at(a)-

prefix. double, second time, double, [repeat a] second time; [ᴱQ.] bi-, twi-; [ᴹQ.] back, again, re-

A prefix for “double” based on √AT of similar meaning used in various words like atendëa “double-middle” (RC/728) and atamaitë “two-handed” (PE17/162). In notes from around 1959 Tolkien said it could also be used for “again”, but “only in literal sense of second time, double” (PE17/166). Compare ataquanta- “refill” = “fill a second time” vs. the more ordinary word for “refill” = enquanta-.

Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s translated the prefix ᴹQ. at(a)- as “back, again, re-” under the root ᴹ√AT(AT), which in this document was glossed “again, back” (Ety/AT(AT)). This distinction can be seen in 1940s ᴹQ. at-tul- “return” vs. later entul- from the 1950s and 60s. Earlier still the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. at-, att-, or atta- “bi-, twi-” under the early root ᴱ√ATA “dual” (QL/33).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use at(a)- mainly in the sense “double, bi-, twi-”, and would only use it for the sense “re-” in the limited sense “do a second time” as described above. However, based on its meaning in The Etymologies, at(a)- is popular as a prefix for “re-” in many neologisms, but I would avoid this because these 1930s glosses predate Tolkien’s introduction of en- “re-”.

-nna

suffix. (movement) to, towards, onto, at (arriving at a point); allative suffix

The Quenya allative suffix indicating motion towards; see that entry for discussion.

Conceptual Development: In Tolkien’s earlier writings, it had other forms like ᴱQ. -nta or -tta (PE14/46, 78).

ataquetië

noun. saying again, repetition

at

root. two, double, bi-, di-; back, re-; across, over, lying from side to side, two, double, bi-, di-; back, re-, [ᴹ√] again, twice; [ᴱ√] dual; [√] across, over, lying from side to side

As the main root for “two”, √AT dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s where ᴱ√ATA appeared with the gloss “dual” (QL/33). At this very early stage, its derivatives had mainly to do with pairs such as ᴱQ. aqi “a brace, a couple of, both” and at- “bi-, twi-”, whereas the earliest Quenya word for “two” was ᴱQ. yúyo (PE14/49). Later on, Q. yúyo became “both” whereas “two” became Q. atta.

In The Etymologies of the 1930s this root appeared as ᴹ√AT(AT) (Ety/AT(AT)) with variants ᴹ√ATTA which became the basis for Quenya atta “two” (Ety/ATTA) and ᴹ√TATA which became the basis for Noldorin tâd “two” (Ety/TATA); these numerals retained this form thereafter into the Quenya and Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s (VT42/24-26). In the 1930s, the ᴹ√TATA variant took on the sense “double” in Quenya, and the ᴹ√ATTA variant took on the sense “across” in Noldorin. The base root ᴹ√AT had the sense “again, back”, as seen in both Quenya and Noldorin prefixes ᴹQ. at(a)-, N. ad- “back, again, re-” (Ety/AT(AT)).

This root continued to appear in the 1950s and 1960s, retaining its various meanings of “two” (VT42/27), “back, again” (PE17/148) and “across” (VT43/33). Tolkien explored the origin and development of this root at some length in his essays on Elvish numerals from the late 1960s, connecting it to √AT(AR) “father” via various Elvish finger names (VT48/19).

enki

pronoun. that by you over there (addressing or writing to someone at a distance)

ad-

prefix. back, again, re-

ad-

prefix. back, again, re-

gladh-

verb. to laugh, to laugh [at a joke], *guffaw

This word is not compatible with the name Lalaith “Laughter” attested in The Silmarillion. The most likely explanation of this name is that it is the unattested verb ✱lala- “laugh” with the abstract noun suffix -th seen in tirith “watch(ing)” and sirith “flowing”. This indicates a primitive form ✶lala- instead of ✶glada- (both primitives produce Quenya lala-). If you were to accept gladh- as the Sindarin word for “laugh”, then the word for “laughter” would perhaps be the equivalent abstract noun ✱gladhath, and the name Lalaith might be a mix of Quenya and Sindarin. @@@ Neo-Sindarin uses