.] dense, solid” ✧ Ety/TIW
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶tiu̯kā > tiog [tiwkā] > [tiukā] > [tiuka] > [tioka] > [tioga] > [tiog] ✧ Ety/TIW
urthin gwethion
place name. *Mountains of Shadow
Ilkorin name for N. Eredwethion appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, a combination of the plural of orth “mountain” and the genitive plural of gwath “shade” (Ety/WATH, EtyAC/WATH).
Variations
- Urthin ✧ EtyAC/WATH
Cognates
- N. Eredwethion “Shadowy Mountains” ✧ Ety/WATH
Elements
Word Gloss orth “mountain” gwath “shade”
ulion
noun. monster, deformed and hideous creature
A noun meaning “monster, deformed and hideous creature” derived from primitive ᴹ✶ulgundō (Ety/ÚLUG). Here the [[ilk|final [un] became [on]]] after other vowels and consonants were lost. This is also the only attested example of how [[ilk|[g] became [i] between an [l] and a vowel]], as noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/ulion).
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. ulundo “monster, deformed and hideous creature” ✧ Ety/ÚLUG
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶ulgundō > ulgund > ulgon > ulion [ulgundō] > [ulgundo] > [ulgund] > [ulgun] > [ulgon] > [ulion] ✧ Ety/ÚLUG
myrilind
noun. nightingale
The Ilkorin noun for “nightingale”, appearing as both murilind and myrilind (Ety/MOR, TIN). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. morilinde indicates a primitive form of ✶morilindē, further supported by the rejected Ilkorin form morilind (EtyAC/MOR). This would have produced murilind according to the rules of Ilkorin i-affection]]. The variant form myrilind hints at a different (dialectical?) phonetic development, as pointed out by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/murilind). See the entry on i*-affection]] for further discussion.
Variations
- murilind/myrilind ✧ Ety/MOR
- mur(i)lind/myr(i)lind ✧ Ety/TIN
- murulind/myrilind ✧ EtyAC/MOR
- morilind ✧ EtyAC/MOR (
morilind)Changes
morilind→ murilind/myrilind ✧ Ety/MORDerivatives
- N. merilin(n) “nightingale” ✧ Ety/TIN
Derivations
- ᴹ√MOR “*black, dark” ✧ Ety/TIN
Cognates
Elements
Word Gloss môr “night” lind “tuneful, sweet; *singing” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√MOR > mur(i)lind/myr(i)lind [morilindē] > [morilinde] > [murilinde] > [murilind] ✧ Ety/TIN
tim
noun. spark, star
A noun for “star”, more literally meaning “spark” derived from primitive ᴹ✶tinmē (Ety/TIN). As suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/tim), probably the primitive [[ilk|[nm] became [mm]]] in Ilkorin to produce the final form.
Conceptual Development: Edward Kloczko suggested that Tolkien later reused this word as North Sindarin tim with the same meaning (Tyalië Tyelelliéva #9).
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. tinwe “spark (star)” ✧ Ety/TIN
Element in
- Ilk. tindum “(starry) twilight, starlight” ✧ Ety/TIN
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶tinmē > tim [tinmē] > [tinme] > [timme] > [timm] > [tim] ✧ Ety/TIN
dôl
noun. flat/lowlying vale
A noun glossed “flat, lowlying vale” (Ety/DAL). Helge Fauskanger pointed out that the gloss is ambiguous, and it may be that this word can also be used an adjective “flat” (AL-Ilkorin/dôl).
Derivations
- ᴹ√DAL “flat” ✧ Ety/DAL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√DAL > dôl [dāl] > [dōl] ✧ Ety/DAL
el
noun. star
A Doriathrin noun meaning “star”, a simple derivative of the root ᴹ√EL (Ety/EL).
Derivations
- ᴹ√EL “star, starry sky” ✧ Ety/EL; Ety/EL
Cognates
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√EL > el [el] ✧ Ety/EL
go
preposition. from, away; patronymic
A preposition “from, away” marked as both Ilkorin (Ety/ƷŌ̆; PE21/60) and Doriathrin (EtyAC/ƷŌ̆). It developed from primitive ᴹ✶ʒō̆ (Ety/WŌ), with the [[ilk|initial [ɣ] becoming [g]]]. It was also used as patronymic, as in go-Thingol “*child of Thingol” (Ety/ƷŌ̆).
Conceptual Development: This preposition may be a restoration of the Gnomish patronymic G. go-.
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. ho “from” ✧ Ety/ƷŌ̆
Element in
- Ilk. Luithien go Thingol ✧ PE21/60
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶ʒo > go [ɣo] > [go] ✧ Ety/WŌ
luth
noun. *spell, charm
An unglossed Doriathrin word derived from the root ᴹ√LUK “magic, enchantment” appearing as an element in the name Lúthien “Enchantress” (Ety/LUK). Since it ends in -th [θ], it probably developed from a primitive form such as ✶luktē̆, as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/luth). This primitive form is likely the basis for its Noldorin cognate N. lhûth “spell, charm” as well, so the Doriathrin word probably has a similar meaning. The primitive [kt] would have developed into [xθ] when double voiceless stops became spirants and this simplified to [θ] when double spirants became single. There was a similar development for oth < ᴹ✶oktā*.
Derivations
- ᴹ√LUK “magic, enchantment” ✧ Ety/LUK
Cognates
- ᴹQ. lúke “enchantment” ✧ Ety/LUK
Element in
- Ilk. Lúthien “Enchantress” ✧ Ety/LUK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LUK > luth [lukte] > [luxθe] > [luθe] > [luθ] ✧ Ety/LUK
tor thingol
proper name. King Thingol
A title for Thingol appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, a combination of tôr “king” with his name (Ety/TĀ, Ety/THIN).
Variations
- Tor-thingol ✧ Ety/THIN (Dor. Tor-thingol)
- Torthingol ✧ EtyAC/THIN (Dor. Torthingol)
Elements
Word Gloss tôr “king” Thingol “*Grey-wise”
taur
noun. wood (place and material), forest
A noun meaning “wood (place and material), forest” derived from primitive ᴹ✶taurē after primitive final vowels vanished (Ety/TÁWAR).
Derivations
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶tau̯rē > taur [taurē] > [taure] > [taur] ✧ Ety/TÁWAR
thall
adjective. steep, falling steeply (of river)
An adjective meaning “steep, falling steeply (of river)” derived from primitive ᴹ✶stalrā (Ety/STAL). The [[ilk|initial [s] spirantalized the following [t] to [θ] (“th”)]], and the [[mp|[lr] became [ll]]], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/thall).
Derivations
Element in
- Ilk. thalos “torrent” ✧ Ety/STAL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶stalrā > thall [stalrā] > [stallā] > [stalla] > [θalla] > [θall] ✧ Ety/STAL
nand
noun. field, valley
A Doriathrin noun meaning “field, valley” (Ety/NAD), also appearing as nan and described as “land at foot of hill with many streams” (EtyAC/NAD).
Variations
- Nan ✧ EtyAC/NAD (Dor. Nan)
Changes
nand→ nand “field, mead” ✧ Ety/NADDerivations
- ᴹ√NAD “*plain, valley” ✧ Ety/NAD
Cognates
- ᴹQ. nanda “water-mead, watered plain” ✧ Ety/NAD
Element in
- Ilk. Nan-Dairon “*Valley of Dairon”
- Ilk. Nan Dungorthin “Vale of Black Horror” ✧ Ety/NAD
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√NAD > nand [nanda] > [nand] ✧ Ety/NAD
rost
noun. plain, wide land between mountains
A Doriathrin noun meaning “plain, wide land between mountains” derived from the root ᴹ√ROS (Ety/ROS²).
