bendā

adjective. slanting, sloping, up or down hill

ī

root. be

ara

root. (be) dry

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s meaning “(be) dry” (QL/32). Given the many uses to which √AR was put later, it is unlikely this sense remained valid in Tolkien’s later writing; the later root ᴹ√PARAK and its derivatives is probably better for the purposes of Neo-Eldarin writing.

sah(y)a

root. be hot

A root given as ᴱ√SAHA or ᴱ√SAHYA and glossed “be hot” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, with derivatives like ᴱQ. sá “fire” and ᴱQ. Sahóra “the South” (QL/81). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. sâ “fire” and G. sair “hot” (GL/66). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.

taŋa

root. touch, be next to

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “touch, be next to”, with derivatives like adverb ᴱQ. tange “close to, by” and adjective ᴱQ. tange (tangi-) “close, near” (QL/89). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.

koro

root. be round, roll

laẏa

root. be alive, flourish

nā

root. be, exist

nō

root. become, be born

ō

root. be, exist

kṇðṇ

root. shine

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ᴱ√KṆŘṆ “shine” with derivatives in both Qenya and Gnomish, such as ᴱQ. kanda- “blaze”, G. cintha- “to light, set alight”, ᴱQ. kanwa “lurid”, and G. cantha “flame” (QL/47; GL/25-26). It may be a variant of ᴱ√KṚN “✱red” (QL/48). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.

kar-

verb. to make

kṇřṇ

root. shine

mat-

verb. to eat

mata

root. eat

vī

root. as

ðoro

root. sit

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “sit” with derivatives mean “sit” or “seat” (QL/85-86). In the Qenya Lexicon Tolkien gave the root as SORO with ÐORO in parenthesis, but Gnomish cognates like G. dorn “seat” and dortha- “to settle” (GL/30) make it clear ÐORO was the true form of the root. There were a variety of different roots for “sit” in later writings such ᴹ√KHAM or √KHAD.

ŋolo

root. to know