accar-

do back; react; requite, avenge

accar- vb. "do back; react; requite, avenge" (PE17:166). Also ahtar-. (The note containing this form was struck out, but the related Sindarin word acharn "vengeance" appears in the narratives.)

ahtar-

do back; react; requite, avenge

ahtar- "do back; react; requite, avenge" (PE17:166). Also accar-. (The note containing this form was struck out, but the related Sindarin word acharn "vengeance" appears in the narratives.)

accar-

verb. to do back, react; to requite, avenge

ahtar-

verb. to do back, react; to requite, avenge

Cognates

• S. achar- “to avenge, do back, react, requite” ✧ PE17/166

Elements

Word	Gloss
at(a)-	“double, second time, double, [repeat a] second time; [ᴱQ.] bi-, twi-; [ᴹQ.] back, again, re-”
car-	“to do, make, to do, make, [ᴹQ.] build”

Variations

• akkar ✧ PE17/166 (akkar)
• ahtar ✧ PE17/166 (ahtar)

paireta-

verb. to avenge, take vengance

Derivations

• ᴺ✶. PAY “punish, take vengeance on, requite; conquer, subdue”

ahtar-

verb. to do back, react; to requite, avenge

Element in

• ᴺQ. ahtarië “reaction; vengeance”
• ᴺQ. ahtarulas(së) “responsibility, (lit.) aptitude to react”

Elements

Word	Gloss
AT	“two, double, bi-, di-; back, re-; across, over, lying from side to side, two, double, bi-, di-; back, re-, [ᴹ√] again, twice; [ᴱ√] dual; [√] across, over, lying from side to side”
car-	“to do, make, to do, make, [ᴹQ.] build”

achar-

verb. to avenge, do back, react, requite

A verb meaning “to avenge”, derived from the Sindarin-only root √AK “hostile return” (PE17/167), probably in combination with ✶kar- “to do” and hence literally “do back with hostility”.

Conceptual Development: The initial element of this word was first derived from √AT “again” (PE17/166). Apparently the prefix ✶at- (also meaning “twice”) did not have the connotation Tolkien wanted, because he rejected this etymology, and went on to explore several different possible primitive forms meaning “back (again)”. Among these discussions, he coined the new root √AK, from which he derived the related Sindarin words acharn “(act of) revenge” and achared “vengeance”. The latter is clearly the gerund of achar-, so it seems this was also the new derivation of this verb.

Cognates

• Q. ahtar- “to do back, react; to requite, avenge” ✧ PE17/166

Element in

• S. achared “vengeance” ✧ PE17/167
• S. acharn “vengeance, (an act of) revenge”

achar-

do back

_ v. _do back, react; requite; avenge. Q. _akkar _or ahtar. Tôl achar 'vengeance is coming'. . This gloss was rejected.