Derivations
- ᴹ√ROS “*plain” ✧ Ety/ROS²
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ROS² > rost [roste] > [rost] ✧ Ety/ROS²
thuringwethil
feminine name. (Woman of) Secret Shadow
Cognates
- N. Dolwethil “(Woman of) Secret Shadow” ✧ Ety/THUR
Elements
Word Gloss thúren “guarded, hidden” gwath “shade” -il “feminine suffix”
arn
adjective. red
A Doriathrin adjective meaning “red” derived from the root ᴹ√YAR (Ety/YAR), likely derived from a primitive form such as ✶yarna* [jarna]. It is a good example of how [[ilk|initial [j] vanished]] in Ilkorin.
Derivations
- ᴹ√YAR “blood” ✧ Ety/YAR
Element in
- Ilk. Aros ✧ Ety/YAR
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√YAR > arn [jarna] > [arna] > [arn] > [arn] ✧ Ety/YAR
bril
noun. glass, crystal
A word for “glass, crystal” developed from the primitive form ᴹ✶mbiríl- (Ety/MBIRIL), because in Ilkorin unstressed initial syllables reduced to favored clusters.
Derivations
- ᴹ√MBIRIL “*crystal” ✧ Ety/MBIRIL
Cognates
- ᴹQ. miril “shining jewel” ✧ Ety/MBIRIL
Element in
- Ilk. Brilthor “Glittering Torrent” ✧ Ety/MBIRIL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√MBIRÍL > bril [mbiríl] > [mbríl] > [bríl] ✧ Ety/MBIRIL
dim
noun. gloom, sadness
A noun meaning “gloom, sadness” from the primitive form ᴹ✶dimbē (Ety/DEM).
Conceptual Development: The root of this word in The Etymologies was first written ᴹ√DIM, rejected and replaced by ᴹ√DEM (EtyAC/DEM). As pointed out by Helge Fauskanger, the primitive forms could only be derived from the root ᴹ√DIM (AL-Ilkorin/dem), so it seems that Tolkien did not carry through with the revision of ᴹ√DIM >> ᴹ√DEM.
In an earlier version of the entry, there is a primitive form ᴹ✶dembē > Ilk. dim, so perhaps Tolkien was considering an alternate phonetic development, a parallel for [mb] to the rule that [[ilk:[e], [o] became [i], [u] before [nn], [nd], [ŋg]]]. Maybe Tolkien rejected this rule for [mb] and reverted back to the root form ᴹ√DIM, but neglected to revert the root in the entry itself.
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶dimbē > dim [dimbē] > [dimbe] > [dimb] > [dim] ✧ Ety/DEM ᴹ✶dembē > dim [dembē] > [dembe] > [dimbe] > [dimb] > [dim] ✧ EtyAC/DEM
dorn
noun. oak
A Doriathrin noun meaning “oak” derived from the primitive form ᴹ✶dóron[o] (Ety/DÓRON). The accent mark in the root indicated that the first syllable was stressed, thereby preventing the [[ilk|initial [dor-] from becoming [dr-]]]. The second [o] was lost, however, due to the Ilkorin syncope.
Derivations
- ᴹ√DORON “oak” ✧ Ety/DÓRON
Cognates
- ᴹQ. norno “oak” ✧ Ety/DÓRON; Ety/DÓRON
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√DÓRON > dorn [dorono] > [dorno] > [dorn] > [dorn] ✧ Ety/DÓRON
eld
noun. Star-folk, Elf
A rejected Doriathrin word for “Elf”, a derivation of the root ᴹ√ELED and a direct cognate of ᴹQ. Elda, also appearing in its plural form Eldin (Ety/ELED). It was replaced by Ilk. Egla derived from the inverted form of the root: ᴹ✶edel[a].
Changes
Eld→ Egla “Star-folk, Elf” ✧ Ety/ELEDDerivations
- ᴹ√ELED “Star-Folk, Elves” ✧ Ety/ELED
Cognates
- ᴹQ. Elda “Elf” ✧ Ety/ELED
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÉLED > Eld [elda] > [eld] ✧ Ety/ELED Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source -Eldin plural - ✧ Ety/ELED
hidhum
noun. fog
A Doriathrin noun for “fog” written hiðum in The Etymologies, and derived from the primitive form ᴹ✶khithme [kʰitʰme] (Ety/KHIS, EtyAC/KHIS). This word illustrates several interesting phonetic changes in Ilkorin.
Both the aspirates became voiceless spirants: [kʰ-] > [x-] and [-tʰ-] > [-θ-].
Later the [[ilk:initial [x-] became [h-]]].
Meanwhile the [[ilk:medial [-θ-] voiced to [-ð-]]] (“dh”).
The [[ilk:primitive final [e] was lost]].
Afterwards, the resulting [[ilk:final [m] became syllabic and developed into [-um]]].
Variations
- hiðum ✧ EtyAC/KHIS (Dor. hiðum)
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. hiswe “fog” ✧ Ety/KHIS
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶khithme > hiðum [kʰitʰme] > [xitʰme] > [xiθme] > [xiθm] > [xiðm] > [hiðm] > [hiðum] ✧ Ety/KHIS
mir(nang)eluið
proper name. mir(nang)eluið
A rejected and hard-to-analyze Ilkorin name for the Silmarils appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, revised to N. Mîr in Geleidh (EtyAC/MIR). It seems to contain mîr “jewel”.
Changes
mir(nang)eluið→ Mîr in Geleið ✧ Ety/MIRElements
Word Gloss mîr “jewel” ? ?
nass
noun. web
A Doriathrin noun for “web” (Ety/NAT). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. natse indicates a primitive form ✶natsē*, where the [ts] became [ss] because [[ilk|medial voiceless stops became [s] before [s]]] in Ilkorin.
Derivations
- ᴹ√NAT “lace, weave, tie” ✧ Ety/NAT
Cognates
- ᴹQ. natse “web, net” ✧ Ety/NAT
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√NAT > nass [natsē] > [natse] > [nasse] > [nass] ✧ Ety/NAT
olg
adjective. hideous, horrible
An adjective meaning “hideous, horrible” derived from the root ᴹ√ULUG (Ety/ÚLUG). Its Telerin cognate ᴹT. ulga indicates a primitive form ✶ulgā*, so that in the Ilkorin word the [[ilk|short [u] became [o] preceding the final [a]]] before that final vowel vanished.
Derivations
- ᴹ√ULUG “*hideous, deformed” ✧ Ety/ÚLUG
Cognates
- ᴹT. ulga “hideous, horrible” ✧ Ety/ÚLUG
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÚLUG > olg [ulgā] > [ulga] > [olga] > [olg] ✧ Ety/ÚLUG
oth
noun. war
A noun for “war” derived from primitive ᴹ✶oktā (Ety/OKTĀ). It is a good example of how double spirants became single in Ilkorin, in this case [kt] > [xθ] (or [θθ]) > [θ].
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. ohta “war” ✧ Ety/OKTĀ
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶OKTĀ > oth [oktā] > [okta] > [oxθa] > [oθa] > [oθ] ✧ Ety/OKTĀ
reg
noun. holly
A Doriathrin noun for “holly” attested only in the plural forms regin and region (Ety/ERÉK). It also appeared as an element in the word regorn “holly-tree”. It seems that the latter word replaced reg in the singular, and the original survived only in the plurals, as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/regorn).
Derivations
- ᴹ√(E)REK “thorn, holly” ✧ Ety/ERÉK
Cognates
- N. ereg “holly-tree” ✧ Ety/ERÉK
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ERÉK > regin [rek] > [reg] ✧ Ety/ERÉK Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source regin plural - ✧ Ety/ERÉK region genitive plural - ✧ Ety/ERÉK
rest
noun. cut
A noun meaning “a cut” derived from the root ᴹ√RIS (Ety/RIS²). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. rista suggests a primitive form ✶ristā, where the [i] became [e] due to Ilkorin a*-affection]], as noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/rest).
Derivations
- ᴹ√RIS “slash, rip” ✧ Ety/RIS²
Cognates
- ᴹQ. rista “cut” ✧ Ety/RIS²
Element in
- Ilk. Eglorest ✧ Ety/RIS²
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√RIS > rest [ristā] > [rista] > [resta] > [rest] ✧ Ety/RIS²
tal
noun. foot
A noun for “foot” derived from the ᴹ√TAL (Ety/TAL). It is unusual in that its plural form tel involved Ilkorin i-affection but not the suffix -in, as noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/tal).
Derivations
- ᴹ√TAL “foot” ✧ Ety/TAL
Cognates
- ᴹQ. tál “foot; bottom” ✧ Ety/TAL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√TAL > tal [tal] ✧ Ety/TAL Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source tel plural - ✧ Ety/TAL
thorntor
masculine name. King of Eagles
Ilkorin name for N. Thorondor appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, translated “King of Eagles” (Ety/THOR). It is a combination of thorn “eagle” and tôr “king”.
Cognates
- ᴹQ. Sorontar “King of Eagles” ✧ Ety/THOR
Elements
Word Gloss thorn “eagle” tôr “king”
torthurnion
masculine name. King of Eagles
A variant form of Ilk. Thorntor, a combination of tôr “king” and the genitive plural of thorn “eagle” (Ety/THOR).
Elements
Word Gloss tôr “king” thorn “eagle”
(n)gold
noun. one of the wise folk, Gnome
A Doriathrin name for the ᴹQ. Noldo from the same primitive root ᴹ√ÑGÓLOD (Ety/ÑGOLOD). In the entry for ÑGOLOD in The Etymologies, it appeared as (n)gold, indicating a variation of the usual rule that [[ilk|initial [ŋg] became [g]]] in Ilkorin. The second [o] of the primitive form was lost due to the Ilkorin syncope. Its genitive form golda also appeared as an element in the name Goldamir “*Noldo-jewel” = Silmaril.
Derivations
- ᴹ√ÑGOLOD “one of the wise folk, Gnome” ✧ Ety/ÑGOLOD
Cognates
- ᴹQ. Noldo “one of the wise folk, Gnome” ✧ Ety/ÑGOLOD
Element in
- Ilk. Goldamir “Silmaril, (lit.) *Noldo-jewel” ✧ Ety/ÑGOLOD
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÑGÓLOD > (n)gold [ŋgolodo] > [ŋgoldo] > [ŋgold] > [ŋgold] ✧ Ety/ÑGOLOD Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Golda genitive - ✧ Ety/ÑGOLOD
gold
noun. one of the wise folk, Gnome
alch
noun. swan
An Ilkorin word for “swan” derived from primitive ᴹ✶alkwā (Ety/ÁLAK). This word is a good example of how voiceless stops became spirants after liquids and voiceless stops in Ilkorin.
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. alqa “swan” ✧ Ety/ÁLAK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶alk-wā > alch [alkwā] > [alkwa] > [alxwa] > [alxa] > [alx] ✧ Ety/ÁLAK
drôg
noun. wolf
A Doriathrin noun meaning “wolf” derived from the primitive form ᴹ✶d’rāk (Ety/DARÁK), probably from older ✶darākă. The accent mark in the root ᴹ√DARÁK* indicated that the first syllable was unstressed, so that the [[ilk|initial [dar-] became [dr-]]]. Thereafter the [[ilk|long [ā], became [ō]]] and the [[ilk|voiceless stop [k] voiced to [g] after the vowel]].
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. ráka “wolf” ✧ Ety/DARÁK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶d’rāk > drôg [darā́k] > [drā́k] > [drṓk] > [drṓg] ✧ Ety/DARÁK
dôr
noun. land
A Doriathrin noun for “land” (EtyAC/NDOR) apparently from primitive ᴹ✶ndorē (Ety/NDOR). If its primitive form indeed had a short [o], then this word may be an example of how short vowels sometimes lengthened in monosyllables in Ilkorin.
Variations
- Dor ✧ Ety/THŌN
Derivations
Cognates
- N. dôr “land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live” ✧ Ety/NDOR
Element in
- Ilk. Argador “[Land] Outside the Fence”
- Ilk. Lómendor
- Ilk. Dorthonion “Land of Pines” ✧ Ety/THŌN
- Ilk. Eglador “Land of the Elves”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶ndorē > dôr [ndorē] > [ndore] > [ndor] > [ndōr] > [dōr] ✧ Ety/NDOR
gell
noun. sky
A Doriathrin noun for “sky” derived from the root ᴹ√ƷEL (Ety/ƷEL), probably from a primitive form ✶ʒellē* [ɣellē] based on its cognates. It is a clear example of how [[ilk|initial [ɣ] became [g]]] in Ilkorin.
Derivations
- ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
Cognates
- ᴹQ. helle “sky” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ƷEL > gell [ɣellē] > [ɣelle] > [gelle] > [gell] ✧ Ety/ƷEL
gwau
noun. wind
A noun meaning “wind” derived from the root ᴹ√WAW(A) (Ety/WĀ). Here the [[ilk|initial [w] became [gw]]], and after the final vowel vanished, the [[ilk|final [w] became [u]]].
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. vaiwa “wind” ✧ Ety/WĀ
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√WAWA > gwau [wawa] > [gwawa] > [gwaw] > [gwau] ✧ Ety/WĀ
gwen
noun. girl
A noun for “girl” derived from primitive ᴹ✶wen- (Ety/WEN). Here the [[ilk|initial [w] became [gw]]].
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶wen- > gwen [wen] > [gwen] ✧ Ety/WEN
gwo-
prefix. together
An archaic prefix meaning “together” derived from primitive ᴹ✶wō̆- (Ety/WŌ). It was lost because it coalesced with the preposition go “from”. As such, it is the clearest example of how [[ilk|initial [gwo] became [go]]] in Ilkorin.
Variations
- gwo ✧ Ety/WŌ (gwo)
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. o- “together” ✧ Ety/WŌ
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶wō/wŏ > gwo [wo] > [gwo] > [go] ✧ Ety/WŌ
gôd
noun. dirtiness, filth
A noun meaning “dirtiness, filth” derived from primitive ᴹ✶wahtē (Ety/WAƷ). This word underwent quite a few phonetic developments, as indicated below and as described by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/gôd).
Variations
- gōd ✧ Ety/WAƷ
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶wahtē > gōd [wahtē] > [wahte] > [wāte] > [wōte] > [gwōte] > [gōte] > [gōde] > [gōd] ✧ Ety/WAƷ
hedhu
adjective. grey
A Doriathrin adjective for “grey” written heðu in The Etymologies, and derived from the primitive form ᴹ✶khithwa [kʰitʰwa] (Ety/KHIS). This word illustrates several interesting phonetic changes in Ilkorin.
The [[ilk:[i] became [e] before the final [a]]].
Both the aspirates became voiceless spirants: [kʰ-] > [x-] and [-tʰ-] > [-θ-].
Later the [[ilk:initial [x-] became [h-]]].
Meanwhile the [[ilk:medial [-θ-] voiced to [-ð-]]] (“dh”).
The [[ilk:primitive final [a] was lost]].
Afterwards, the resulting [[ilk:final [w] became [u]]].
In most other Doriathrin words, a [[ilk:final [u] from [w] further developed into [o]]]; it is unclear why this change did not occur here.
Variations
- heðu ✧ Ety/KHIS (Dor. heðu); EtyAC/KHIS (Dor. heðu)
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. hiswa “grey, grey [of weather], *foggy, overcast; [ᴱQ.] dim, fading” ✧ Ety/KHIS
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶khithwa > heðu [kʰitʰwa] > [kʰetʰwa] > [xetʰwa] > [xeθwa] > [xeθw] > [xeðw] > [heðw] > [heðu] ✧ Ety/KHIS
laur
noun. gold
A Doriathrin noun for “gold” developed from primitive ᴹ✶laurē, properly golden light rather than the metal (Ety/LÁWAR).
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. laure “gold” ✧ Ety/LÁWAR
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶laurē > laur [laurē] > [laure] > [laur] ✧ Ety/LÁWAR
line
noun. pool
A noun for “pool” derived from the root ᴹ√LIN (Ety/LIN¹). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. linya suggests its primitive form was ✶linyā* [linjā]. If so, it is an example of how, after [[ilk|final [a] was lost]], the [[ilk|final [j] became [i]]] and then became [e], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/line).
Derivations
- ᴹ√LIN “pool” ✧ Ety/LIN¹
Cognates
- ᴹQ. linya “pool” ✧ Ety/LIN¹
Element in
- Ilk. Taiglin “Deep-pool” ✧ Ety/LIN¹
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LIN¹ > line [linjā] > [linja] > [linj] > [lini] > [line] ✧ Ety/LIN¹
maig
adjective. soft, pliant
An adjective meaning “soft, pliant” derived from primitive ᴹ✶mazgā (EtyAC/MASAG). It had essentially the same development as the noun maig “dough” (from ᴹ✶mazgē), because in both cases the primitive final vowel vanished without further effect.
Variations
- maig ✧ EtyAC/MASAG
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶mazgā > maig [mazgā] > [mazga] > [maiga] > [maig] ✧ EtyAC/MASAG
maig
noun. dough
A noun for “dough” derived from primitive ᴹ✶mazgē (Ety/MASAG), where the primitive [[ilk|[z] became [i] before voiced stops]], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/maig).
Variations
- maig ✧ Ety/MASAG; EtyAC/MASAG (
maig)Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. makse “dough” ✧ Ety/MASAG
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶mazgē > maig [mazgē] > [mazge] > [maige] > [maig] ✧ Ety/MASAG
muil
noun. twilight, shadow, vagueness
A Doriathrin noun meaning “twilight, shadow, vagueness” derived from root ᴹ√MUY (Ety/MUY). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. muile suggests a primitive form of ✶muı̯lē* [mujlē].
Conceptual Development: Tolkien seems to have coined this word to explain Umboth Muilin “Twilight Meres”, a remnant of earlier G. Umboth-muilin “Pools of Twilight”. The meaning of the Ilkorin elements is reversed from the earlier name: in the Gnomish name muilin “pools” was the plural form of the word G. muil, glossed “tarn” in the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/58) which is an older English word for “(mountain) lake”. In later writings, Tolkien replaced this name with S. Aelin-uial “Meres of Twilight”.
Derivations
- ᴹ√MUY “*secret” ✧ Ety/MUY
Cognates
- ᴹQ. muile “secrecy” ✧ Ety/MUY
Element in
- Ilk. muilin “secret, veiled” ✧ Ety/MUY
- N. Kerin-muil
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√MUY > muil [mujlē] > [muilē] > [muile] > [muil] ✧ Ety/MUY
mâb
noun. hand
An Ilkorin and Doriathrin noun for “hand” derived from primitive ᴹ✶mapā (Ety/MAP, EtyAC/MAP), where the [[ilk|voiceless stop [p] voiced to [b] after the vowel]]. Since its primitive form had a short [a] and its Ilkorin form a long [ā] (EtyAC/MAP), this word is an example of how short vowels sometimes lengthened in monosyllables in Ilkorin.
Variations
- Mab ✧ Ety/KAB (Dor. Mab)
- mab ✧ EtyAC/MAP; EtyAC/MAP (Dor. mab)
Derivations
Cognates
- N.
mab“grasp” ✧ EtyAC/MAPElement in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶mapā > mâb [mapā] > [mapa] > [maba] > [mab] > [māb] ✧ Ety/MAP
nîw
noun. nose
A Doriathrin noun for “nose” derived from ᴹ✶neñwi (Ety/LIW). It is likely an example of how [[ilk|[ŋg] vanished before [w] lengthening the preceding vowel]], especially if the [[ilk|[e] first became [i] before the [ŋg]]], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/nîw).
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. nengwe “nose” ✧ Ety/NEÑ-WI
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶NEÑ-WI > nîw [neŋwi] > [neŋgwi] > [neŋgwe] > [niŋgwe] > [nīwe] > [nīw] ✧ Ety/NEÑ-WI
tag-
verb. to fix, construct, make
A verb meaning “to fix, construct, make” derived from the root ᴹ√TAK, attested only its 3rd singular present tense form taga “he fixes, constructs, makes” (Ety/TAK). The [[ilk|[k] became [g] after a vowel]] as usual.
Derivations
- ᴹ√TAK “fix, make fast, make” ✧ Ety/TAK
Cognates
- ᴹQ. tak- “to fasten, to fasten, [ᴱQ.] fix” ✧ Ety/TAK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√TAK > taga [taka-] > [taga-] ✧ Ety/TAK Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source taga present “he fixes, constructs, makes” ✧ Ety/TAK
targ
adjective. tough, stiff
An adjective meaning “tough, stiff” derived from primitive ᴹ✶targā after primitive final vowels vanished (Ety/TÁRAG).
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. tarya “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶targā > targ [targā] > [targa] > [targ] ✧ Ety/TÁRAG
tass
noun. pin
A noun for “pin” derived from primitive ᴹ✶taksē (Ety/TAK), where the [ks] became [ss] because [[ilk|medial voiceless stops became [s] before [s]]] in Ilkorin.
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. takse “nail” ✧ Ety/TAK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶taksē > tass [taksē] > [takse] > [tasse] > [tass] ✧ Ety/TAK
telf
noun. silver
A noun for “silver” derived from the root ᴹ✶KYÉLEP (Ety/KYELEP), most likely from a primitive form ✶kyelepē* [kjelepē]. In Ilkorin, the initial [t] developed from [kj] because initial palatalized velars became dentals, the middle [e] vanished due to the Ilkorin syncope, and the [p] became [f] because [[ilk|voiceless stops became spirants after liquids (like [l])]]. These developments were all suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/telf).
Derivations
- ᴹ√KYELEP “silver” ✧ Ety/KYELEP
Cognates
- ᴹQ. telpe “silver” ✧ Ety/KYELEP
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KYÉLEP > telf [kjelepē] > [kjelepe] > [kjelpe] > [kjelfe] > [telfe] > [telf] ✧ Ety/KYELEP
tell
noun. close, end, last part
A noun meaning “close, end, last part” derived from the root ᴹ√TELES (EtyAC/TELES). Its Quenya cognates ᴹQ. telle and ᴹQ. tella (< ᴹ✶télesā) suggest a primitive form of ✶telesē*. The middle [e] would have vanished due to the Ilkorin syncope, after which apparently the [[ilk|[ls] became [ll]]], though this is the only example of this change.
Derivations
- ᴹ√TELES “hindmost, tarrier” ✧ Ety/TELES
Cognates
- ᴹQ. telle “rear”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√TELES > tell [telesē] > [telese] > [telse] > [telle] > [tell] ✧ Ety/TELES
thind
adjective. grey
An adjective for “grey” derived from primitive ᴹ✶thindi (Ety/THIN) because primitive final vowels vanished in Ilkorin.
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. sinde “grey, pale” ✧ Ety/THIN
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶thindi > thind [tʰindi] > [tʰinde] > [θinde] > [θind] ✧ Ety/THIN
tog-
verb. to bring
A verb for “to bring” derived from the root ᴹ√TUK, attested only in its 3rd-singular present form toga “he brings” (Ety/TUK). Here the [[ilk|short [u] became [o] before the final [a]]] and the [[ilk|[k] voiced to [g] after the vowel]], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/toga). The base form might be tug-.
Derivations
- ᴹ√TUK “draw, bring” ✧ Ety/TUK
Cognates
- ᴹQ. tuk- “to draw, *pull (behind)” ✧ Ety/TUK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√TUK > toga [tuka-] > [toka-] > [toga-] ✧ Ety/TUK Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source toga present “he brings” ✧ Ety/TUK
tor tinduma
proper name. King of Twilight
A title for Thingol appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, a combination of tôr “king” and the genitive of tindum “starry twilight” (Ety/THIN, TIN).
Cognates
- N. Aran Dinnu “King of Twilight” ✧ Ety/TIN
Elements
Word Gloss tôr “king” tindum “(starry) twilight, starlight”
trum
noun. shield
A noun for “shield” derived from primitive ᴹ✶turumbē (Ety/TER), where the unstressed vowel in the first syllable vanished to produce the favored combination [tr], and later the [[ilk|[mb] simplified to [m]]] when this cluster became final.
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹT. trumbe “shield” ✧ Ety/TURÚM
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶turúmbē > trumb > trum [turúmbē] > [turúmbe] > [trúmbe] > [trúmb] > [trúm] ✧ Ety/TURÚM
tund
adjective. tall
An adjective for “tall” derived from primitive ᴹ✶tundā (Ety/TUN). It is an example of how the Ilkorin a-affection was prevented or reverted before [nd], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/tund).
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. tunda “tall” ✧ Ety/TUN
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶tundā > tund [tundā] > [tunda] > [tonda] > [tunda] > [tund] ✧ Ety/TUN
urch
noun. goblin
A Doriathrin noun for “goblin” developed from primitive ᴹ✶orku, also attested in its plural form urchin (Ety/ÓROK). The change of [[ilk|[k] to [x] (“ch”) after the liquid [l]]] was a normal Ilkorin development, but the change of [o] to [u] is harder to explain, as noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/urch). In an earlier version of the entry Tolkien wrote Dor. orch (EtyAC/ÓROK), which is the expected form. The simplest explanation is that this form actually developed from a variant primitive form ✶urku. There is a similar issue with Dan. urc*, so perhaps this variant was used by those Eldar who did not complete the journey to Valinor.
Variations
- orch ✧ EtyAC/ÓROK (Dor.
orch)Changes
orch→ urch ✧ Ety/ÓROKDerivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. orko “goblin” ✧ Ety/ÓROK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶órku > urch [orku] > [orko] > [urko] > [urxo] > [urx] ✧ Ety/ÓROK Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source urchin plural - ✧ Ety/ÓROK -orchin plural - ✧ EtyAC/ÓROK
argad
noun. exterior, outside, (lit.) outside the fence
A Doriathrin noun meaning “the exterior, the outside”, literally “outside the fence” (Ety/GAT(H)). It is a combination of ar- “outside” and gad “fence”. The entry in The Etymologies also had a rejected variant argadon (EtyAC/GAT(H)).
Variations
- argadon ✧ EtyAC/GAT(H) (Dor.
argadon)Element in
- Ilk. Argador “[Land] Outside the Fence” ✧ Ety/GAT(H)
Elements
Word Gloss ar- “outside, beside” gad “fence”
tû
noun. muscle, sinew; vigour, physical strength
A noun meaning “muscle, sinew; vigour, physical strength” derived from primitive ᴹ✶tūgu with an attested intermediate form tūgh [tūɣ] (Ety/TUG). It is a good example of how [[ilk|[g] spirantalized to [ɣ] (“gh”) after a vowel]], and the resulting voiced velar spirant [[ilk|[ɣ] vanished]], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/tû).
Variations
- tū ✧ Ety/TUG
- tûgh/tû ✧ EtyAC/TUG
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. tuo “muscle, sinew; vigour, physical strength” ✧ Ety/TUG
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶tūgu > tūgh > tū [tūgu] > [tūgo] > [tūɣo] > [tūɣ] > [tū] ✧ Ety/TUG
brith
noun. broken stones, gravel
A word for “broken stones, gravel” developed from the primitive form ᴹ✶b’rittē or ✶birittē* (Ety/BIRÍT), because in Ilkorin unstressed initial syllables reduced to favored clusters.
Derivatives
- N. brith “gravel” ✧ Ety/BIRÍT
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶b’rittē > brith [biríttē] > [birítte] > [brítte] > [bríθθe] > [bríθe] > [bríθ] ✧ Ety/BIRÍT
cîr
noun. ship
A noun for “ship” used to in some linguistic notes in the mid-1930s to illustrate the class plural: círiath. Tolkien first wrote these forms with a short vowel (cir, ciriath), and he vacillated on whether these were Noldorin or Ilkorin words, eventually deciding they were from both languages (PE21/57 noted #28). The proper etymology of the Ilkorin form is unclear; based on the example of gwene < gwenyā we might expect Ilk. cere* instead.
Variations
- cīr ✧ PE21/57
- cir ✧ PE21/57 (
cir)Changes
cir→ cīr “ship” ✧ PE21/57Cognates
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source círiath class-plural “ships” ✧ PE21/57 -ciriath class-plural “ships” ✧ PE21/57
duil
noun. river
A noun meaning “river”, simply an elaboration of its root ᴹ√DUY (Ety/DUI).
Derivations
- ᴹ√DUY “*flow” ✧ Ety/DUI
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√DUI̯ > duil [dujl] > [duil] ✧ Ety/DUI
dûm
noun. twilight
A noun for “twilight” developed from primitive ᴹ✶dōmi (Ety/DOMO), where the long [[ilk|[ō] became [ū] before [m]]].
Derivations
Element in
- Ilk. tindum “(starry) twilight, starlight” ✧ Ety/DOMO
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶dōmi- > dûm [dōmi] > [dōme] > [dūme] > [dūm] ✧ Ety/DOMO
gôl
noun. light
A (rejected?) Doriathrin noun for “light” derived from primitive ᴹ✶gālæ appearing in The Etymologies (Ety/KAL, EtyAC/KAL). According to Christopher Tolkien’s notes, it was part of a rejected etymology for the name Thingol, but it isn’t clear whether this noun was rejected or if it was just the etymology. Its long primitive vowel [[ilk|[ā] became [ō]]] as was the norm in Ilkorin.
Variations
gôl✧ Ety/KAL (Dor. gôl); EtyAC/KAL (N. gôl)Derivations
Element in
- Ilk. Thingol “Grey-wise” ✧ Ety/KAL (
Thingol*)Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶gālæ > gôl [gālæ] > [gāla] > [gōla] > [gōl] ✧ Ety/KAL
gôr
adjective. soiled, dirty
An adjective meaning “soiled, dirty” derived from primitive ᴹ✶waʒrā [waɣrā] (Ety/WAƷ). This word underwent quite a few phonetic developments, as indicated below and as described by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/gôr).
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. vára “soiled, dirty” ✧ Ety/WAƷ
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶waʒrā > gôr [waɣrā] > [wārā] > [wāra] > [wōra] > [gwōra] > [gōra] > [gōr] ✧ Ety/WAƷ
laudh
noun. licking up (food or drink), gluttonous eating
@@@
Variations
- lauð ✧ PE19/045 (Dor. lauð)
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. lapsa “licking up (food or drink), gluttonous eating” ✧ PE19/045
orgof
masculine name. Orgof
Precursor to Nan. Saeros in the Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/321), probably an Ilkorin name at the stage.
Changes
- Orgof → Saeros ✧ LRI/Orgof
- Orgof → Saeros ✧ LRI/Saeros
salch
noun. grass
A noun for “grass” derived from the root ᴹ√SALAK (Ety/SALÁK-(WĒ)). It is a good example of how [[ilk|[w] vanished after medial velars]] in Ilkorin.
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. salqe “grass, grass, [ᴱQ.] long mowing grass” ✧ Ety/SALÁK-(WĒ)
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶SALÁK-(WĒ) > salch [salakwē] > [salakwe] > [salkwe] > [salxwe] > [salxe] > [salx] ✧ Ety/SALÁK-(WĒ)
tovon
adjective. lowlying, deep, low
An adjective meaning “lowlying, deep, low” derived from primitive ᴹ✶tubnā (Ety/STAB). The [[ilk|short [u] became [o] before the final [a]]], while the [[ilk|[b] spirantalized to [v] after a vowel]], with the [[ilk|[n] becoming syllabic and developing into [-on]]] after it became final. These developments were all suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/tovon).
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. tumna “lowlying, deep, low, lowlying, low; deep, [ᴱQ.] profound; dark, hidden” ✧ Ety/TUB
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶tubnā > tovon [tubnā] > [tubna] > [tobna] > [tovna] > [tovn] > [tovon] ✧ Ety/TUB
tôr
noun. king
A noun for “king” derived from primitive ᴹ✶tār(ō), also appearing in its plural form tórin (Ety/TĀ, BAL). Tolkien said that it was “only used of the legitimate kings of whole tribes”, though apparently it also survived in compounds like Torthurnion “King of Eagles” (Ety/THOR) and Balthor “Vala-king” (Ety/BAL). It is an example of how [[ilk|[ā] became [ō]]] in Ilkorin, as noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/tôr).
Variations
- Tor ✧ Ety/THIN (Dor. Tor); Ety/THOR
- tórin ✧ EtyAC/BAL
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. tár “king” ✧ Ety/TĀ
Element in
- Ilk. Balthor “Vala-king” ✧ Ety/BAL
- Ilk. Thorntor “King of Eagles”
- Ilk. tóril “queen” ✧ Ety/TĀ
- Ilk. Tor Thingol “King Thingol” ✧ Ety/TĀ; Ety/THIN
- Ilk. Torthurnion “King of Eagles” ✧ Ety/THOR
- Ilk. Tor Tinduma “King of Twilight” ✧ Ety/THIN
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶tārō > tôr [tārō] > [tāro] > [tōro] > [tōr] ✧ Ety/TĀ Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source tōrin plural “kings” ✧ Ety/BAL
ring
noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)
A Doriathrin noun meaning “cold pool or lake (in mountains)” derived from the root ᴹ√RINGI (Ety/RINGI). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. ringwe suggests a primitive form ✶riñgwi [riŋgwi]. This is problematic, since [[ilk|[ŋg] vanished before [w] lengthening the preceding vowel]], as with Dor. líw < ᴹ✶liñ(g)wi. It is possible, though, that this word developed directly from the root form ✶riñgi [riŋgi], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/ring).
Derivations
- ᴹ√RINGI “cold” ✧ Ety/RINGI
Cognates
- ᴹQ. ringwe “cold pool or lake (in mountains)” ✧ Ety/RINGI
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√RINGI > ring [riŋgi] > [riŋge] > [riŋg] ✧ Ety/RINGI
dilion
place name. Dilion
A hypothetical name for the river N. Gelion, what the Ilkorin name would have been if it had been derived from the root ᴹ√GYEL (Ety/GYEL). It is an illustration of the rule that initial palatalized velars became dentals in Ilkorin.
Derivations
- ᴹ√GYEL “*cry of joy or triumph” ✧ Ety/GYEL
Cognates
- N. Gelion ✧ Ety/GYEL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GYEL > Dilion [gjelion] > [delion] > [dilion] ✧ Ety/GYEL
grûm
masculine name. Grûm
A rejected Doriathrin name for ᴹQ. Orome, developed from the rejected primitive form ᴹ✶Górōmē (EtyAC/GÓROM).
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. Orome ✧ EtyAC/GÓROM
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶Górōmē > Grûm [górōmē] > [gorṓmē] > [gorṓme] > [grṓme] > [grū́me] > [grū́m] ✧ EtyAC/GÓROM
góda-
verb. to soil, stain
A verb meaning “to soil, stain” derived from primitive ᴹ✶wahtā- (Ety/WAƷ). This word underwent quite a few phonetic developments similar to those of related gôd “dirtiness, filth”, as indicated below and as described by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/góda-).
Variations
- gōda- ✧ Ety/WAƷ
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. vahta- “to soil, stain” ✧ Ety/WAƷ
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶wahtā- > gōda- [wahta-] > [wāta-] > [wōta-] > [gwōta-] > [gōta-] > [gōda-] ✧ Ety/WAƷ
ngorth
noun. horror
A Doriathrin noun for “horror” derived from the root ᴹ√ÑGÓROTH (Ety/ÑGOROTH). Its Noldorin cognate N. goroth indicates a primitive form ✶ŋgorotʰo, where the second o was lost due to the Ilkorin syncope. Ordinarily, an initial ng- became g-]] in Ilkorin, as noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/ngorth), and ngorth* seems to be a variation on this rule.
Derivations
Cognates
- N. goroth “horror” ✧ Ety/ÑGOROTH
Element in
- Ilk. ngorthin “horrible” ✧ Ety/ÑGOROTH
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÑGÓROTH > ngorth [ŋgorotʰo] > [ŋgortʰo] > [ŋgorθo] > [ŋgorθ] > [ŋgorθ] ✧ Ety/ÑGOROTH
nivra-
verb. to face, go forward
A Doriathrin verb meaning “to face, go forward”, derived from the root ᴹ√NIB (Ety/NIB).
Derivations
- ᴹ√NIB “face, front” ✧ Ety/NIB
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√NIB > nivra- [nibra-] > [nivra-] ✧ Ety/NIB
tindum
noun. (starry) twilight, starlight
A noun meaning “(starry) twilight, starlight”, a combination of tim “star” and dûm “twilight” (Ety/DOMO, TIN), also appearing in its genitive form tinduma (Ety/THIN). Either the compound preserved the original [n] from tim < ᴹ✶tinmē, or the [n] reformed by assimilation to the [d].
Cognates
Element in
- Ilk. Tor Tinduma “King of Twilight” ✧ Ety/THIN; Ety/TIN
Elements
Word Gloss tim “spark, star” dûm “twilight” Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Tinduma genitive “Twilight” ✧ Ety/THIN
tolda-
verb. to fetch
A verb for “to fetch” derived from primitive ᴹ✶tultā-, attested only in its 3rd-singular present form tolda “he fetches” (Ety/TUK). Here the [[ilk|short [u] became [o] before the final [a]]]. The change of [lt] to [ld] is harder to explain, since ordinarily voiceless stops became spirants after liquids in Ilkorin, as noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/tolda).
Derivations
- ᴹ✶tultā- “make come” ✧ Ety/TUL
Cognates
- ᴹQ. tulta- “to send for, fetch, summon, send hither, (lit.) cause to come” ✧ Ety/TUL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶tultā- > tolda [tultā-] > [tulta-] > [tolta-] > [tolda-] ✧ Ety/TUL Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source tolda present “he fetches” ✧ Ety/TUL
tuss
noun. thatch
A noun for “thatch” derived from primitive ᴹ✶tupsē (Ety/TUP), where the [ps] became [ss] because [[ilk|medial voiceless stops became [s] before [s]]] in Ilkorin.
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. tupse “thatch” ✧ Ety/TUP
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶tupsē > tuss [tupsē] > [tupse] > [tusse] > [tuss] ✧ Ety/TUP
uduvon
place name. Uduvon
Ilkorin name for ᴹQ. Utumno appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, a derivative of the same primitive form ᴹ✶Utubnu (Ety/TUB).
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. Utumno ✧ Ety/TUB
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶Utubnu > Uduvon [utubnu] > [utubno] > [utuvno] > [uduvno] > [uduvn] > [uduvon] ✧ Ety/TUB
nivrost
place name. West Vale, West-dales
Ilkorin precursor to S. Nevrast translated “West Vale” (LR/259). In The Etymologies, it was translated “West-dales” and given as a combination of nivon “west” and rost “plain, wide land between mountains” (Ety/NIB, ROS²).
Variations
- Nivros ✧ LR/145; LR/256; LR/266 (Dor. Nivros); LRI/Nivrost
Changes
- Nivros → Nivrost ✧ LR/145
- Nivrost → Nevrast ✧ LR/256
- Nivros → Nivrost ✧ LR/256
- Nivros → Nivrost ✧ LR/259
- Nivrost → Nevrast ✧ LRI/Nevrast
- Nivros → Nivrost ✧ LRI/Nivrost
- Nivrost → Nevrast ✧ PMI/Nivrost
Nivrost→ Nevrast “West Vale” ✧ WJ/197- Nivrost → Nevrast “West Vale” ✧ WJI/Nevrast
Elements
Word Gloss nivon “forward; west” rost “plain, wide land between mountains”
tung
adjective. taut, tight; resonant (of strings)
An adjective for “taut, tight” derived from primitive ᴹ✶tungā, meaning “resonant” when referring to strings (Ety/TUG). It is an example of how the Ilkorin a-affection was prevented or reverted before [ŋg], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/tung).
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. tunga “taut, tight; resonant (of strings)” ✧ Ety/TUG
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶tungā > tung [tuŋgā] > [tuŋga] > [toŋga] > [tuŋga] > [tuŋg] ✧ Ety/TUG
adurant
place name. Adurant
A river in N. Ossiriand (SM/331), a compound of ado “double” (Ety/AT(AT)) and rant “flow, course of river” (Ety/RAT). It must be an older compound, since it preserved the archaic form adu- of ado.
See S. Adurant for further discussion.
Elements
Word Gloss ado “double” rant “flow, course of river”
duilwen
place name. Duilwen
Elements
Word Gloss duil “river” gwene “green”
durgul
noun. sorcery
A Doriathrin noun for “sorcery” (Ety/ÑGOL). The elements of this word seem to be a combination of derivatives of the roots ᴹ√DOƷ and ᴹ√ÑGOL. If it were derived from such a primitive form, it would imply that in its phonological history the [o] because [u] in both syllables. This does not seem to be a general rule in Ilkorin, however: compare Ilk. dorn and (n)golo. A simpler explanation would be that it was a loan word from Noldorin: N. durgul seen in a marginal note (EtyAC/ÑGOL).
Conceptual Development: There is a rejected form dûghol in this entry of The Etymologies that may represent Tolkien’s first attempt to formulate a native Ilkorin word for “sorcery” (EtyAC/ÑGOL). Similar forms appear among the precursors to S. Dol Guldur in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s: Dol Dúgol or Dol Dúghol (TI/178; WR/122). The entry also has a deleted variant form of gûl of Ilk. (n)gôl, so it may be Tolkien originally envisioned a different phonological history of [o] in Ilkorin allowing the production of words like durgul. Perhaps he added the Noldorin form durgul in the margin because he abandoned [o] > [u] in Ilkorin.
Variations
- dûghol ✧ EtyAC/ÑGOL (Dor.
dûghol)Changes
dûghol→ durgul ✧ Ety/ÑGOLCognates
Element in
- Ilk. Dol Dúghol
Elements
Word Gloss DOƷ “night” ÑGOL “wise, wisdom, be wise”
thrôn
adjective. stiff, hard
An adjective meaning “stiff, hard” derived from primitive ᴹ✶starāna (Ety/STARAN). First the unstressed vowel in the first syllable vanished to produce the favored combination [tr], after which the [[ilk|initial [s] spirantalized the following [t] to [θ] (“th”)]], while the [[ilk|long [ā] became [ō]]]. All these developments were suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/thrôn).
Derivations
Element in
- Ilk. Belthronding ✧ Ety/STARAN
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶starāna > thrôn [starā́na] > [strā́na] > [strṓna] > [θrṓna] > [θrṓn] ✧ Ety/STARAN
tingla-
verb. to sparkle
A verb meaning “to sparkle” derived from the root ᴹ√TIN (Ety/TIN), most likely from a primitive verb ✶tinglā. If so, it is an example of how the Ilkorin a-affection]] was prevented or reverted before [ŋg]. This development was pointed out by Helge Fauskanger, though he suggested the primitive verb was ✶tintilā, a cognate Q. tintila-, with a medial development of [-nt(i)l-] > [-ngl-] (AL-Ilkorin/tingla-).
Derivations
- ᴹ√TIN “sparkle, emit slender (silver pale) beams” ✧ Ety/TIN
Cognates
- ᴹQ. tintina- “to sparkle” ✧ Ety/TIN
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√TIN > tingla- [tiŋgla-] > [teŋgla-] > [tiŋgla-] ✧ Ety/TIN
istil
noun. silver light, starlight
A Doriathrin noun for “silver light, starlight”, also given as istel, which developed from the root ᴹ√SIL (Ety/SIL). Tolkien said that it was probably originally a (ancient?) Quenya word learned from Melian. This apparently this means its development was unusual. Along with the identical Istil “Moon”, it is the only Ilkorin noun with a medial [st]. Helge Fauskanger suggested it must have developed by a strengthening of [s] to [st]. It may also be another example of a development from syllabic [ṣ], though elsewhere [[ilk|initial [s] became [es] before voiceless stops]].
Variations
- istel/istil ✧ Ety/SIL (Dor. istel/istil)
Derivations
- ᴹ√SIL “shine silver” ✧ Ety/SIL
Cognates
- ᴹQ. silme “moonlight, light of Silpion, †silver” ✧ Ety/SIL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√SIL > istel/istil [isil] > [istil] ✧ Ety/SIL
ngorthin
adjective. horrible
A Doriathrin adjective meaning “horrible”, a combination of ngorth “horror” with the adjective suffix -in (Ety/ÑGOROTH).
Element in
- Ilk. Nan Dungorthin “Vale of Black Horror” ✧ Ety/ÑGOROTH
Elements
Word Gloss ngorth “horror” -en “adjectival suffix”
dol dúghol
place name. Dol Dúghol
An earlier name for Dol Guldur appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (WR/122), with variations Dol Dúgol (TI/178) and Dol Dûghul (TI/244). The word dûghol appears an earlier rejected word for “sorcery” in The Etymologies (EtyAC/ÑGOL), so perhaps this word was originally intended to be Ilkorin.
Variations
- Dol Dûgul ✧ PMI/Dol Guldur
- Dol Dúghul ✧ PMI/Dol Guldur; TII/Dol Dúgol
- Dol Dúgol ✧ PMI/Dol Guldur; TI/244; TI/296 (
Dol Dúgol); TII/Dol Dúgol- Dol-Dúgol ✧ TI/178
- Dol Dûghul ✧ TI/244; TI/296
Changes
- Dol Dûgul → Dol Guldur ✧ PMI/Dol Guldur
- Dol Dúghul → Dol Guldur ✧ PMI/Dol Guldur
- Dol Dúgol → Dol Dúghul ✧ PMI/Dol Guldur
- Dol Dúgol → Dol Dûghul ✧ TI/244
Dol Dúgol→ Dol Dûghul ✧ TI/296- Dol Dúgol → Dol Dúghul ✧ TII/Dol Dúgol
- Dol Dúghul → Dol Guldur ✧ TII/Dol Dúgol
- Dol Dúghol → Dol Guldur ✧ WR/122
Elements
Word Gloss dol “head, *hill” durgul “sorcery”
ding
noun. sound, *twang
A noun that, together with its variant dang, was glossed “sound” (Ety/DING). Given that its root form ᴹ√DING was said to be onomatopoeic, it was probably a word for a particular kind of sound, perhaps like English “twang”, which is a gloss of several derivatives of the similar root ᴹ√TING/TANG.
Variations
- ding/dang ✧ Ety/DING
Derivations
- ᴹ√DING “ding (onomatopoeic)” ✧ Ety/DING
Element in
- Ilk. Belthronding ✧ Ety/DING
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√DIÑG > ding/dang [diŋg] ✧ Ety/DING
gwing
noun. spindrift, flying spray
A noun for “spindrift, flying spray” derived from primitive ᴹ✶wingē (Ety/WIG). Here the [[ilk|initial [w] became [gw]]].
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. winge “foam, crest of wave, crest” ✧ Ety/WIG
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶wingē > gwing [wiŋgē] > [wiŋge] > [gwiŋge] > [gwiŋg] ✧ Ety/WIG
líw
noun. fish
A Doriathrin noun for “fish” derived from primitive ᴹ✶liñwi (Ety/LIW). It is the clearest example of how [[ilk|[ŋg] vanished before [w] lengthening the preceding vowel]], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/líw). @@@ same development in ᴱN hiw PE13/147
Conceptual Development: This word first appeared as rejected ling (EtyAC/LIW), probably reflecting Tolkien’s uncertainty on the development of [-ŋgw-] in Ilkorin.
Variations
- ling ✧ EtyAC/LIW (Dor.
ling)Changes
ling→ líw ✧ Ety/LIWDerivations
Cognates
- ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶liñwi > líw [liŋwi] > [liŋgwi] > [liŋgwe] > [līwe] > [līw] ✧ Ety/LIW ᴹ√LINGWI > ling [liŋwi] > [liŋgwi] > [liŋgwe] > [liŋge] > [liŋg] ✧ EtyAC/LIW
thind
masculine name. Thind
A shorter Ilkorin name for Ilk. Thingol appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/THIN). It is simply thind “grey” used as a name.
Cognates
- ᴹQ. Sindo “The Grey” ✧ Ety/THIN
Elements
Word Gloss thind “grey”
bar Reconstructed
noun. home
A noun meaning something like “home” attested only in compounds like Eglamar “Elvenhome”.
Derivations
Cognates
Element in
- Ilk. Brithombar “*Brithon-home”
- Ilk. Dimbar “*Sad Home”
- Ilk. Eglamar “Elvenhome”
-il Reconstructed
suffix. feminine suffix
Apparently a feminine suffix attested in the name Thuringwethil “(Woman of) Secret Shadow” (Ety/THUR) and the noun tóril “queen” (Ety/TĀ).
Cognates
- N. -iel “daughter; feminine suffix”
Element in
- Ilk. tóril “queen” ✧ Ety/TĀ
- Ilk. Thuringwethil “(Woman of) Secret Shadow” ✧ Ety/THUR
dol Reconstructed
noun. head, *hill
An Ilkorin noun for “head” attested only as an element in the name Dolmed “Wet Head” (Ety/MIZD, NDOL). It might also appear in Dol Dúghol, assuming that name is Ilkorin. Assuming it functions similarly to its Noldorin equivalent N. dôl, it can probably also be used to refer to a hill.
Derivations
- ᴹ√NDOL “*head”
Cognates
- N. dôl “head, hill”
Element in
- Ilk. Dol Dúghol
- Ilk. Dolmed “Wet Head”
-en Reconstructed
suffix. adjectival suffix
An adjectival suffix appearing as both -en and -in, and in one place as -on: Brithon. The -en form can be easily explained as a derivative of the primitive suffix ᴹ✶-ina, with the [[ilk|primitive [i] becoming [e] due to Ilkorin a-affection]], the same origin as the Noldorin adjectival suffix -en. The -in variant is more difficult to explain. At least one example lómen had variations with both -en and -in, so perhaps the two forms represented vacillation on the function of Ilkorin a-affection, or an alternate primitive form ᴹ✶-ină where the final ă was lost before a-affection.
Alterately, -in could be a Doriathrin-specific variant, since the forms where it appears are all Doriathrin, while the forms where -en appear are marked Ilkorin, excepting only lómen which was itself revised from lómin.
Derivations
- ᴹ✶-ina “adjective suffix”
Cognates
- N. -en “adjective suffix”
Element in
losgen Reconstructed
adjective. empty
An adjective meaning “empty” attested only as an element in the Ilkorin name Mablosgen (Ety/MAP). As suggested by Helge Fauskanger, it might be a combination of Dor. lost and the adjective suffix -en, but if so it is unclear where the medial g came from (AL-Ilkorin/Mablosgen). Alternately, perhaps losgen is the general Ilkorin adjective for “empty” and lost is a variant used only in the Doriathrin dialect.
Derivations
- ᴹ√LUS “*empty”
Cognates
- N. lhost “empty”
Element in
- Ilk. Mablosgen “Empty-handed” ✧ Ety/MAP
Elements
Word Gloss lost “empty” -en “adjectival suffix”
lost Reconstructed
adjective. empty
A Doriathrin adjective meaning “empty” attested only as an element in the name Dor. Mablost (Ety/KAB). Its Quenya cognate lusta suggests a primitive form ✶lustā, with the [o] developing from Ilkorin a-affection]]. It might be a Doriathrin-only variant of more general Ilkorin losgen* “empty”.
Derivations
- ᴹ√LUS “*empty” ✧ Ety/KAB
Cognates
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LUS > lost [lustā] > [lusta] > [losta] > [lost] ✧ Ety/KAB
mîr Reconstructed
noun. jewel
A word for “jewel” attested only in compounds, probably of the same derivation and meaning as its Noldorin cognate N. mîr.
Derivations
- ᴹ√MIR “*precious”
Cognates
Element in
- Ilk. Goldamir “Silmaril, (lit.) *Noldo-jewel”
- Ilk.
mir(nang)eluið- Ilk. Nauglamír “Necklace of the Dwarves”
neld Reconstructed
cardinal. three
The Doriathrin number “three” attested only as an element in the word neldor “beech” = “three trunks” (Ety/NEL). Its cognates ᴹQ. nelde and N. neledh indicates a primitive form ✶neledē, which would have become Ilk. neld* due to the Ilkorin syncope, as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/neldor).
Derivations
- ᴹ√NELED “three” ✧ Ety/NEL
Cognates
- ᴹQ. nelde “three” ✧ Ety/NEL
Element in
- Ilk. neldor “beech” ✧ Ety/NEL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√NÉL-ED > neld [neledē] > [nelede] > [nelde] > [neld] ✧ Ety/NEL
-ien Reconstructed
suffix. element in female names
Apparently a feminine suffix attested only in the name Lúthien (Ety/LUK).
Cognates
- N. -ien “feminine ending”
Element in
- Ilk. Lúthien “Enchantress” ✧ Ety/LUK
-on Reconstructed
suffix. masculine suffix
Apparently a masculine suffix attested in the name Dairon.
Element in
- Ilk. Dairon
er Reconstructed
cardinal. one
The Ilkorin word for “one” attested only in the name Ermabuin or Ermab(r)in “One-handed” (Ety/MAP).
Derivations
- ᴹ√ER “be alone, deprived”
Cognates
- ᴹQ. er “one, alone”
Element in
- Ilk. Ermabuin “One-handed”
-in Reconstructed
suffix. plural suffix
A suffix appearing in almost all attested Ilkorin plurals.
Conceptual Development: This suffix is the same as the most common Gnomish plural suffix -in (GG/10).
-os Reconstructed
suffix. abstract ending
Apparently an abstract noun suffix appearing in the words Aros and thalos, perhaps of the same origin as the abstract endings ᴹQ. -sse and N. -as, though Helge Fauskanger suggested instead that it is related to the locative suffix ᴹQ. -sse (AL-Ilkorin/thalos).
Element in
hiril Reconstructed
noun. lady
A Doriathrin noun for “lady” attested only as an element in the name Hirilorn (Ety/NEL). It probably had essentially the same derivation as its Noldorin cognate N. hiril (Ety/KHER).
Derivations
- ᴹ√KHER “rule, govern, possess”
Cognates
- N. hiril “lady”
Element in
- Ilk. Hirilorn “*Tree of the Lady”
A word for “bear” developed from the primitive form ᴹ✶morókō (Ety/BIRÍT), because in Ilkorin unstressed initial syllables reduced to favored clusters, after which the [[ilk|initial [mr-] became [br-]]]. This word is unusual in that the primitive final vowel did not vanish, but instead developed into -a, as noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/broga). The conditions for this exception are unclear, but may have been due to the consonant [g] that developed from primitive [k].